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2024年高考英语语法二轮复习之非谓语动词考点归纳讲义素材
2023-09-18 | 阅:  转:  |  分享 
  
2024年高考英语语法二轮复习之非谓语动词考点归纳什么叫非谓语动词?非谓语动词就是在句子中不能用作谓语的动词。英语动词根据它是否能用作谓语,
可以分为谓语动词和非谓语动词。谓语动词在句中可用作谓语,而非谓语动词则不用作谓语(但可用作主语、宾语、定语、状语等)。英语的非谓语
动词有三种形式,即不定式、动名词、分词。如:She doesn''t like me living here.她不愿意我住这儿。Sh
e decided to call his office. 她决定给他办公室打电话。I saw him working in th
e garden. 我看见他在花园里干活。We had the machine repaired. 我们请人修理了机器。以上各句中
的living为动名词、to call为不定式、working为现在分词、repaired为过去分词。非谓语动词的总体用法特点是:
不定式表示将来(谓语之后)的或具体的动作;动名词表示已完成的或一般的动作;现在分词表示主动和正在进行的动作;过去分词表示被动和完成
的动作。考点归纳考点1考查习惯上后接动名词的动词用法在初中英语中,习惯上只能后动名词作室语,不能接不定式的动词不多,如:advis
e【建议),avoid(避免),consioer(考虑),dislike(不喜欢),enjoy(喜爱),excuse(原谅),fi
nish(完成),aive up(放弃),imaaine(想象),keep(保持),mind(介意),pardon(原谅),pra
ctise(练习),put off(推迟),stop(停止),suggest(建议)等。如:I advise waiting a
few more days. 我建议再等几天。He avoided answering my questions. 他避而不答我的
问题。He considered going to see Paul in person. 他考虑亲自去找保罗。Mary''s mo
ther enjoys listening to music.玛丽的母亲喜欢听音乐。The man kept looking at
her.这个人不断地看她。Would you mind helping me for a few minutes?您抽几分钟帮我
个忙好吗?The doctor said I must give up smoking. 医生说我必须戒烟。考点2 考查介词后接动
词的用法在通常情况下,在介词后接一个动词作宾语时,该动词要用动名词。如:How about going for a walk? 出
去散散步如何?The Swiss are clever at making watches.瑞士人善于制表。Excuse me f
or coming back. Doctor.医生,原谅我又回来了。He left without paying his bill
. 他没有付账就走了。What did you do after leaving school? 离开学校之后你干什么了?Befo
re going outl phoned Betty.出门之前我给贝蒂打了一个电话。考点3 考查习惯上后接不定式的动词用法初中英语
中习惯上只后接不定式(而不接动名词)作室语的动词不多,主要的有有,aaree(同音),ask(要求)。0ecide(决定),exp
ect(期待),help(帮助),hope(希望),manaqe(设法),offer(主动提出),plan(计划),prepare
(准备),promise(答应),refuse(拒绝),want(想要),wish(希望)。如:She agreed to wai
t for me. 她同意等我。I didn''t expect to see you here. 没想到在这里碰到你。I deci
ded to ask for my money back.我决定把我的钱要回来。I hope to catch an early
train. 我希望赶上早班火车。Tom refused to lend her any more money. 汤姆拒绝再借钱给
她。I want to stay at home tonight. 今晚我想待在家里。Can you help to carry
this table upstairs?你能帮忙把桌子搬到楼上去吗?另外,动词live和love表示“喜欢”时,后接不定式或动名词
均可,且意思相同,如:I like watching [to watch]TV. 我喜欢看电视。考点4 考査接不定式或动名词意思不
同的动词有些动词后接不定式或动名词均可,但是意思不同,主要有以下几类值得注意:1.remember.forget.regret:r
emember(记得),forget(忘记),regret(后悔)后接不定式表示动作尚未发生,后接动名词(可用一般式或完成式)表示
动作已经发生。比较:Don''t forget to tell him the news. 别忘告诉他这消息。I forgot te
lling her the news. 我忘了曾告诉过她这个消息。Remember to turn out the lights
before you go to bed. 临睡前别忘了关灯。I remember reading about it in the
papers. 我记得在报纸上看到过这事。2.go on:其后接不定式表示接着做另一事,接动名词表示接着做同样的事或不停地做着同
样的事。如They went on to talk about other matters.他们接着又谈别的事情。They wen
t on talking about their own matters.他们继续他们自己的事情。注:go on后接的doing也
可视为现在分词而非动名词。3.try:其后接不定式表示设法去做某事,接动名词表示做某事试试(看有何效果)。如:I''ll try t
o be more careful next time. 下次我要更小心一些。Try holding your breath to
