第2讲 名词性从句名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子，它的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中可作主语、宾语、表语和同位语，因此名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
Many students don’t know what they should do①，but whatXiao Meng wants to do② is earn money.The reason is that she wants to lessen her parents’burden③.It is said thatmany small companies need graduates to do part-time jobs②.Xiao Meng has applied for two jobs but she is not sure whether she will be employed①.She also wonders whenshe will be admitted to a college① and whichcity she will go①.She is anxious for the news that she is admitted to a good university④. [规则感悟] ①位于及物动词或形容词之后的从句是宾语从句。②谓语动词之前的从句为主语从句。此外，该从句可以用it作形式主语。③位于be动词之后的从句是表语从句。④位于抽象名词之后，解释该名词内容的从句为同位语从句。 1．名词性从句的引导词如下表所示
2．名词性从句的语序是陈述语序 Do you know where will the party be held？(×) Do you know where the party will be held？(√) 3．名词性从句的时态 (1)当主句是现在时态(一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时)时， 从句可根据实际情况使用各种时态。 It annoys me that he brokemy favourite vase. 他打碎了我最喜欢的花瓶，这令我很生气。 Do you know when and where he bought the book? 你知道他什么时候在哪里买的这本书吗？ I have heard that our teacherwill come back tomorrow. 我听说我们的老师明天就回来了。 (2)当主句的谓语动词是过去时的时候，宾语从句若不是一个客观事实或真理，其谓语动词也用某种过去时态。 I asked her if she would allow me to interview her，and she readily agreed. 我问她是否允许我采访她，她欣然同意了。 My teacher said that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 老师说太阳从东方升起西方落下。 (客观真理) 4．what与that的用法 that是从属连词，在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何意义。而what是连接代词，在名词性从句中充当成分，通常充当主语、宾语或表语。 I believe that I will succeed if I study hard. 我相信如果我努力学习我会成功的。 I believe what he said because he is an honest man.我相信他说的话，因为他是个诚实的人。 5．whether与if的用法 (1)用whether或if均可的情况 ①引导大部分动词后的宾语从句时，两者均可使用。 ②it作形式主语，且主语从句在句末时，两者均可引导主语从句。 (2)用whether而不用if的情况 ①引导主语从句置于句首时； ②引导表语从句和同位语从句时； ③引导介词的宾语从句时； ④引导词与or not连用时； ⑤引导词后接to do时； ⑥有些动词如discuss，decide等后的宾语从句。 6．what，who，which与whatever，whoever，whichever引导名词性从句的区别 (1)what引导名词性从句意为“什么”，带有疑问意味；意为“……的事情”，表示肯定的意思。who意思是“谁”，带有疑问意味；which意思是“哪一个”，带有疑问意味。 Do you know whobroke the window? 你知道是谁打坏的窗子吗？ (2)whatever，whoever，whichever意思分别为“所……的一切事或东西”，“任何……的人”“……的任何一种东西”等，并且充当成分，相当于anything that，anyone who等。 She is very dear to me.We have been prepared to do whatever it takes to save her life.＝She is very dear to me.We have been prepared to do anything that it takes to save her life. 她是我的至亲，我们已经准备好了不惜一切代价救她的命。 7．that不可省略的情况 (1)that引导主语从句且从句置于句首时；that引导表语从句时；that引导同位语从句时；当it作形式宾语，that引导的从句作真正的宾语时。 (2)当主句谓语后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，第一个that可省略，其他的that不可省略。 She said (that) her ambition was to enter a key university，that she would study hard to make her dream come true，andthat she would live up to her parents’ expectations. 她说她的志向是考上一所重点大学，她会努力学习，实现自己的梦想，不辜负父母的期望。 8．同位语从句位于表示概念或思维的抽象名词之后，对该抽象名词起解释说明的作用 常见的抽象名词有news，idea，fact，promise，conclusion，theory，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，word(消息)，possibility，decision等。 At first many people were astonished at the conclusion that the earth was not the centre of the universe. 起初很多人对地球不是宇宙中心这一结论感到惊讶。 9．why与because引导表语从句的区别 why与because 引导表语从句时，前者强调结果，后者强调原因。 I had a cold.That was whyI didn’t attend school. 我感冒了，因此我没去上学。 I didn’t attend school. That was because I had a cold.我没去上学，那是因为我感冒了。 注意：(1)句子的主语为the reason时，表语从句用that引导，表示原因，此时不用because。 The reason why she was ill was thatshe had eaten bad meat. 她生病的原因是她吃了变质的肉。 (2)由why引导的从句作主语时，表语从句用that引导。 Why we decided to put off the match was that the weather was too terrible. 我们决定推迟比赛的原因是天气太糟糕了。 10．as if/though引导的表语从句 as if/though引导的表语从句通常置于系动词look，seem，sound，be等后面，从句中既可以用虚拟语气，也可用陈述语气。 It sounds as ifsomebody is knocking at/on the door. 听起来好像有人在敲门。 She treats him as ifhe were a stranger. 她待他如陌生人。 11．同位语从句和定语从句的区别 同位语从句是用于解释说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，而定语从句是对作先行词的名词的限制、描绘或说明。that在同位语从句中只是连接主从句，没有任何意义，不在从句中充当句子成分；that在定语从句中是关系代词，不但连接主从句，而且指代被修饰的名词或代词(即先行词)，在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。 I had no idea thatBrisbane has so many people! (that引导同位语从句，不能省略) The idea (that) he put forward at the meeting is very reasonable.(that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略)
