
前两天看到一个短视频,视频中一位将要离世的老者在向他的妻子道歉,“对不起,我要先走一步了。” 这样的视频很难不引起人内心的波动,因为它调动了我们内心中与生俱来的情绪——对死亡的恐惧。 在那一瞬间,我也想到了我的家人,还有我自己。当面死亡的时候,自己当是怎样的情形,当如何面对死亡。 死亡是所有生物正常的周期规律,也是社会能够进步的底层因素之一,因为思想、创新、进步和生命活动一样,得有正常新陈代谢才能获得更好的发展。所以马斯克说,“人类如果太长寿,那将是一场灾难。” 可对于我们每一个人来说,对死亡的恐惧和痛苦很难用理性的思考去消除,那用什么消除呢?罗素说,你得将自己融入到更广阔的时空中去。 这是我从他的一篇文章中读到的,这篇文章很著名,标题是《How to Grow Old》(老去之道)。 原文和译文如下: Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death. In the young there is a justification for this feeling. Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer. But in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows, and has achieved whatever work it was in him to do, the fear of death is somewhat abject and ignoble. The best way to overcome it -so at least it seems to me- is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal, until bit by bit the walls of the ego recede, and your life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life. An individual human existence should be like a river: small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being. The man who, in old age, can see his life in this way, will not suffer from the fear of death, since the things he cares for will continue. And if, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases, the thought of rest will not be unwelcome. I should wish to die while still at work, knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do and content in the thought that what was possible has been done. 有些老年人因为怕死而感到烦恼。青年人有这种感觉是情有可原的。有理由害怕自己会死在战场上的年轻人,想到自己被剥夺了生活所能给予的最美好的东西时,感到痛苦,这是可以理解的。可是老年人已经饱尝了人间的甘苦,一切能做的都做了,如果怕死,就有点儿可怜又可鄙。克服怕死的最好办法——至少在我看来是这样——就是逐渐使自己的兴趣更加广泛,逐渐摆脱个人狭小的圈子,直到自我的围墙一点一点地倒塌下来,自己的生活慢慢地和整个宇宙的生活融合在一起。个人的存在应该像一条河流,开始很小,被紧紧地夹在两岸中间,接着热情奔放地冲过巨石,飞下瀑布。然后河面渐渐地变宽,两岸后撤,河水流得平缓起来,最后连绵不断地汇入大海,毫无痛苦地失去了自我的存在。上了年纪的人这样看待生命,就不会有惧怕死亡的心情了,因为自己关心的一切事件都会继续下去。再者,随着精力的衰退,老年人的疲惫会增长,有长眠的愿望未尝不是一件好事情。我希望工作到死为止,明白了有人会继续我的未竟事业,想到能做的事都做了,也就坦然了。
如何坦然面对生死?罗素的答案是将自己融入更广阔的时空中里去。知道自己毕生所追求的事业,知道在自己死亡之后依然有人会去继续做下去,那便能死而无憾,死得其所,死得坦然了。 孔子说:“朝闻道,夕死可矣。”那是因为他早已将自己的生命融入到了浩瀚的宇宙法则中,融入到了真理当中,所以死亡对他来说无所谓。 诚然,这种境界很难达到,但也不是没有方法。在我看来可以总结为三个字——去行动。 因为去行动,才能找到自己毕生想要追求的事,去行动才能让这件事得以发展跟延续。最后能否到达变得不再重要,因为你的付出,让那件事向前又推进了一小段,至此你的生命也会融入到了长河中。 那么,你是否有想要毕生去为之奋斗的事情呢?如果没有的话,那就去行动吧,愿你在行动中找到答案,到那时,对死亡的恐惧便会消散。
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