stop sneezing.试着屏住呼吸以止住打喷嚏。4.can''t help:其后接动名词表示情不自禁地去做某事,接不定式表示
不能帮忙去做某事。如:I can''t help to clean the place up. 我不能帮助打扫这地方。He coul
dn''t help crying when he heard the news. 他听到这个消息时禁不住哭了。5.stop:其后接
动名词表示停止正在做的事情,接不定式表示停下正在做的事去做另外一件事。如:The bus stopped to take on m
ore passengers. 公共汽车停下让乘客上车。He stopped speaking, and there was no
t a sound in the room. 他停止讲话,房里一点声音也没有了。考点5考查疑问词接不定式“疑问词+不定式”是英语中
一个很有用的结构,它在句子主要用作宾语,有时也用作主语或表语。如:We must think what to do. 我们必须考虑
怎么办。When to leave has not been decided.何时离开还没有决定。The question is
how to find him. 问题是如何找到他。注意,当“疑问词+不定式”中的疑问词是why时,其后的不定式不能带to。如:W
hy not go there at once? 为什么不马一去那儿呢?Why argue with her? 为什么要跟她争论呢
?考点6 考查不定式省略to的用法不定式省略to主要见于以下情况,1.当不定式用于let.make.have等使役动词后作宾语补足
语时,不定式不能带to。如:I will have her post the letter. 我要叫她去寄信。Please let
me know what happens.请告诉我发生的事。They made me repeat the whole stor
y. 他们非让我把整个事件再说一遍。但是,当使役动词用于被动语态时,要补上在主动语态中省略的to。如:She must be ma
de to comply with the rules.必须让她遵守规则。2.当不企式生于感觉动词(如see.hear.watch
.notice.feel等)后作宾语补足语时,不定式必须省略to。如:I heard him say so. 我听到他这样说。I
saw the train come into the station. 我看到火车进站了。I watched her get i
nto the car. 我看着她上了车。但是,当它们用于被动语态时,则其后的不定式必须带to。如:The woman was s
een to enter a bank, 有人看见这个女人进了一家银行。3.当不定式用于动词help后用作宾语或宾语补足语时,不定
式可以不带to(当然也可以带to)。如:They helped us (to) move it. 他们帮我们搬动它。I can h
elp (to)cook and wash up. 我可以帮忙做饭和洗碗。考点7考查不定式用作宾语补足语能后接不定式作宾语补足语的
动词很多,但中考英语中经常涉及的只有少数几个,即ask. tell. order use want. warn. wish等。如:
He asked me to get the car ready. 他叫我把车准备好。The doctor told me to
give up smoking. 医生儿我戒烟。He ordered us to be quiet他命令我们安静。People u
se a knife to cut things. 人们用刀切东西。He warned me not to going out a
t night. 他警告我不要晚上出去。My parents wanted me to have a good education
, 我的父母想要我受到良好的教育。注意,动词hope习惯上不用于以上类似表达,所以当表示汉语“希望某人做某事”时,不能用hope
sb to do sth。如:史密斯先生希望他所有的学生都能考及格。误:MrSmith hopes all ofhis stude
nts to pass the test. (ask yvarammarcom)正:Mr Smith hopes that all
of his students can pass the test.考点8 考查不定式作目的状语当非谓语动词用作目的状语时,通常
要用不定式,一般不用动名词或分词。如:I staved there to see what would happen. 我留在那里
看看会发生什么事。Eat to live, but do not live to eat. 要为了活着而吃饭,不要为了吃饭而活着。
当需要强调时,可在不定式前加上in order或so as。如:In orderto get into a good school
. I must study even harder. 为了考入一个好的学校,我必须更加用功。I''ll write down hi
s telenhone number so as not to forcetit 我要把他的由话号码写下来,以免忘记。考点9 考查
不定式在特殊搭配中的用法英语中有不少特殊结构要与不定式搭配,下面略举几例:1.在too...to do sth(太……以至于不能)
结构中,动词习惯上要用不定式。如:He is too old to do any work.. 他太老了,不能做工作了。We ar
e too tired to go any farther. 我们太累了,不能再往前走了。He is too wise not s
ee that. 他是那样聪明,不会看不到这一点。2.在enough to do sth(足够地…….可以做某事)结构中,动词习惯
上要用不定式。如:He is old enough to go to school. 他够上学年龄了。He is old enou
gh to take care of himself.他大了,能照顾自己了。Is the river deep enough to
swim in? 在这条河里游泳水够深吗?3.当序数词或受序数词修饰的名词后接动词作定语时,该动词习惯上要用不定式。如:She