1．People wonder whyQizai is brown，given that his mother is black and white.Scientists guess that it’s due to some genetic mutation(基因突变)． 2．Asian elephants are among the most highly protected animals in China and what drove the elephants to make their long trip is still unknown. 3．They interacted with students from five classrooms across China and showed viewers how they live and work inside the space station. 4．The reason why he was late was that he was caught in a traffic jam. 5．He expressed his hope thathe would visit China again. 6．I was in such a hurry that I paid no attention to whether or not the milk was hot.
1．What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. (2021·新高考全国Ⅰ) 2．By boat is the only way to get here，which is how we arrived.(2018·江苏) 3．Every year，whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. (2017·北京) 4．You have to know whereyou’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there. (2015·福建) 5．She asked me whether/ifI had returned the books to the library，and I admitted that I hadn’t.(2017·天津6月)
层级一 基础达标练 单句语法填空 1．He was not looking for others’smiles，or worrying about whether someone was watching or not. 2．Helen McCarthy，an author and expert on Japanese Cartoons，explainedwhy the character is so popular.“Because Hello Kitty is all about happiness，friendship and fun.” 3．My first task was to decide where to go and how to get there. 4．Students can choose what/whateverthey want to do and register online. 5．Mr White is opposed to repairing the old building，and that’swhere I don’t agree. 6．The problem is thatone less hour of sleep is not equal to an extra hour of achievement. 7．Twenty-five years later the traveler returned to the same place.What he saw amazed him.He could not believe his own eyes. 8．Therefore，it is advisable thatyou should value and treat them with care. 9．The issue whetherthe measure will be in effect is still under discussion. 10．I asked him whathis father had done so that he became such a good person. 层级二 高考真题练 单句语法填空 1．Cobb，for her part，started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak whether/if she could do so remotely.(2022·浙江1月) 2．“He saved my son’s life，” said Mrs Brown.“I don’t know how to thank him.” (2022·新高考全国Ⅱ) 3．The poor woman wasn’t able to give him any information about where she lived.(2021·北京) 4．It seemed that I had becomewhat my parents had wanted me to be.(2021·天津6月) 5．What puzzles Lily’s friends is why/that she always has so many crazy ideas.(2021·天津3月) 6．Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on what could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.(2020·浙江7月) 7．It is not a problem whether/ifwe can win the battle；it’s just a matter of time.(2020·江苏) 8．The student completed this experiment to make come true what Professor Joseph had said.(2020·天津7月) 9．While they are rare north of 88°，there is evidence that they range all the way across the Arctic，and as far south as James Bay in Canada.(2019·全国Ⅰ) 10．The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race. (2018·天津6月) 层级三 语篇提能练 语法填空 1． worries my classmate Mary a lot these days is 2. she puts on too much weight and she is frequently ill.She has some doubts 3. she eats too much fast food high in fat or sugar.Also，with the College Entrance Examination approaching，she becomes more stressful and she can’t sleep well these days.Maybe this is 4. she becomes fatter these days，she thinks.5. she becomes slimmer and healthier has been her main task.So she wants to consult some experts and gain some instructions.But where she can get better suggestions and 6. will give her better advice also puzzle her.It is her parents’ suggestion 7.____ she should consult Professor Wang in Zhongshan Hospital.Professor Wang suggests 8._____ she keep a balanced diet first.She should eat vegetables and fruit high in fiber，vitamin and protein.What’s more，if she wants to lose weight，she had better take regular exercise more than half an hour a day.Mary asked Professor Wang 9. she should take exercise.Professor Wang advised her to take exercise at 5 o’clock in the afternoon.That is 10. she will have more time to do sports.It is with the help of Professor Wang that Mary has become much healthier now.
