北京市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末考试英语试卷学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________一
、完形填空Lara Harrison has always had a complicated relationship with
her father. Several times, Harrison felt she’d reached her break
ing point and 1 her dad for months. Still, she couldn’t 2 him.
Small actions showed he cared though he remained difficult to get
close to: he went out of his way to 3 with tasks such as repair
ing her office. Harrison wanted the relationship to improve.As he
r father reached his 70s, she realized that if they were going to
re-establish 4, they could not waste time. She made a conscious
decision to change her 5 to him. If he was being moody during t
heir time together, she’d end their interaction by thanking him f
or the visit and giving him a hug — something that wasn’t typical
for them. The small interventions 6; he became kinder each visi
t, and his moods became 7. Eventually he began reaching out to h
er, texting to ask, “How are you?” or saying he was proud of her,
something she’d always longed to hear.Rebuilding trust with her
father ultimately helped her to engage in 8. She realized she co
uld also be stubborn when she felt 9, and that her negative conn
ection to her father made her less trusting of other people in he
r life. “I never allowed myself to dive deeply into relationships
. At the first sight of a challenge, I would blame others, get an
gry or leave. The effort it takes to be constantly on guard is ex
hausting,” she says. “It reminds you of life’s happy moments.” To
day, she’s thankful to be able to approach others more 10 and wi
th an open heart.Trust is one of the most important elements of a
safe, fulfilling and well-functioning relationship. However, it
often isn’t until something hurtful happens — a spouse cheats on
you; a boss makes fun of you in front of colleagues — that we thi
nk about trust; we don’t notice it until it’s broken.1．A．offended
B．abusedC．avoidedD．approached2．A．abandonB．findC．helpD．please3．A．h
elp outB．set outC．make outD．work out4．A．connectionB．trustC．contac
tD．love5．A．solutionsB．responsesC．attitudesD．secrets6．A．ranB．worke
dC．performedD．operated7．A．violentB．calmC．stableD．rough8．A．self-co
nfidenceB．self-respectC．self-relianceD．self-reflection9．A．threate
nedB．disturbedC．suspectedD．recognized10．A．determinedlyB．enthusias
ticallyC．lovinglyD．amusedly二、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空
白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Most of us claim we don''t h
ave time for exercise. However, many experts say that exercise pl
ays an important role in making our body healthy. Being 11( phys
ical) active offers many advantages. As a physical reward, exerci
se can reduce weight and the risk of heart disease. Exercise also
12 ( bring) good effects mentally. It can make us feel refres
hed and happy, helping us increase our life quality. Actually, ex
ercise can be done in simple 13 ( way). For example, we can tak
e the stairs rather than the lift. Overall, it''s hard to find tim
e to exercise in our busy lives, but every little bit helps.阅读下列短
文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Festival
s are an important part of society. They reflect people''s 14 (wi
sh), beliefs, faiths and so on. They are occasions that allow us
to relax and enjoy life. They help us understand 15 we came from
, who we are, and what to appreciate. And if you study festivals
16 (careful), you may be surprised to find that different cultur
es have a lot in common after all.阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1
个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。In most big cities, it is easier
to hire a taxi at a moment’s notice when the weather is good. Bu
t when it’s raining, people have a much harder time 17(find) one