was the first to arrive. 她是第一个到达的。H is always the first to come a
nd the last to leave他总是第一个来,最后一个走。Who was the first person to cli
mb Everest? 第一个登上埃佛勒斯峰的人是谁?如果不是序数词,而是形容词last,next等,情况也一样。如:Miss G
reen was the next person to arrive.格林小姐是下一个到的人。考点10 考查现在分词在特殊搭配中的
用法英语中有不少特殊结构要与现在分词搭配,下面为同学们归纳几例:1.用于find sb doing sth,表示发现某人在做某事。
如:He found her crying in the corner. 他发现她在角落里哭。He found the lost
child hidina in the cave.他发现这个丢失的小孩躲在山洞里。2.用于catch sb doing sth,表
示逮住(撞见)某人在做某事。如The teacher caught the boy smoking. 老师撞见这个男孩在抽烟。Th
e teacher caught him sleeping in class.老师发现他在上课时睡觉。3. 用于keep sb d
oing sth,表示使某人不停地做某事。如:He kept the fire burning. 他让火燃着。I''m sorry
to have kept you waiting. 对不起让你等了。4.用于leave sb doing sth,表示让某人做某事
或处于做某事的状态中。如:His letter left me feeling pretty bad. 他的信让我感到很难受。Th
ey walked off and left me sitting there all by myself. 他们走开了,让我孤零
零一个人坐在那儿。5.用于be busy doing sth,表示忙于做某事。如:She was busy preparinges
sons.她忙一备课。(www.yyarammar.comFarmers were busy getting in the cro
ps.农民在忙着收庄稼。有时可在busy后加上介词in,此时的现在分词则变成动名词。如:6.用于spend sth doing s
th,表示花时间或金钱做某事。如:He spent quite a lot of time doing that. 他花了不少时间
做那事。Mary spent the whole evening watching TV, and so did Jane.玛丽整
晚都在看电视,珍也一样。有时可在现在分词前加上介词in,此时的现在分词则变成动名词。如:He spent quite a lot
of time in doing that. 他花了不少时间做那事。7.用于have difficulty doing sth,表
示做某事有困难。如:She might have difficulty in getting a job. 她找工作可能有困难。I
have difficulty in working out this problem. 我做出这道题来有困难。有时可在现在分词
前加上介词in,此时的现在分词则变成动名词。如:I have great difficulty in doing the work
. 做这工作我觉得很吃力。考点11 考查特殊搭配中动词原形的使用英语中有些特殊结构,后接总是接动词原形,这类结构最重要的(也是最常
考的)是whynot(为什么不…...)、had better(最好)和would rather(宁愿)。如:Why not gi
ve her some flowers?为什么不送她些花呢?It''s late, we''d better go home.时间不早
了,我们最好回家吧。Would you rather work on a farm? 你宁愿在农场干活吗?注意:had bette
r和would rather构成否定式时,习惯上是将not置干整个结构之后(动词原形之前),而不是置于hadwould之后。如:W
e''d better not tell him. 我们最好还是不告诉他。I''d rather not say anything.
我宁可什么也不说。You had better not miss the last bus. 你最好不要误了最后一班公共汽车。注意
:would rather有时也than 搭配使用,表示“宁愿……而不愿……”,此时than也接动词原形。如:I would ra
ther go than stay. 我宁愿走不愿留。考点12 考查动词have后的非谓语动词形式动词have后可接多种非谓语动词
形式,主要结构如下:1. have sb do sth:其中的have为使役动词,表示叫(请、使)某人做某事。如:I''ll hav
e her post the letter. 我要以她去寄信。He had his son clean the car他以他的儿子擦车。2. have sb (sth) doing sth:表示使(让)某人(某事物)一直做在做某事。如:He had the light burning all night. 他让灯亮了一整夜。Within minutes he had the whole audience lauahina and clappina.没出几分钟他就让全体听众笑起来,鼓起掌来。3. have sth done:表示请别人做某事。如:We had the machine repaired. 我们请人修理了机器。Why don''t you have your hair cut? 你为什么不理发?4.有时表示经历或遭遇某情况。如:He had his finger cut. 他的手指弄伤了。I had my watch stolen yesterday. 我的表昨天被人偷去了。4. have sth to do:表示有某事要做,其中的不定式作定语。如:I have a lot of work to do. 我有许多工作要做。She has plenty of clothes to wear. 她有足够的衣服穿。
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