1．答案 What 解析 考查主语从句。分析句子可知，第一个空引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“什么，所……的”，故用what。位于句首，注意首字母大写。故填What。 2．答案 that 解析 考查表语从句。分析句子可知，is后面为表语从句，从句成分完整，因此用that引导，that无实际意义，在句中不作任何成分。故填that。 3．答案 whether 解析 考查同位语从句。分析句子可知，doubt后接的是同位语从句，从句说的是doubt的内容，从句中不缺少成分，缺少“是否”的意思，故填whether。 4．答案 why 解析 考查表语从句。分析句子可知，is后接的是表语从句，从句中不缺少成分，表示“……的原因”，故填why。 5．答案 How 解析 考查主语从句。分析句子可知，has been前为主语从句，根据句意，表示“如何，怎样”，需用how。位于句首，注意首字母大写。故填How。 6．答案 who 解析 考查主语从句。分析句子可知，空格处为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“谁”，故填who。 7．答案 that 解析 考查主语从句。分析句子可知，It为形式主语，真正的主语为空后的从句，从句中不缺少成分，且意义完整，故填that。 8．答案 that 解析 考查宾语从句。分析句子可知，suggests后接的是宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，且意义完整，故填that。 9．答案 when 解析 考查宾语从句。分析句子可知，ask接双宾语，空后为宾语从句，从句中缺少状语，根据下文可知此处表示“什么时间”，故填when。 10．答案 because 解析 考查表语从句。分析句子可知，is后接的是表语从句，从句中不缺少成分，表示“原因”，故填because。
1．what引导的名词性从句最显眼 (2022·浙江1月)更重要的是从那以后我们成了好朋友。 What’s far more importantis that we have become good friends since then. (2021·浙江6月)令我惊讶的是，我爸爸允许我按照我的意愿使用这笔钱。 What surprised me was that my dad allowed me to use the money as I wished. 2．同位语从句放在开头实力开篇 (2022·浙江1月)有一天，我听说他因患重病而住院了。 One day I got word that he was admitted to hospital for a serious disease. (2021·全国乙)没有人能否认在线学习正变得越来越流行这一事实。 No one can deny the fact that online learning is becoming more and more popular. 3．表语从句之前的连词要考虑周全 (2022·全国甲)我们必须采取措施来保护海洋的原因是它的污染正变得越来越严重。 The reason why we must take measures to protect the ocean is that its pollution is becoming more and more serious. (2021·北京)很抱歉，我不能按计划和你出去。原因是我弟弟前几天摔断了腿，我必须照顾他。 I’m sorry that I can’t go out with you as planned.The reason is that my younger brother broke his leg the other day and I must look after him. 4．That/This is because/why...灵活简练 (2022·全国乙)他们更容易沉迷于网上聊天或玩游戏，那是因为他们缺乏自律。 They’re more easily addicted to chatting online or playing games.That’s becausethey lack self-discipline. (2021·浙江6月)这个展览非常精彩，展示了中国文化的魅力。这就是为什么我想推荐我的同学们也来参加这个艺术展。 The exhibition is fantastic and shows the charm of Chinese culture.This is why I would like to recommend my fellow students to attend this art show as well. 5．注意名词性从句与虚拟语气的结合 (2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)我强烈建议你去参加校广播站英语节目《说说话》举办的访谈。 I strongly recommend thatyou should take part in an interview held by “Talk and Talk”，which is an English programme in our school broadcast station. (2021·上海)我建议你选择听说课程，因为这门课程完全是用中文教授的，这会对你有很大的好处。 I recommend that you (should) choose the Listening and Speaking course，because the course is entirely taught in Chinese，which will benefit you a lot. |
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