. One obvious reason is that many people who walk short distances
during good weather prefer to take a taxi in the rain. 18, taxi
s tend to be more fully occupied on rainy days. Besides, the supp
ly of available taxis is also smaller because taxi drivers can 1
9 (easy) reach the target fares and go home early.三、阅读理解There’s n
o place like home—a place to put your feet up, relax and be yours
elf. But a brand new full-service private rental property named H
omestead is redefining(重新定义) modern living, making you feel at ho
me.Freed from the small stuffRight from moving in, convenience is
built into the process, with fully-furnished, high-quality apart
ments available for residents and access to all facilities of Hom
estead and Wi-Fi included in monthly rental cost. Feel at homeNot
only are Homestead’s apartments beautifully designed and furnish
ed to create a sense of relaxation and luxury, but the shared spa
ces for residents to use and socialise in—from the inviting recep
tion area to the landscaped roof garden and stylish private dinin
g rooms—all reflect a contemporary, high-quality reimagining of w
hat renting ought to be. Make hybrid work really workAs hybrid wo
rk, which focuses on the flexibility of working, is part of our l
ives now, the opportunity to shift between workspaces with ease i
s critical. Start the day catching up on emails in a stylishly-de
signed co-working space steps away from your front door, before t
aking calls on the outside platform or travel into your employer’
s office when you need to.Be a people personLiving at Homestead m
eans joining a community of like-minded people. Whether you meet
neighbours on the roof garden or in the cinema room, or choose to
network in the co-working space, making friends couldn’t be more
straightforward.Tap here for helpful services They say there’s a
n app for everything—and in this case, there is an app with every
thing. The Homestead App gives you quick access to a range of boo
kable services, from ordering takeaway to dog walking to cleaning
services—all right on your doorstep, meaning more time to actual
ly enjoy the rest of your day.Visit Homestead and discover how fu
ll-service rental lets you make the most of homelike living.20．Wh
at is the purpose of the passage?A．To inform us of rental service
s.B．To advertise a rental property.C．To report on a different lif
estyle.D．To sell multi-functional apartments.21．How does Homestea
d make hybrid work easier for its residents?A．By offering shared
working spaces.B．By giving access to bookable services.C．By suppl
ying a full set of office equipment.D．By providing training to im
prove efficiency.22．What can we know from the passage?A．Residents
can live an old-fashioned life.B．Homestead saves residents from
buying furniture.C．Residents are required to join a social commun
ity.D．Homestead charges residents extra fee for using Wi-Fi.One d
ay, when I was going to check in at an airport, I noticed there w
as a big problem. The counter person was telling everyone that al
l the planes were having problems and they would not be able to f
ly! And it was suggested that a bus would be provided to take us
to Seattle. Everyone was worried, as we only had an hour and a ha
lf to make the connecting flight, and the bus was not even at the
airport yet.Finally, the bus pulled up, and the driver said, “Th
ey just pulled me out of bed after an all-night shift, and they e
xpect me to get you to Seattle in time to catch your fight. Good
luck!”Needless to say, everyone was in a really bad mood. I was l
oading my baggage into the bus and had hung my banjo (班卓琴) over m
y back when the bus driver said, “What? Are you going to play tha
t on my bus?” “Well, I really did not plan on it,” I replied.“I w
as only kidding,”said the driver. But I started thinking about it
, and I pulled out the banjo. A worried, angry woman said, “Well,
