表1.在乌克兰使用的俄制无人机 资料来源:海军分析中心内部数据库 俄制“海鹰-30”性能参数示意图 “前哨”无人机性能参数示意图 “柳叶刀-3”巡飞弹 最后,俄罗斯军方正在利用空中无人机进行电子战,最著名的是将“海鹰-10”无人机作为Leer-3电子战系统的一部分,用于干扰乌克兰的移动通信。虽然有证据表明,2014年至2021年间,俄军在乌克兰东部军事行动中积极使用这款无人机,但2022年2月之后,可能是由于数量少或其行动相对保密,这种无人机在乌克兰战场的使用情况只公开了几次。22 “柳叶刀”“立方体”“沙希德-131”“沙希德-136”巡飞弹攻击范围 【1】数据来源于海军分析中心关于乌克兰战场无人系统的数据库。 【2】“Ukrainian Military Captured Orlan-30, the Most Modern Russian Drone,” (ВСУ захватили самый современный дрон РФ 'Орлан-30': в чем его особенности), Focus.ua, Aug. 6, 2022, https:///digital/524625-vsu-zahvatili-samyy-sovremennyy-dron-rf-orlan-30-v-chem-ego-osobennosti. 【3】''Krasnopol’ Projectiles Hit Targets when Adjusted with Orlan-30 UAV' (Снаряды «Краснополь» поражают цели при корректировке БПЛА «Орлан-30»), Anna-news.info, Nov. 9, 2022. https:///snaryadykrasnopol-porazhayut-tseli-pri-korrektirovke-bpla-orlan-30/. 【4】Military Correspondent Sladkov Estimated the Power of Strikes via Russian Orlan-30 Drone” (Военкор Сладков оценил мощность ударов российского беспилотника «Орлан-30»), Lenta.ru, Nov. 24, 2022, https:///news/2022/11/24/sladkov/. 【5】“Ukrainian Military Captured Orlan-30.” 【6】“Russia’s Forpost UAV is Lost in Syria” (Российский беспилотный летательный аппарат 'Форпост-Р' потерян в Сирии), BMPD blog, Aug. 4, 2021. https://bmpd./4365482.html. 【7】“Game of Drones,” Russian Telegram channel, https:///droneswar/2538, July 28, 2022. 【8】Oryx, “Nascent Capabilities: Russian Armed Drones over Ukraine,” Apr. 7, 2022. https://www./2022/04/nascent-capabilities-russian-armed.html. 【9】Oryx, “Nascent Capabilities.” 【10】Oryx, “Nascent Capabilities.” 【11】Focus, “Piece by Piece: The Armed Forces of Ukraine Shot Down a Rare Russian Drone 'Korsar,” (Поштучное количество: ВСУ сбили редкий российский беспилотник 'Корсар'), Focus Online, Nov. 10, 2022 (). 【12】“UZGA Took the Corsair UAV under Its Wing: The Motors Will Be Taken out of the Cabinet” (УЗГА взял БПЛА 'Корсар' под крыло: моторы достанут из шкафа), MashNews.ru, March 3, 2021, https:///uzgavzyal-bpla-korsar-pod-kryilo-motoryi-dostanut-iz-shkafa.html. 【13】“Source: Okhotnik Drone Used Su-57 Guided Missiles in Tests” (Источник: дрон 'Охотник' применил на испытаниях управляемые ракеты от Су-57), Ria.ru, May 28, 2022, https:///20220528/okhotnik- 1791355512.html. 【14】“Serial Deliveries of Altius Strike Drones to Begin in 2021—Manturov” (Серийные поставки ударных беспилотников 'Альтиус' начнутся в 2021 году – Мантуров), MilitaryNews.ru, Aug. 22, 2021, https://www./story.asp?rid=1&nid=555675〈=RU. 【15】Drone Production Facility Outside Moscow to Get into Top Gear in 2024,” Tass.com, Feb. 1, 2022, https:///defense/1395835. 【16】Источник раскрыл данные о применении российских дронов-камикадзе на Украине, Ria.ru, Oct. 20, 2022, https:///20221020/svo-1825258182.html. 【17】Военный обозреватель назвал особенности беспилотника «Ланцет», Iz.ru, Oct. 21, 2022, https:///1413513/2022-10-21/voennyi-obozrevatel-nazval-osobennosti-bespilotnika-lantcet. 【18】Rybar, Telegram, https:///rybar/40462. 【19】Starshe Eddy Telegram Channel, February 19, 2023, https:///vysokygovorit/10805. 【20】“Russian Lancet Loitering Munition Perched on a Tree,” YouTube.com, Dec. 24, 2022, https://www./watch?v=R2xOJPOk-zc. 【21】“The Russian Ministry of Defense Showed Footage of the Central Military District’s Drones Used in Ukraine” (Минобороны РФ показало кадры применения беспилотников ЦВО в зоне спецоперации), Tass.ru, Nov. 3, 2022, https:///armiya-i-opk/16234817. 【22】“Russian Troops Using Leer-3 Able to Jam Ukrainian Army Mobile Phone Signals Within 30 km,'ArmyRecognition.com, Oct. 20, 2022, https://www./defense_news_october_2022_global_security_army_industry/russian_troops_ using_leer-3_able_to_jam_ukrainian_army_mobile_phone_signals_within_30_km.html; Matthew Roscoe , WATCH: Russian Armed Forces using Leer-3 complex to jam Ukrainian communications, EuroWeeklyNews.com, Oct. 19, 2022. https:///2022/10/19/russian-leer-3-complex-jam-ukrainian-communications/. 