|
插入语与句子的其他部分之间没有语法上的关联，可放在句首，句中或句末。因此，有的语法学家将其归为独立成分。有一类常用逗号与句子隔开，容易辨认；有一类插入语并不用逗号，而是镶嵌句中，比较隐晦，具有干扰性。大家在阅读时要仔细区分。 一、显性插入语：一目了然直白型插入语 She is looking fit, though. 她看起来倒是健康 。 I can, however, discuss this when I see you. 然而，我可以在见到你的时候再讨论这件事情 Luckily, his father’s second wife was kind to him. 幸运的是，他父亲的第二任妻子对他很好。 The task is very difficult; besides, time presses. 任务艰巨，而且时间紧迫。 It does not often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. 在这儿夏天不常下雨，因此我们得用水浇灌菜园。 First of all, don’t come in here without a teacher. 首先，如果没有老师，就不要来这儿。 Above all, something must be done to stop polluting. 更重要的是，必须釆取某些措施来阻止污染。 As far as I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger. 在我看来，只有一种可能的方法可以远离危险。 Your performance in the driving test didn’t reach the required standard. In other words, you failed. 你在驾驶考试中的表现没有达到要求的标准。换句话说，你失败了。 To their surprise, Dick and Mary found themselves on a lonely island. 令迪克和玛丽吃惊的是，他们发现自己在一个孤岛上。 His handwriting is as good as, if not better than, his brother’s. 他的书法即使不比他哥哥的好，也和他哥哥的一样好。 It was raining heavily. What’s more, it was getting dark, so we lost our way and stayed in the cave for the whole night. 雨下得很大。更重要的是，天黑了，所以我们迷了路，在洞里呆了一整夜。 I didn’t go to his party last night. To tell you the truth, I didn’t want to see him at all. 我昨晚没去参加他的派对。说实话，我根本不想见他。 Good ways of doing things mean less time and pain, and therefore, it is necessary for us to find the time. 好的做事方式意味着更少的时间和痛苦，因此，我们有必要找到时间。 二、隐性插入语：火眼金睛挖掘型插入语 What on earth do you mean? 你究竟是什么意思？ The young woman has studied in England for two years and she will come back by and by. 这位年轻女子已在英国学习了两年，不久她就会回来。 We all write now and then, even when there’s not much to say. 我们都会时不时地写点东西，即使没什么可说的。 You know I think you are wrong. (You know作插入语)你知道的，我认为你错了。/ (I think作插入语)我认为，你明白你错了。 How long did you see she would stay here? 你知道她会在这里待多久? When do you suppose they will be back? 你认为他们什么时候会回来? What explanation do you think the teacher could give? 你想老师会如何解释？ Who do you guess broke the window? 你猜是谁把窗户打破了？ Who do you consider is the best football player in your city? 你认为谁是你们城市最好的足球运动员? Who do you suggest newspaper (should) send to cover the bank robbery? 你建议报社派谁去报道这宗银行抢劫案？ How do you imagine the film will end? 你觉得电影会如何结局？ What do you hope will come out of the reunion? 你期望这次重聚会产生什么样的成果呢？ What things does the guide think are the most important to see? 导游认为什么东西是最重要去看的? 最难分辨的隐性插入语主要集中在短句型插入语： ①I'm sure 我确信 I'm afraid 恐怕 I say我说 I hear我听说 I suppose/think/hope/believe 我猜测/想/希望/相信 you see 你明白you know你知道 (1)I'll see you again some time, I'm sure. 我敢肯定，什么时候我们还会再见面的。 I'm sure he only said it out of spite. 我相信他只是为了泄愤才那么说的。 (2)That idea is out, I'm afraid. 那个观点恐怕是不能接受的。 I'm afraid you guessed wrong. 恐怕你猜错了。 (3)I say, can you lend me five pounds? 我说，你能借我五英镑吗？ You mark what I say, John. 约翰，注意听着。 (4)What's this I hear about you getting married? 我听说你结婚了，这是怎么回事？ I hear you had a very narrow escape on the bridge. 我听说你在桥上勉强逃过一难。 (5)Barring accidents, I believe they will succeed. 不出意外的话，我相信他们会成功。 I believe everyone is innately psychic. 我相信每个人都天生具有超自然能力。 (6)I shall know more next month, I hope. 我希望下个月我将知道更多。 I hope the weather will be nice for our picnic tomorrow. 我希望明天我们的野餐天气会很好。 (7)You'll have had dinner already, I suppose. 我想，到时候你大概已经吃过饭了。 Well, I suppose I could fit you in at 3.45. 好吧，我想可以在3:45见你。 "I suppose so," said Anna with a shrug. “我想是这样，”安娜耸耸肩说道。 (8)I think we should go to the park instead of the cinema. 我认为我们应该去公园而不是电影院。 That's exactly what I think. 我正是那么想的。 (9)I'm not sure if I can make it to the party tonight, you see, I have a lot of work to do. 我不确定今晚能否参加聚会，你看，我有很多工作要做。 Turn right where you see a waymark arrow. 看到箭头路标就向右转。 (10)I was a terrible fool, you know. 你知道，我那时是个十足的傻瓜。 You know how prickly she is. 你知道她多么容易生气。 Do you know your check-in time? 你知道办理登机手续的时间吗？ ②do you know 你知道吗do you think你认为do you suppose你认为 (1)"Were they at home or away, do you know offhand?" “他们在家还是出去了，你能现在告诉我吗？” How do you know that this explanation is wrong? 你怎么知道这个解释是错误的呢？ (2)What the devil do you think you're doing? 你到底想干什么？ Do you think he'll agree to their proposal? 你认为他会同意他们的建议吗？ (3)What do you suppose happened next? 你猜后来发生了什么事情？ What do you suppose we should do to earn respect from others? 你认为我们应该如何做以赢得他人的尊重呢？ Do you suppose he will come to the party tonight? 你认为他今晚会来参加聚会吗？ ③what's more 而且;此外what's worse 更糟糕的是 what's (more)important (更)重要的是 (1)What's more, it is free! 而且，它是免费的！ What's more is that technical writers are extremely high in demand. 更值得一提的是，技术文档工程师的需求很大。 (2)What's worse，the poison released from the plastic bags is harmful. 更糟糕的是，从塑料袋中释放的有毒物质是有害的。 What's worse is that this animal is just as lazy as it looks and sounds. 更糟糕的是，这家伙发出的声音和它的长相就显得它很懒惰。 (3)( What’s )More important, people are often alone, providing a rare freedom that extends to the evocative music they choose. 更重要的是，人们往往是独自一人，提供了一种罕见的自由，延伸到他们选择的唤起音乐。 What's more important, we should learn a great deal from this experience. 更重要的是，我们应该从中吸取经验教训很大。 What's important , at this juncture is the ability of the three republics to work together. 在这个关键时刻，重要的是这三个共和国的合作能力。 You'll have a better understanding of what's important and what isn't. 你会更好地理解什么重要，什么不重要。 What's more important is to put differences in a proper place. 更重要的是，要摆正分歧的位置。 ④it's said 据说that's to say即;也就是说 let's say 比方说，可以这么说 (1)The world it's said has shrunk or become flat. 人们都说世界正在不断地变小，变得平坦。 It's said to be negotiable. 据说可以协商。 It's said to be good manners to tip your waiter, taxi driver, hairdresser, doorman and so on. 据说，给服务员、出租车司机、理发师及门卫等支付小费是一种礼貌的行为。 It's said that the story happened on West Lake. 据说这个故事发生在西湖上。 (2)The conclusion is fatalism, that's to say irreversibility. 结论是“宿命”，即不可逆转性。 That's to say, when we do something to the land, we should never hurt it. 也就是说，我们利用土地时，不应该破坏土地。 Now that's to say none of us would make that mistake. 所以说我们，没有人会犯那样的错。 That's to say you have to do double work. 那就是说你要做双倍的工作。 (3)I think I'll start with something easy—let's say the paper collection. 我想先从简单的事情开始——比如说收集纸张。 You could learn the basics in, let's say , three months. 比方说，三个月你就可以掌握基本知识。 It's Teachers' Day, let's say "thank you" to our teachers. 教师节到了，让我们向老师说声“谢谢”吧。 注：如何判断do you think是否是插入语 比如下列几句： What do you think his motives were in helping us？ 你认为他帮助我们是出于什么动机？ Who do you think will be the next Prime Minister? 你认为下届首相会是谁呢? Who do you think should win the Academy Award for Best Director this year? 你认为今年谁会获得奥斯卡最佳导演奖? 这些句子是复合句呢？还是带有插入语的简单句？即句中的 do you think 是插入语还是主句？ do you think 有两种基本用法，概括起来就是：一、后跟宾语从句，构成复合句；二、用作插入语: ▲一、do you think 后跟宾语从句时，只能跟 that 引导的句子，宾语从句必须是一个陈述的内容，that 经常省略;含义相当于do you agree /believe that...： Do you think you can climb that steep cliff? 