what if I don’t like it?” “Then tell me and I’ll stop,” I replie
d.We drove off, and the tension made the atmosphere inside the bu
s horrendous! Then I started performing the old standard Blue Ski
es. In a few minutes, I noticed everyone was singing along. I sta
rted to sing, too, and before long, the whole bus burst into song
.One song led to another. Everyone laughed and sang, with food pa
ssed around the bus, and before long, the airport was in sight.Th
e bus driver called, “We made it! We never would have done it wit
hout the help of our banjo player.” Shouts of approval rang throu
gh the bus. People exchanged addresses and invitations to visit,
and a few even exchanged hugs.A few weeks later, my mailbox was f
illed with letters from my new friends. Their letters reminded me
of how, by reaching out with just a song or a bit of friendship,
you can turn a very tense situation into a peaceful experience.2
3．What can we learn from paragraph 2?A．The driver was glad to tak
e them to Seattle.B．The driver was too tired to send them to Seat
tle.C．The driver was late because he just came off the night shif
t.D．The driver thought they would have difficulty making it to Se
attle.24．What does the underlined word “horrendous” in paragraph
4 mean?A．Boring.B．Strange.C．Terrible.D．Cheerful.25．What is the te
xt mainly about?A．A great banjo play.B．A wonderful musical bus ri
de.C．The amazing friendship on a bus.D．An unforgettable experienc
e at the airport.The start-up that attracted the largest investme
nt in the history of cybersecurity, of more than half a billion d
ollars, has a simple goal: a passwordless future. Despite the spr
ead of password management software that can generate and remembe
r complicated strings of random characters, some of the most comm
on passwords are still “12345”, “password” and “iloveyou”. As a r
esult, more than 80 percent of hacks involve these kinds of passw
ords; and passwords remain the most sought-after data by hackers,
above other personal or sensitive information. In many cases, in
dividuals are tricked into handing over password details by phish
ing emails and other social engineering techniques. Hackers have
sought to break into apps and steal entire password databases as
well. Passwords are also under attack from new technology, such a
s automated programs that can rapidly try to guess them, or can t
ry stolen passwords on multiple online accounts. Since the need t
o replace the easily forgotten and highly hackable strings of let
ters and numbers that we use to access everyday life has become e
ven more urgent, the race to replace the password is under way, w
ith biometric-based (基于生物识别的) security emerging as one of the mos
t sought-after solutions. According to Tieo, a union of more than
250 companies, which promotes a standard system of passwordless
authentication (身份验证), the vast majority of consumer services wil
l offer passwordless login systems in the next couple of years. “
If done correctly and safely, biometrics are really helping us mo
ve to a passwordless future in a rapid manner,” said Andrew Jenki
nson, CEO of Tieo. But there are still risks associated with the
use of biometric authentication. Unlike passwords, biometrics can
not be changed. This means such data must be closely guarded for
privacy purposes and to prevent spoofing—hackers trying to trick
cameras or sensors with photos, or masks of their victim. “Biomet
ric authentication and passwordless authentication has its own at
tack surface,” said Paul Smith, director of security research at
CyberPek. His team revealed that it had found a design problem wh
ich would allow potential attackers to bypass facial recognition
login by injecting a spoofed photo of a user’s face into the proc
ess. The biggest obstacle standing in the way of the start-ups ho