【23】“What Kind of a Mass Attack Was Carried out by Russia’s Geran-2 and Lancet UAVs?” (*Что за массированный удар нанесли российские БПЛА «Герань-2» и «Ланцет»?), Aif.ru, Sept. 29, 2022, https:///society/army/chto_za_massirovannyy_udar_nanesli_rossiyskie_bpla_geran-2_i_lancet; “Russian Kamikaze Drones 'Geran’ and 'Lancet’ Are Successfully Used During a Special Operation” (Российские дроны-камикадзе 'Герань' и 'Ланцет' успешно решают задачи в ходе спецоперации), RG.ru, Sept. 28, 2022, https:///2022/09/28/letiat-besshumno-atakuiut-roem.html; “On October 15, the Ukrainian Armed Forces Attempted a Large Offensive in the Kherson Direction, But Were Met by Dense Artillery Fire and Retreated.During the Retreat, Ukrainian Tanks Were Hit by Geran-2 and Lancet Drones” (Беспилотники 'Герань-2' и'Ланцет' успешно применены при отражении атаки ВСУ под Херсоном), Involta.media, Oct. 16, 2022, https://dia/post/bespilotniki-geran-2-i-lancet-uspeshno-primeneny-pri-otrazhenii-ataki-vsu-odhersonom. 【24】Matt Berg, “Iran Preparing to Send 'Several Hundred’ Drones to Russia, Sullivan Says,” Politico.com, July 11, 2022, https://www./news/2022/07/11/iran-uav-drones-russia-00045195. 【25】Ellen Nakashima and Joby Warrick, “Iran Sends First Shipment of Drones to Russia for Use in Ukraine,”Washington Post, Aug. 29, 2022, https://www./national-security/2022/08/29/iran-dronesrussia-ukraine-war/; Natasha Bertrand, “First on CNN: Russians Have Begun Training on Iranian Drones, US Believes,” CNN.com, Aug. 9, 2022, https://www./2022/08/09/politics/russia-training-dronesiran/index.html. 【26】Dion Nissenbaum and Warren P. Strobel, “Moscow, Tehran Advance Plans for Iranian-Designed Drone Facility in Russia,” WSJ.com, February 5, 2023, https://www./articles/moscow-tehran-advance-plans-for-iraniandesigned-drone-facility-in-russia- 11675609087?st=8zpf0nohm5fvi9f&fbclid=IwAR0yM1HUuBX8BzKEF0fG42DbqfGC12_YPU9UW54lBwskLp5xxIju vea5XHk. 【27】Yaakov Katz and Amir Bohbot, “How Israel Sold Russia Drones to Stop Missiles from Reaching Iran,” JPost.com, Feb. 3, 2017, https://www./magazine/books-israel-and-the-saleof-advanced-drones-to-russia-480326; “UAV Forpost to Change Israeli Payload for Russian Systems,” Mil.today, Dec. 27, 2019, https:///2019/Science42/. 【28】Karen DeYoung and Joby Warrick, “Russia-Iran Military Partnership 'Unprecedented’ and Growing, Officials Say,” Washington Post, Dec. 9, 2022, https://www./national-security/2022/12/09/russiairan-drone-missile/. 【29】Valisu Venckunas, “Russia Resumes Shahed-136 Attacks after Ukraine Claims Supply Is Running Low,” Aerotime.aero, Dec. 7, 2022, https://www./articles/32877-russia-resumes-shahed-attacks-ukraine says-supply-low. 【30】“Dissecting Iranian Drones Employed by Russia in Ukraine,” Conflict Armament Research, Nov. 2022, https://storymaps./stories/7a394153c87947d8a602c3927609f572. 【31】Yaroslav Trofimov and Dion Nissenbaum, “Russia’s Use of Iranian Kamikaze Drones Creates New Dangers for Ukrainian Troops,” WSJ.com, Sept. 17, 2022, https://www./articles/russias-use-of-iranian-kamikazedrones-creates-new-dangers-for-ukrainian-troops-11663415140. 【32】Trofimov and Nissenbaum, “Russia’s Use of Iranian Kamikaze Drones Creates New Dangers for Ukrainian Troops.” 【33】Ukraine weapons tracker Twitter post, accessed Sept. 16, 2022, https://twitter.com/UAWeapons/status/1570438897926029312 and game of drones Russian Telegram Channel, Accessed Sept. 16, 2022. https:///droneswar/3588. (平台编辑:黄潇潇) 本文来源:知远战略与防务研究所
|
|