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Doctors are scientists who operate in a world of statistics, odds and probability. Yet they’ve long been taught that when dealing with patients they should convey a reassuring level of confidence and certainty. (1) As a result, patients expect their doctors to give them a clear diagnosis and a straightforward course of treatment.But now that information about every medical condition imaginable is just a few clicks away experts are asking whether doctors' apparent (2) certainty when communicating with their patients actually does more harm than good. With the information overload brought by the progress of medicine and (3) technologyanswers are rarely black or white. Medical schools are only just starting to teach doctors how to deal with this, and patients' expectations haven't (4) adjusted either.“Medicine has always fallen short ofthe sort of certainty that we find in math and geometry”, says Dr. Ross Upshur, a researcher at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health in Toronto. “If you think about knowledge and what it does, it’s about (5) limiting uncertainty, not about creating certainty. ”Doctors in training, like gamblers, need to be (6) accustomed to working in a field in which they’re constantly weighing the odds based on a myriad of factors. When Upshur teaches medical students how to diagnose a disease, he tells them to (7) broaden their inquiry ---- come up with a list of possibilities, rather than quickly home in on a single solution. “Even when you make a diagnosis that you think is firm, you usually don’t have certainty about what would be the best (8) cure and what the outcomes will be in the long run.”(9) Technology has helped redefine the quest for certainty. We are reaching a point where we can feed a list of symptoms into a computer and get a more (10) accurate diagnosis than from a doctor. Dr. Richard Schwartzstein, a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, sees such developments as both a/an (11) challenge and an opportunity. On one hand, he says, “technology tries to push you to a/an (12) maximal level of certainty. Do this test to get a 99 percent level of certainty that you have this disease. ”On the other hand, computers can’t (13) communicate a diagnosis or a treatment to patients in a comforting way. Take a routine screening test for early-stage lung cancer. Based on your age, your smoking status, and your gender, a computer can do a great job of evaluating the chances of finding a cancerous nodule (癌症结节). It can also (14) calculate quite precisely the risk of developing an actual cancer based on the size and shape of a nodule. What it can’t do, (15) however, is decide how to break the news that you have a nodule in your lung that has a 1 percent chance of becoming a cancer. 1. Doctors are scientists who operate in a world of statistics, odds and probability. Yet they’ve long been taught that when dealing with patients they should convey a reassuring level of confidence and certainty. 医生是科学家，他们的工作离不开数据、机率和概率。然而长期以来，他们被教导说，与病人打交道时，他们应该传递令人信服的自信和确定性。Operate这里应理解为“工作”; reassuring令人信服的、可靠的。 2. (1) As a result, patients expect their doctors to give them a clear diagnosis and a straightforward course of treatment. 因此，病人期待医生给他们一个清晰的诊断和直接的治疗过程。3. But now that information about every medical condition imaginable is just a few clicks away experts are asking whether doctors' apparent (2) certainty when communicating with their patients actually does more harm than good. 但是，现在只要轻点鼠标、就能了解到各种病情信息，鉴于此，专家们质疑：与病人沟通时，医生给出的确定性实际上是否弊大于利。Now that因为、鉴于；every…imaginable各种、全部的、所能想到的。 4. With the information overloadbrought by the progress of medicine and (3) technology answers are rarely black or white. Medical schools are only just starting to teach doctors how to deal with this, and patients' expectations haven't (4) adjusted either. 随着医学和技术进步所带来的信息过载，答案很少非黑即白。医学院正在开始教医生如何处理这个问题，而病人的期望也还没有能适应（这一变化趋势）。With…brought复合结构“随着/在……”； 5. “Medicine has always fallen short ofthe sort of certainty that we find in math and geometry”, says Dr. Ross Upshur, a researcher at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health in Toronto. “If you think about knowledge and what it does, it’s about (5) limiting uncertainty, not about creating certainty. ” '医学总是达不到我们在数学和几何学中发现的那种确定性'，多伦多达拉拉纳公共卫生学院的研究员罗斯-厄普舒尔博士说。'如果你考虑到知识和它的作用，它是关于限制不确定性，而不是创造确定性。'fallen short of达不到、缺少。 6.Doctors in training, like gamblers, need to be (6) accustomed to working in a field in which they’re constantly weighing the odds based on countless factors. When Upshur teaches medical students how to diagnose a disease, he tells them to (7) broaden their inquiry ---- come up with a list of possibilities, rather than quickly home in on a single solution. 接受培训的医生就像赌徒一样，需要习惯于在这个领域工作，在这个领域中，他们不断地根据无数的因素来衡量赔率。当Upshur教授医学生如何诊断一种疾病时，他告诉他们要扩大调查范围----提出一个可能性的清单，而不是迅速归纳出一个单一的解决方案。Weigh掂量、权衡；home in on对准、指向。 7.“Even when you make a diagnosis that you think is firm, you usually don’t have certainty about what would be the best (8) cure and what the outcomes will be in the long run.” '即使你做出了一个你认为是确定的诊断，你通常也不能确定什么是最好的治疗方法，以及从长远来看，结果会是什么。'In the long run长期来看。 8.(9) Technology has helped redefine the quest for certainty. We are reaching a point where we can feed a list of symptomsinto a computer and get a more (10) accurate diagnosis than from a doctor. Dr. Richard Schwartzstein, a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, sees such developments as both a/an (11) challenge and an opportunity. On one hand, he says, “technology tries to push you to a/an (12) maximal level of certainty. Do this test to get a 99 percent level of certainty that you have this disease. ” 技术已经帮助我们重新定义了对确定性的追求。我们正在达到这样一个地步：我们可以把症状清单输入计算机，得到比医生更准确的诊断。哈佛医学院医学教授理查德-施瓦茨坦博士认为这种发展既是挑战也是机遇。他说，一方面，'技术试图把你推到一个最大的确定性水平。做这个测试可以得到99%的确定性：你有这个疾病。'Redefine重新定义；reaching a point where达到某个……的程度。 9. On the other hand, computers can’t (13) communicate a diagnosis or a treatment to patients in a comforting way. Take a routine screening test for early-stage lung cancer. Based on your age, your smoking status, and your gender, a computer can do a great job of evaluating the chances of finding a cancerous nodule (癌症结节). 另一方面，计算机不能以安慰的方式向病人传达诊断或治疗。以早期肺癌的常规筛查测试为例。根据你的年龄、吸烟状况和性别，计算机可以很好地评估发现癌症结节的几率。a routine screening test定期筛查。 10. It can also (14) calculate quite precisely the risk of developing an actual cancer based on the size and shape of a nodule. What it can’t do, (15) however, is decide how to break the news that you have a nodule in your lung that has a 1 percent chance of becoming a cancer. 它还可以根据结节的大小和形状，相当精确地计算出发展为实际癌症的风险。然而，它不能做的是决定如何告诉你，你的肺部有一个结节，有1%的机会成为癌症。developing 患上某种疾病；break the news爆料、告诉实情。 【词汇分析】
AWL词表分级中出现的词汇
AWL 1 words: creating, factors, percent, redefine, researcherAWL 2 words: computer, computers, evaluatingAWL 3 words: constantly, outcomes, technologyAWL 4 words: apparent, communicate, communicating, job, statistics, statusAWL 5 words: adjusted, challenge, medical, preciselyAWL 6 words: accurate, experts, genderAWL 10 words: odds, straightforwardGSL词表和个人词频词表
GSL 2k words: 2619 probability（probably）,Off-list: 2195 imaginable（imagine）,
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