ping to kill the password is how to change years of habit. Eric B
rown, founder of TAK Cyber, a cyber research and advisory company
, argued that while sensitive applications may rapidly shift from
passwords, other websites have less motivation to update their s
ystems. “You’ll never get rid of them,” he said. “We’re never goi
ng to get to the post-password era.”26．What is the third paragrap
h mainly about?A．Why passwords are the most sought-after data.B．H
ow passwords are stolen by phishing emails.C．How passwords have c
aused us trouble.D．Why passwords are difficult to secure.27．What
can we infer from the passage?A．Facial recognition login is the k
ey to fighting hackers.B．Biometric authentication has its own set
of problems.C．TAK Cyber’s login system guarantees the safety of
data.D．Spoofing brings more problems than automated programs.28．W
hat is Eric Brown’s attitude towards a passwordless future?A．Indi
fferent.B．Passionate.C．Pessimistic.D．Objective.29．Which would be
the best title for the passage?A．Biometric authentication: passwo
rd security solution!B．Start-ups race to welcome a passwordless f
utureC．The argument to end passwords has begunD．Killing the passw
ord: a cure or a fantasy?四、阅读表达阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Tips for Deal
ing with Seasonal Affective DisorderSeasonal affective disorder (
SAD) is a type of depression that sets in or starts in the winter
months. Unlike other types of depression, it may improve as spri
ng comes on. It is often a periodic recurring disorder—you’ll fee
l depressed every winter and begin to feel better each spring. SA
D depression is caused by lowered levels of serotonin, the mood-a
ffecting brain chemical that is caused by seasonal changes in day
light. Shorter days may also disrupt the body’s biological clock,
which upsets the balance of melatonin, the hormone which regulat
es mood and sleep patterns.Seasonal affective disorder is far mor
e common in northern climates, where days can be very short in wi
nter. SAD affects more women than men and is more likely to occur
in people under age 40 than those older than that.Although any a
mount of outdoor light can help raise serotonin levels, getting l
ight in the morning seems to offer the most benefit. If the weath
er permits, take a walk. In your home or office, try sitting clos
e to a window that faces south. Replacing light bulbs in your hom
e with full spectrum light bulbs can help because they give out l
ight similar to sunlight.Studies have shown that increasing your
exercise routine can counteract SAD．Exercise raises levels of ser
otonin. Moderate exercise, which means neither too much nor too l
ittle exercise, such as walking, riding a stationary bike or swim
ming is a great way to get started. But any activities that raise
your heart rate, including daily chores, can help, especially if
you can do them outdoors or near a sunny window. Yoga, jogging a
nd Tai chi can all help lift your mood.Year-end panic refers to t
he self-blame and overall feeling of panic brought about by the a
pproach of the year’s end, often due to a poor financial year and
pressure from work and family. Psychological experts suggest tha
t we should avoid peer competition. While regretting for the fail
ed plans in the past year, you can still make resolution to do it
better in the coming year.30．According to the passage, what is S
AD?31．Who are more likely to suffer from SAD?32．Please decide whi
ch part of the following statement is false, then underline it an
d explain why.Increasing exercise routine can fight against SAD,
and people should do a large amount of exercise to get started.33
．Seasons bring not only depression but also happiness. Which seas
on can cheer you up? And why? (In about 40 words)五、建议信34．根据题目所提出的