你以为你能爬上那座悬崖峭壁吗？ Do you think this hat and your coat go together? 你认为这顶帽子和你的衣服协调吗？ Do you think a cure will be found for cancer? 你觉得能找到治疗癌症的方法吗？ Do you think this trunk will hold all our clothes? 这个箱子你想能装得下我们所有的衣裳吗？ Do you think you'll get the work finished on time? 你认为你的工作可以如期完成吗？ Do you think football is an exciting sport? 你认为足球是一种激动人心的运动吗？ Do you think I'd believe a story like that? 你以为我会相信这样的谎话？ Do you think the proposal is acceptable? 你认为这个建议可接受吗？ ▲因为Do you think本身已经包含疑问，而句尾的问号只有一个，因此其后不能跟含任何疑问的从句：包括if/whether（表示一般疑问概念“是否”）引导的宾语从句，以及wh-word（表示特殊疑问概念）引导的宾语从句。以下都是错误的表达： *1. Do you think whether they will succeed? 你认为他们会成功吗？ √Do you think they will succeed? *2. Do you think if she will come to our party? 你认为她会来我们的聚会吗？ √Do you think she will come to our party? *3. Do you think what will happen next? 你认为接下来会发生什么？ *4. Do you think who will win the first prize? 你认为谁会获得一等奖? *5. Do you think how the war broke out? 你认为那场战争是怎样爆发的? *6. Do you think how much this radio will cost? 你认为这台收音机值多少钱？ *7. Do you think when China will host the World Cup? 你认为中国何时会举办世界杯? *8. Do you think where we can get this machine? 你看我们在哪儿能搞到这种机器? *9. Do you think why most of children like cartoon? 你认为为什么孩子们喜欢卡通? *10. Do you think who is fit for the job? 你认为谁适合这项工作？ 为什么上述句子是错误的？从逻辑上讲，因为Do you think 本身就是一个一般疑问句，其宾语从句不能再出现任何疑问的概念，只能是表达陈述的内容。 ▲二、do you think 遇到特殊疑问句时，只能用作插入语。此时do you think依然以疑问的形式占据了句尾的问号，因此疑问句句式变得不完整，即把do you think 放在wh-word之后，句子语序遵循陈述语序。 从本质上讲，有无语义类似于in your opinion 的do you think 作插入语, 并不影响句子结构，省去无妨，有些只需要调整句子的语序而已。 1.What (do you think) will happen next? (你认为)接下来会发生什么？ 2.Who (do you think) will win the first prize? (你认为)谁会获得一等奖? 3.How do you think the war broke out? How did the war break out? (你认为)那场战争是怎样爆发的? 4.How much do you think this radio will cost? How much will this radio cost? (你认为)这台收音机值多少钱？ 5.When do you think China will host the World Cup? When will China host the World Cup? (你认为)中国何时会举办世界杯? 6.Where do you think we can get this machine? Where can we get this machine? (你看)我们在哪儿能搞到这种机器? 7.Why do you think most of children like cartoon? Why do most of children like cartoon? (你觉得)为什么孩子们喜欢卡通? 8.Whose ability (do you think) is fit for the job? (你认为)谁的能力适合这项工作？ 举一反三，同样的情况也适用于do you believe/do you consider/do you guess/ do you hope/do you imagine/ do you suppose/ do you suggest等： (1)What happens when we die, do you believe? 如果我们死了，会发生什么？你相信吗？ Do you believe that anyone can ditch their alarm clock and become a happy early riser? 你相信任何人都能把闹钟丢弃，并且变成一个快乐的早起者吗？ (2)Q: What do you consider is the biggest challenge in TB control? 问：你认为结核病控制中最大的挑战是什么？ Do you consider yourself among those less comfortable with computers or just the mere idea of being in this class? 你们是否认为自己处于不擅长电脑的那群人，还是只是单纯地想来上这门课？ (3)Who do you guess is to blame? 你猜测谁应受责备？ Do you guess his age? 你猜他的年龄吗? (4)What do you hope people will get from this film? 你希望人们从这部影片里能明白什么？ What do you hope to achieve in this project? 在这个项目中你希望实现什么目标？ (5)What do you imagine will be your future occupation? 你认为你未来的职业是什么？ What do you imagine cats doing when they're home alone? 你想象猫在牠们独自在家的时候做些什么呢？ (6)What do you suppose happened next? 你猜后来发生了什么事情？ Do you suppose he was telling the truth? 你认为他在说真话吗？ (7)So how do you suggest we (should)proceed? 那你建议我们怎么进行呢? Which places do you suggest? 你推荐什么地方可去？ |
|
|
