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阿拉伯国家是指以阿拉伯民族为主的国家。他们有统一的语言--阿拉伯语，有统一的文化和风俗习惯，绝大部分人信奉伊斯兰教。 阿拉伯国家和地区共有22个，总面积约1300多万平方千米，人口总数约3.39亿。阿拉伯国家主要分布在西亚，北非地区，包括巴勒斯坦、约旦、叙利亚、黎巴嫩、沙特阿拉伯、伊拉克、也门、科威特、阿联酋、卡塔尔、巴林、阿曼等12个西亚国家;阿尔及利亚、摩洛哥、突尼斯、利比亚、苏丹、埃及等6个北非国家;非洲西部的毛里塔尼亚;非洲东部的吉布提、索马里、科摩罗。需要特别说明的是:伊朗不是阿拉伯国家(主体民族为波斯人)，但与伊拉克同属于什叶派穆斯林掌权的国家。土耳其也不是阿拉伯国家(主体民族是土耳其人)。 阿拉伯国家总面积约1340万平方公里，约占世界总面积的9% 约3.39亿，约占世界总人口的5%，其中埃及人口最多(8171万)。(截至2007年7月，根据CIA WORLD FACTBOOK 2008数据统计) 公元前8世纪，阿拉伯半岛南部就出现了早期的阿拉伯国家。 7世纪，穆罕默德创立伊斯兰教，统一了阿拉伯半岛。随后，阿拉伯统治者逐步建立了横跨亚、非、欧三大洲的阿拉伯帝国。阿拉伯帝国于11世纪初解体，此后历经塞尔柱土克曼人(11-12世纪)、蒙古人(13-14世纪)、奥斯曼土耳其人(14-20世纪初)的统治。 17世纪起，阿拉伯世界逐渐沦为西方资本主义列强的殖民地和半殖民地。第一次世界大战后奥斯曼帝国瓦解，埃及、沙特、伊拉克、阿曼等少数国家获得形式上的独立。二战后，阿拉伯国家民族解放运动兴起，阿拉伯国家相继取得民族独立。1988年，巴勒斯坦宣布建国，定都耶路撒冷，成为倒数第二个建国的阿拉伯国家。阿拉伯国家政治体制各异。现有7个君主制国家，其中沙特和阿曼实行君主专制，约旦、科威特、巴林、卡塔尔和摩洛哥实行君主立宪制。其余15个阿拉伯国家实行共和制，均为总统制，其中多数国家建立了领导社会政治生活的政党和集权的国家政治体制，如埃及、叙利亚、也门等;黎巴嫩实行分权制总统制;伊拉克、阿联酋实行联邦制。 The Arab world is considered an area of the world that encompasses the region from the Atlantic Ocean near northern Africa east to the Arabian Sea. Its northern boundary is at the Mediterranean Sea, while the southern portion extends to the Horn of Africa and the Indian Ocean (map). In general, this area is tied together as a region because all of the countries within it are Arabic-speaking. Some of the countries list Arabic as their only official language, while others speak it, in addition to other languages. UNESCO identifies 23 Arab countries, while the Arab League—a regional multi-national organization of Arabic-speaking countries that was formed in 1945—has 22 members. The one state listed by UNESCO that is not part of the Arab League is Malta and is marked for easier recognition by an asterisk (*). The following is a list of all these nations arranged in alphabetical order, including each country's population and language information. All population and language data were obtained from the CIA World Factbook and are from July 2018. 1) Algeria 2) Bahrain 3) Comoros 4) Djibouti 5) Egypt 6) Iraq 7) Jordan 8) Kuwait 9) Lebanon 10) Libya 11) Malta* 12) Mauritania 13) Morocco 14) Oman 15) Palestine (recognized as an independent country by UNESCO and Arab League but not recognized by CIA) 16) Qatar 17) Saudi Arabia 18) Somalia 19) Sudan 20) Syria 21) Tunisia 22) United Arab Emirates 23) Yemen Note: Wikipedia lists the Palestinian Authority—an administrative organization which governs parts of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip—as an Arab state. Similarly, UNESCO lists Palestine as one of the Arab states and the State of Palestine is a member of the Arab League. However, the CIA World Factbook does not recognize it as an actual state and the population and language data are therefore from other sources. On the other hand, the CIA lists Western Sahara as an independent country, with a population of 619,551 and languages such as Hassaniya Arabic and Moroccan Arabic. Yet, UNESCO and the Arab League don't recognize it as a country of its own, considering it a part of Morocco |
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