具体要求，在答题卡上写出一篇连贯完整的短文。假如你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter来信向你咨询如何才能学好中文。请你根据以下提示给他
回信。1. take a Chinese course2. learn and sing Chinese songs...注意：1
.词数不少于60。2.信的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。Dear Peter,I'' m glad to receive you
r letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well.______
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________Looking forw
ard to hearing from you soon!Yours,Li Hua参考答案1．C 2．A 3．A
4．B 5．B 6．B 7．C 8．D 9．A 10．C【导语】本文是篇夹叙夹议文。Lara
Harrison最初与父亲相处困难、关系紧张；后来经过努力，尝试改变方法，最终与父亲之间建立了信任，父女关系也逐渐变得和睦融洽。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有几次，Lara觉得自己已经到了崩溃的边缘，几个月来一直躲着父亲。A. offended 冒犯；B.
abused 辱骂、虐待；C. avoided 避免、避开；D. approached 接近。根据前文“ a complicate
d relationship with her father”和句中“breaking point”可知，Lara与父亲之间关系复
杂、难以处理，让她很崩溃，所以她应该是害怕与父亲相处，避开不见他。故选C。2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不过，她还是不可能抛弃他。A
. abandon 抛弃、丢弃；B. find 发现、找到；C. help 帮助；D. please 使高兴、使满意。根据前文“a
voided her dad for months”可知，Lara几个月以来一直躲着父亲，但是作为女儿她不可能抛弃自己的父亲，所以
“abandon”符合语境。故选A。3．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他不厌其烦地帮她做一些事情，比如修理她的办公室。A. help o
ut 帮助……摆脱困难；help out with 帮忙做；B. set out 出发、动身；C. make out 理解；d.
work out 解决、计算出。根据前文“Small actions showed he cared”可知，Lara父亲的一些小的
行为显示了他还是很关心女儿的，所以他会帮助女儿做一些小的事情，故“help out with tasks”符合句意。故选A。4．考
查名词词义辨析。句意：当她父亲70多岁时，她意识到，如果他们想重新建立信任，就不能浪费时间。A. connection 联系；B.
trust 信任；C. contact 联系；D. love 爱。根据第三段“Rebuilding trust with her
father ultimately helped her”可知，Lara最终和父亲重新建立了信任；而且下文中多次提到“trust
”，所以这里应该是想要与父亲重新建立信任。故选B。5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她有意识地决定改变对他的回应。A. solution
s 解决办法；B. responses 回应、反应；C. attitudes 态度；D. secrets 秘密。根据下一句“ If
he was being moody during their time together, she’d end their i
nteraction by thanking him for the visit and giving him a hug — s
omething that wasn’t typical for them”（如果他们在一起的时候他情绪不好，她会以感谢他的来访并
给他一个拥抱的方式来结束他们的互动—这对他们来说并不常见）可知，当父亲情绪不好时，Lara会用感谢及拥抱这种以前不用的方式来回应他
，所以这里是决定改变对父亲的回应。故选B。6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种小做法奏效了。A. ran 跑步；B. worked 工
作、奏效；C. performed 表演、执行；D. operated 做手术、运营。根据下一句“he became kinder
each visit, ”可知，我改变方法后，每次去看父亲，他都变得更加和蔼了，说明我的做法有了效果。故选B。7．考查形容词词义
辨析。句意：他的情绪变得稳定了。A. violent 暴力的；B. calm 平静的；C. stable 稳定的；D. rough
粗糙的、粗暴的。根据前文的“ If he was being moody ”和上一句“he became kinder each
visit, ”可知，父亲以前情绪会不稳定，而Lara改变方法后，父亲变得更加和蔼了，所以情绪也就变得稳定了。故选C。8．考查名
词词义辨析。句意：重建与父亲之间的信任最终帮助她进行了自我反省。A. self-confidence 自信；B. self-res
pect 自尊、自重；C. self-reliance 自力更生；D. self-reflection 自我反省。根据下一句“Sh
e realized she could also be stubborn”可知，Lara意识到了自己存在的问题，说明她对自己的行
为进行了反思，所以“self-reflection”符合语境。故选D。9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她意识到，当她感到受到威胁时，她
也会变得固执。A. threatened 被威胁；B. disturbed 被打扰；C. suspected 被怀疑；D. rec
ognized 被认可；被承认。根据下文“ At the first sight of a challenge, I would
blame others, get angry or leave. ”（一看到挑战，我就会责怪别人，生气或者离开。）可知，Lara
以前一遇到让自己感到有威胁的事情就会有负面的行为；直到前文提到的“She made a conscious decision to
change her responses to him. ”，她才决定改变，说明她之前一直是固执地坚持这种行为的；结合上一句中“
helped her to engage in self-reflection”可知，Lara对自己过去的行为进行了反省，意识到她
过去当感到受到威胁时，就会很固执地有一些负面的表现。故选A。10．考查副词词义辨析。句意：今天，她很感激能够更加满怀爱意地、敞开心
扉地接近他人。A. determinedly 决然地；B. enthusiastically 热情地；C. lovingly 亲切
地、钟爱地；D. amusedly 愉快地。根据前文的“I would blame others, get angry or le
ave. ”可知，Lara以前很容易责备他人，或是动怒，远离他人；而现在她有了改变，根据句中“with an open heart
”可知，Lara可以对他人敞开心扉，所以也应该是亲切地、充满爱意地接近他人。故选C。11．physically 12．bri
ngs 13．ways【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了锻炼的益处很多，而且可以通过简单的方式完成，每做一些锻炼都会有帮助。
11．考查副词。句意：保持身体活跃益处很多。分析句子成分可知，active是形容词作表语，需使用副词作状语修饰，因此使用physi
cal的副词形式physically。故填physically。12．考查主谓一致。句意：锻炼也能带来精神上的益处。分析句子成分可
知，句中缺少谓语动词，且主语为第三人称单数形式，因此谓语动词应使用bring的第三人称单数形式brings。故填brings。13
．考查名词复数。句意：事实上锻炼可以通过简单的方式来完成。分析句子结构并翻译语境可知，way被simple修饰，无定冠词限定，因此
使用way的复数形式ways。故填ways。14．wishes 15．where 16．carefully【导语】这是
