麻醉学案例 Case 34
01. the lower esophageal sphincter 食管下括约肌 esophagus [iːˈsɒfəɡəs] n.食道；食管 a muscular tube that conveys food from the mouth to the stomach and that in humans is about nine inches (23 centimeters) long and passes from the pharynx ([ˈfærɪŋks] n.咽) down the neck between the trachea ([trəˈkiːə] n.气管) and the spinal column (n.脊柱) and behind the left bronchus ([ˈbrɒŋkəs] n.支气管) where it pierces the diaphragm ([ˈdaɪəfræm] n.膈) slightly to the left of the middle line and joins the cardiac end of the stomach → esophageal [ˌi:sə'fædʒɪəl] adj.【解】食管的 sphincter [ˈsfɪŋktə(r)] n.括约肌 an annular (['ænjələ(r)] adj.环状的) muscle surrounding and able to contract or close a bodily opening The esophagus has two functional sphincters, the upper and lower esophageal sphincters. The upper esophageal sphincter (UES) is a high-pressure zone at the transition of the pharynx and the cervical esophagus. The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is a high-pressure zone located where the esophagus meets the stomach and protects the esophagus from the reflux of gastric contents.
02. curvature [ˈkɜː(r)vətʃə(r)] n.弯曲；曲度 the state of being curved; the amount that sth is curved // There is a natural curvature in the neck, a lordosis ([lɔː'dəʊsɪs] n.脊柱前凸), and you can lose that and develop something called flat neck syndrome. 颈部前生有一处弯曲，一处前凸， 这个前凸可能会消失，同时你也会患上平颈综合征。 03. aspiration [.æspɪ'reɪʃ(ə)n] n.吸入，呼吸（吸气） a drawing of something in, out, up, or through by or as if by suction: such as a : the act of breathing and especially of breathing in b. : the withdrawal (as by suction) of fluid or tissue from the body // aspiration pneumonia 吸入性肺炎  04. parturient [pɑː'tjʊərɪənt] adj.产子的；临产的 bringing forth or about to bring forth young; of or relating to parturition ([ˌpɑ:tjʊ'rɪʃn] n.分娩) → non-parturient：Having never given birth. 05. hormonal [hɔ:'məʊnl] adj.激素；生理的 of, relating to, utilizing, or produced by hormones 06. susceptible [sə'septəb(ə)l] adj.敏感；易受影响（或伤害等）open, subject, or unresistant to some stimulus, influence, or agency 07. venous plexus un.静脉丛 08. cephalad ['sefəˌlæd] adv.【动,解】头向 toward the head or anterior end of the body. Cephalad comes from the Greek word "kephale" meaning "head." → caudad ['kɔːdæd] adv.【动,解】向尾；在后部 directed toward or situated in or near the tail or posterior part of the body Caudad and cephalad are directional terms
used in medical language to describe the position of a structure in relation to
another structure. Caudad refers to a position closer to the tail or feet, while
cephalad refers to a position closer to the head. 09. intervillous [ɪntə'vɪləs] adj.绒毛间的 situated or occurring between villi (villus [ˈvɪlʌs] n.【解】绒毛) 10. transmit [trænz'mɪt] v.发射；传送；传输 to cause (something, such as light or force) to pass or be conveyed through space or a medium 11. traverse [trəˈvɜː(r)s] v.穿过；横过 to go or travel across or over；to move or pass along or through 12. autoregulation [ɔ:təʊreɡjʊ'leɪʃn] n.自身调节 the maintenance of relative constancy of a physiological process by a bodily part or system under varying conditions, especially : the maintenance of a constant supply of blood to an organ in spite of varying arterial pressure 13. acidosis [ˌæsɪ'dəʊsɪs] n.【医】酸中毒 an abnormal condition characterized by reduced alkalinity ([ˌælkə'lɪnəti] n.碱度；碱性) of the blood and of the body tissues // Low levels of bicarbonate can cause metabolic acidosis with deep and labored breathing called Kussmaul breathing. 低水平的碳酸氢盐会导致代谢性酸中毒，伴随深大呼吸，称为Kussmaul呼吸。→ respiratory acidosis 呼吸性酸中毒  14. equilibrium [ˌiːkwɪˈlɪbriəm] n.平衡；均衡 a state of balance, especially between opposing forces or influences // I close my eyes and take a deep, purifying my breath, trying to recover what’s left of my equilibrium. 我闭上双眼，深吸一口气，让自己清醒过来，试图恢复内心的平静。→ equilibrize, equilibrate [ˌi:kwɪ'laɪbreɪt] v.平衡；使平衡 // Its temperate equilibrates with body temperature, regardless of the temperature on the outside. 不管外界温度如何，吸入气体的温度与体温相平衡。 18. photophobia [ˌfəʊtə'fəʊbɪə] n.【医】畏光intolerance to light, especially : painful sensitiveness to strong light -phobia [ˈfoʊbiə] n.恐怖症phobia = dislike,fear 厌恶，怕. 来源于希腊语 phobos 怕 |
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