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一般来说，除非有意强调或出于修辞的需要，英语总的倾向是尽量避免重复。在能明确表达意思的前提下，宜尽量采用替代、省略或变换等方法来避免无意义的重复，不仅能使行文简洁、有力，而且比较符合英语的语言心理习惯。用替代的形式来代替句中或上文已出现过的词语或内容。这些替代的形式有： （一）名词性替代：one/the one/ones(只能用以替代可数名词) (1)one用以替代“a＋单数可数名词”，表示泛指 Two heads are better than one. 两人智慧胜一人。 This is a tricky one to answer. 这是个难以回答的问题。 They are selling their house to move to a smaller one. 他们正打算卖掉房子，然后搬到一个小一点的住处。 Subaru is one of the smallest Japanese car makers. 斯巴鲁是日本最小的汽车制造商之一。 The issue of land reform was one that dominated Hungary's parliamentary elections. 土地改革是左右匈牙利议会选举的主要问题。 A chemical change is one in which the structure of particles is changed and a new substance is formed. 化学变化是改变粒子结构、形成新物质的一种变化。 It’s a pretty easy job, but one with lots of downtime, which means you will have plenty of time to catch up on reading, do homework or study for an exam. 这是一项相当简单的工作，但有很多停机时间，这意味着你将有足够的时间来赶上阅读，做作业或准备考试。 注：若one前没有形容词修饰，则其前不能有不定冠词, 但可用another。比较： I’m looking for a flat. I’d like one with a garden. 我正在找一套公寓，想找一套带花园的。 I’m looking for a flat. I’d like a small one with a garden. 我正在找一套公寓，想找一套小的带花园的。 This pen doesn’t work. I must buy another one. 这支钢笔坏了，我要另买一支了。 (2)the one表特指，相当于that Each time you remember the new PIN, you gradually forget the old one. 每次记住新的密码，你就会逐渐忘记旧的。 Another training, this one for pay roll law, used a Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs theme. 另一项培训是关于工资单法的，以《白雪公主和七个小矮人》为主题。 注：①替代人时，只能用the one，而非it 或that： Who is her husband?—The one by the window. 哪位是她的丈夫？——窗户边的那一位。 ②当要替代性别不明的人时可用it。 Her baby's due next month. She hopes it will be a boy. 她的孩子该下个月出生。她希望会是个男孩。 ③当有前置定语修饰时，只能用the one： Which do you want?—The red one. 你想要哪个?——那个红的。 She would rather have the small one than the large one. 她宁愿要小的，不要大的。 ④当有后置定语修饰时，通常用the one： My room is better than the one next door. 我的房间比隔壁房间好。 He said he would have the one near him. 他说他要靠近他的那一个。 Is that the one that was published recently? 是最近出版的那一种吗? Here are six rings. Pick out the one you like best. 这里有六枚戒指，选出你最喜欢的一枚。 ⑤若后置定语为of引起的介词短语，则通常用that： The population of China is much larger than that of Japan. 中国人口比日本人口多得多。 A grandparent’s job is easier than that of a parent. 祖父母的任务比父母的任务要轻松一些。 (3)the ones (the one复数形式)，表特指 ①当有前置修饰语时，只能用ones We are the only ones who know. 我们是唯一的知情者。 As a matter of fact, consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one-star facilities, the lowest rated, than with the five-star ones. 事实上，消费者对评级最低的一星级设施的满意度高于五星级设施。 ②在口语中也常用those代替the ones；当后面有of短语时，一般用that或those， A virtual choir enables them to add their voices to those /the ones of other individuals and become part of the global community. 虚拟合唱团让他们能够与其他人一起欢歌，成为全球社区的一部分。 How do you think her life differs from that in her home country? 你认为她的生活和她在她的祖国的生活有什么不同？ Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he has devoted his life. 确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的数百万的中国农民一样。 The survey found that about 50 percent of the doctors were not satisfied with their working conditions, especially those from hospitals in small towns. 调查发现，约50%的医生对自己的工作条件不满意，尤其是来自小城镇医院的医生。 |
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