一篇说明文。文章介绍了节日的重要性。14．考查名词的数。句意：节日反映了人们的愿望、信仰、信念等等。由空后名词“beliefs,
faiths”可知，空处名词需用复数，泛指人们的各种愿望。故填wishes。15．考查宾语从句。句意：它们帮助我们理解我们从哪里来
，我们是谁，以及应该欣赏什么。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导宾语从句；根据空后“we came from”可知，此处指地点，
所以空处需用连接副词where引导宾语从句。故填where。16．考查副词。句意：如果你仔细研究节日，你可能会惊讶地发现不同的文化
有很多共同点。分析句子结构可知，空处需用副词作状语修饰动词study；careful的副词为carefully“仔细地”。故填ca
refully。17．finding 18．So/Therefore/Thus 19．easily【分析】本文是一篇说
明文，分析了在雨天很难打到出租车的原因。17．考查非谓语动词。句意：但是在雨天，人们很难打到出租车。have a hard tim
e (in) doing表示“ 做……有困难”，故填finding。18．考查副词/连词。句意：因此，在雨天，乘坐出租车的人更多。
根据句意可知“人们喜欢在雨天打车”与“在雨天，乘坐出租车的人更多”是因果关系，此处表示结果，故填So/Therefore/Thus
。19．考查副词。句意：此外，拉客的出租车也较少，因为很多出租车司机赚够了钱提前回家了。修饰动词reach用副词，故填easily
。20．B 21．A 22．B【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要是私人租赁物业Homestead的广告20．推理判断题
。根据第一段“But a brand new full-service private rental property named
Homestead is redefining(重新定义) modern living, making you feel at
home. (但一个全新的全方位服务的私人租赁物业Homestead正在重新定义现代生活，让你有宾至如归的感觉。)”和最后一段“V
isit Homestead and discover how full-service rental lets you make
the most of homelike living.(访问Homestead，了解全方位服务租赁如何让您充分利用家般的生活。
)可知，文章主要是私人租赁物业Homestead的广告，即文章的目的是为出租物业做广告。故选B。21．细节理解题。根据Make h
ybrid work really work中的“As hybrid work, which focuses on the fle
xibility of working, is part of our lives now, the opportunity to
shift between workspaces with ease is critical. (随着注重工作灵活性的混合工作成
为我们生活的一部分，在不同工作空间之间轻松转换的机会至关重要。)”可知，Homestead通过提供共享工作空间让居民的混合工作更容
易。故选A。22．细节理解题。根据Feel at home中的“Not only are Homestead’s apartmen
ts beautifully designed and furnished to create a sense of relaxa
tion and luxury, but the shared spaces for residents to use and s
ocialise in—from the inviting reception area to the landscaped ro
of garden and stylish private dining rooms—all reflect a contempo
rary, high-quality reimagining of what renting ought to be. (Home
stead的公寓不仅设计精美，家具齐全，营造出一种放松和奢华的感觉，而且居民使用和社交的共享空间——从诱人的接待区到景观化的屋顶花
园和时尚的私人餐厅——都反映了对租房应有的当代高质量的重新想象。)”可知，Homestead使居民不用购买家具。故选B。23．C
24．C 25．B【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者通过美妙的音乐，缓解了紧张的气氛，最终大家顺利乘坐巴士到达机场
。23．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Finally, the bus pulled up, and the driver said
, “They just pulled me out of bed after an all-night shift, and t
hey expect me to get you to Seattle in time to catch your fight.
Good luck!” (最后，公共汽车停了下来，司机说：“他们刚把我从床上拉起来，我上了一整夜的班，他们希望我能及时把您送到西雅
图，赶上您的航班。祝您好运!”)”可知，司机迟到了，因为他刚下夜班。故选C。24．词句猜测题。根据上文“Needless to s
ay, everyone was in a really bad mood. (不用说，每个人的心情都很糟糕。)”可知，划线词所在
的句子意思是：我们开车离开了，紧张的气氛使车内的气氛变得可怕！由此可知，horrendous意为“可怕的”。故选C。25．主旨大意
题。通读全文，文章主要讲述作者通过美妙的音乐，缓解了紧张的登机气氛，最终大家顺利乘坐巴士到达机场，所以“一次美妙的音乐巴士之旅”可
以作为文章标题。故选B。26．D 27．B 28．C 29．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了很多公司投入到
无密码的研究中，但是其中还有许多问题需要解决。26．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“In many cases, individuals
are tricked into handing over password details by phishing email
s and other social engineering techniques.?Hackers have sought to
break into apps and steal entire password databases as well.?Pas
swords are also under attack from new technology, such as automat
ed programs that can rapidly try to guess them, or can try stolen
passwords on multiple online accounts.(在许多情况下，个人通过网络钓鱼邮件和其他社会工程技
术被骗提供密码细节。黑客还试图侵入应用程序，窃取整个密码数据库。密码也受到新技术的攻击，比如自动程序可以快速猜测密码，或者在多个在
线账户上尝试窃取密码)”可知，第三段主要讲为什么密码很难保护。故选D项。27．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“But there a
re still risks associated with the use of biometric authenticatio
n.?Unlike passwords, biometrics cannot be changed.?This means suc
h data must be closely guarded for privacy purposes and to preven
t spoofing—hackers trying to trick cameras or sensors with photos
, or masks of their victim.?“Biometric authentication and passwor
dless authentication has its own attack surface,” said Paul Smith
, director of security research at CyberPek.?His team revealed th
at it had found a design problem which would allow potential atta
ckers to bypass facial recognition login by injecting a spoofed p
hoto of a user’s face into the process.(但使用生物特征认证仍然存在风险。与密码不同，生物识
别是无法更改的。这意味着出于隐私的考虑，这些数据必须被严密保护，以防止黑客试图用受害者的照片或面具来欺骗摄像头或传感器。Cyber
Pek安全研究主管保罗?史密斯（Paul Smith）表示:“生物特征认证和无密码认证都有自己的攻击面。”他的团队透露，他们发现了
一个设计问题，即潜在的攻击者可以通过在登录过程中注入伪造的用户面部照片来绕过面部识别登录)”可知，生物识别认证有其自身的问题。故选
B项。28．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Eric Brown, founder of TAK Cyber, a cyber res
earch and advisory company, argued that while sensitive applicati
ons may rapidly shift from passwords, other websites have less mo
tivation to update their systems. “You’ll never get rid of them,”
he said.?“We’re never going to get to the post-password era.””(网
络研究和咨询公司TAK Cyber的创始人埃里克?布朗（Eric Brown）认为，尽管敏感应用程序可能很快就不再使用密码，但其他
网站就没有动力更新它们的系统。“你永远也摆脱不了他们，”他说。“我们永远不会进入后密码时代。”)”可知，埃里克·布朗对无密码的未来
并不看好，持悲观态度。故选C项。29．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The start-up that attracted the la
rgest investment in the history of cybersecurity, of more than ha
lf a billion dollars, has a simple goal: a passwordless future.(这
家初创公司吸引了网络安全史上最大的投资，超过5亿美元，它的目标很简单:一个无密码的未来)”以及第四段“Since the need
to replace the easily forgotten and highly hackable strings of l
etters and numbers that we use to access everyday life has become
even more urgent, the race to replace the password is under way,
with biometric-based security emerging as one of the most sought
-after solutions.(由于替换我们用来访问日常生活的容易忘记且极易被黑客入侵的字母和数字字符串的需求变得更加迫切，替
换密码的竞赛正在进行中，基于生物识别的安全技术成为最受欢迎的解决方案之一)”可知，本文主要讲很多公司都投入到无密码研究中，再根据倒
数第二段中“But there are still risks associated with the use of biomet
ric authentication.?Unlike passwords, biometrics cannot be change
d.?This means such data must be closely guarded for privacy purpo
ses and to prevent spoofing—hackers trying to trick cameras or se
nsors with photos, or masks of their victim.(但使用生物特征认证仍然存在风险。与密码不
同，生物识别是无法更改的。这意味着出于隐私的考虑，这些数据必须被严密保护，以防止黑客试图用受害者的照片或面具来欺骗摄像头或传感器)
”以及最后一段中“The biggest obstacle standing in the way of the start-up
s hoping to kill the password is how to change years of habit.(对于
那些希望消灭密码的初创企业来说，最大的障碍是如何改变多年来的习惯)”可知，无密码研究中还存在许多问题，到底能不能达到，我们并不知道
，所以D项“Killing the password: a cure or a fantasy?(消除密码：治愈还是幻想？)”是本
文最好的标题。故选D项。30．It is Seasonal affective disorder/It is a type of
depression that sets in or starts in the winter months./It is a t
ype of depression that sets in or starts in the winter months, an
d may improve as spring comes on. 31．Women and people under ag
e 40./SAD affects more women than men and is more likely to occur
in people under age 40 than those older than that./People with l
owered levels of serotonin. 32．Increasing exercise routine can
fight against SAD, and people should do a large amount of exerci
se to get started. According to the passage, moderate exercise is
a great way to get started. But people shouldn’t do too much exe
rcise in the beginning. 33．Spring can cheer me up because it’s
neither too cold nor too hot. First, spring can relieve the blea
k feeling of winter. Besides, spring gives people a hopeful sense
of recovery. Finally, There are many flowers that bloom in sprin
g, which are very beautiful.【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了季节性情绪紊乱症这种疾病，以及应对建
议。30．考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a type of
depression that sets in or starts in the winter months. Unlike o
ther types of depression, it may improve as spring comes on.(季节性情
绪紊乱症（SAD）是一种发生在或开始于冬季的抑郁症。与其他类型的抑郁症不同，它可能会随着春天的到来而改善)”可知，SAD是一种发生
在或开始于冬季的抑郁症。/这是一种在冬季开始的抑郁症，并且可能会随着春天的到来而改善。故答案为It is Seasonal aff
ective disorder/It is a type of depression that sets in or starts
in the winter months./It is a type of depression that sets in or
starts in the winter months, and may improve as spring comes on.
31．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“SAD affects more women than men and is more like
ly to occur in people under age 40 than those older than that.(女性
比男性更容易患SAD，40岁以下的人比40岁以上的人更容易患SAD)”可知，容易患SAD的人有：妇女和40岁以下的人。 SAD影响
的女性比男性多，40岁以下的人比40岁以上的人更有可能发生。血清素水平较低的人。故答案为Women and people unde
r age 40./SAD affects more women than men and is more likely to o
ccur in people under age 40 than those older than that./People wi
th lowered levels of serotonin.32．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中“Exercise raises
levels of serotonin. Moderate exercise, which means neither too
much nor too little exercise, such as walking, riding a stationar
y bike or swimming is a great way to get started.(运动可以提高血清素的水平。适度
的运动，也就是既不要做太多也不要做太少的运动，比如走路、骑健身车或游泳都是很好的开始方式)”可知，错误的部分为“people sh
ould do a large amount of exercise to get started”，根据这篇文章，适度的锻炼是一
个开始的好方法。但是人们不应该在开始的时候做太多的运动。故答案为Increasing exercise routine can f
ight against SAD, and people should do a large amount of exercise
to get started. According to the passage, moderate exercise is a
great way to get started. So people shouldn’t do too much exerci
se in the beginning.33．本题为开放性题目，言之有理即可。题干：季节不仅带来抑郁，但也快乐。哪个季节能让你高兴
起来？为什么？可回答：春天可以使我高兴起来，因为它既不太冷也不太热。首先，春天可以缓解冬天的凄凉感。此外，春天给人一种充满希望的恢
复感。最后，有许多花在春天盛开，非常美丽的。故答案为Spring can cheer me up because it’s nei
ther too cold nor too hot. First, spring can relieve the bleak fe
eling of winter. Besides, spring gives people a hopeful sense of
recovery. Finally, There are many flowers that bloom in spring, w
hich are very beautiful.34．Dear Peter,I’m glad to receive your le
tter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well. Here are
a few suggestions:First, it is important to take a Chinese course
, as you’ll be able to learn from the teacher and practice with y
our fellow students. Then, it should be a good idea to learn and
sing Chinese songs, because by doing so you’ll 1earn and remember
Chinese words more easily. Besides, it helps to watch TV and rea
d books, newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever possible. Y
ou can also make more Chinese friends. They will tell you a lot a
bout China and help you learn Chinese.I hope you’ll find my sugge
stions helpful. Try to write me in Chinese next time. Looking forward to hearing from you soon!Yours,Li Hua【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封邮件，回复英国朋友Peter关于如何才能学好中文的建议。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文；人称：第一、三人称为主；时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时；结构：总-分-总法；要点：1. take a Chinese course2. learn and sing Chinese songs等第二步：列提纲 （重点词组）ask for；learn well；take a Chinese course；a few；be able to；learn from；fellow students；Chinese songs；watch TV；read books；make friends；a lot；next time；look forward to等第三步：连词成句1. I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well.2. It is important to take a Chinese course, as you’ll be able to learn from the teacher and practice with your fellow students.3. It should be a good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs, because by doing so you’ll 1earn and remember Chinese words more easily.4. It helps to watch TV and read books, newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever possible.5. They will tell you a lot about China and help you learn Chinese.6. I hope you’ll find my suggestions helpful.7. Looking forward to hearing from you soon.等根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表文章结构顺序：First；Then；2.表并列补充关系：Besides；and；also；3.表因果关系：as等连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。第五步：润色修改【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多主从复合句，如：I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well. 使用了现在分词作状语；it is important to take a Chinese course, as you’ll be able to learn from the teacher and practice with your fellow students.使用了it作形式主语和as引导状语从句；it should be a good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs, because by doing so you’ll 1earn and remember Chinese words more easily.使用了it作形式主语和because引导状语从句；it helps to watch TV and read books, newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever possible.使用了it作形式主语和whatever引导的状语从句；They will tell you a lot about China and help you learn Chinese.使用了and连接的并列句；I hope you’ll find my suggestions helpful.使用了find+宾语+宾语结构等。还使用了一些固定短语，如：ask for；learn well；a few；be able to；learn from；make friends；a lot；look forward to等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。答案第11页，共22页试卷第11页，共33页答案第11页，共22页试卷第11页，共33页 |
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