【原】巴黎迪士尼乐园从草图到现实introduction

主题公园设计 2023-10-22 发布于广东

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Disneyland paris fromsketch to reality巴黎迪士尼乐园从草图到现实

The Magicians'Christmas魔术师的圣诞节

“要充分理解伟大的创作作品，仅仅看到它们的最终状态是不够的。你必须了解他的诞生和发展历史。- 斯特凡·茨威格在《昨天的世界》中。"Tofully understand the great works of creation,it is not enough to see them intheir final state.You must catch them at their birth and in theirdevelopment."- Stefan Zweig in The World of Yesterday.

没有米奇耳朵，没有魔杖，墙上没有仙尘……在洛杉矶郊区格伦代尔一条不起眼的街道上的白色两层建筑外，看不到任何独特的标志。但这个离散的立面隐藏着梦想创造者的家。在这些墙壁后面，奇怪的机器人正在决斗，波浪机正在搅动，“虚拟”炮弹正在落在海中央。再往前走，模型、图画、雕塑和奇妙的壁画环绕着每一位游客，让他们惊叹不已。事实上，我们是在华特迪士尼幻想工程的总部。我们已经穿过了魔法的走廊，到达了“想象者”的巢穴——想象的工程师，这个团队是由沃尔特·迪士尼在 20 世纪 50 年代初创建的，目的是在加利福尼亚州建造迪士尼乐园，并继续设计和建造佛罗里达州的华特迪士尼世界、日本的东京迪士尼乐园，当然还有巴黎的迪士尼乐园。在华特迪士尼幻想工程，有所有传统职业——设计师、建筑师、作家、作曲家、工程师、灯光专家、金融专家——以及一些不太明显的专家，例如纹理专家、人造岩石专家以及著名的迪士尼音频电子动画人物的程序员。

No Mickeyears, no magic wands, no pixie-dust on the walls.. there's not a singledistinctive sign to be seen outside thewhite two-story building located on anondescript street in Glendale a suburb ofLos Angeles. But this discrete facadehides the home of the creators ofdreams. Behind these walls, strange robots arefighting a duel, wave machines are agitating and 'virtual' cannonballs arelanding in the middle of the sea. Further on, models,drawings,sculptures and fantastic murals surround and astound every visitor.We are, infact, at the headquarters of Walt Disney Imagineering. We have penetrated thecorridors of magic and have reached the lair of the "Imagineers'-theengineers of imagination, the team which was created by Walt Disney at thestart of the 1950s to build Disneyland in California, and which went on todesign and build Walt Disney World in Florida,Tokyo Disneyland in Japan and, of course, Disneyland Paris. At Walt DisneyImagineering there are all the traditional professions -designers,architects, writers, composers, engineers, lighting specialists, financialspecialists-and some less obvious ones, like texture specialists, experts inartificial rock and the programmers of the famous Disney Audio- Animatronicsfigures.

1983 年 12 月，Imagineeering的“魔术师”们正准备庆祝即将到来的假期以及当年早些时候日本东京迪士尼乐园的竣工。想象工程师们已准备好迎接新的挑战。“我们刚刚开始问自己，我们的下一个项目是什么，”迪士尼资深人士吉姆·科拉回忆道。“我们查看了我们的档案，意识到世界上几乎每个国家都曾经要求迪士尼来建造一个主题公园。”在研究了各种提议后，幻想工程师们得出的结论是，下一个迪士尼主题公园应该在欧洲。 1984 年 9 月，以迈克尔·艾斯纳(Michael Eisner) 和弗兰克·威尔斯 (Frank Wells) 为首的新管理团队加入华特迪士尼公司。他们的目的是什么？将迪士尼打造成美国最具活力的休闲和电影娱乐公司。在与迈克尔·艾斯纳和弗兰克·威尔斯的第一次会面中，欧洲公园成为了讨论的话题。在分析了 1,200 多个地点后，在会议结束时幻想工程师们主要关注法国和西班牙这两个国家。In December1983, the "magicians"at Imagineering were preparing to celebrate theapproaching holidays and the completion ofTokyo Disneyland in Japan earlier that year. The Imagineers were ready for anew challenge. "We were just starting to ask ourselves what our nextproject would be," recalls Disney veteran Jim Cora. "We looked in ourarchives and realized that at one time or another nearly every country in theworld had askedDisney to come and build a themepark." After studying various propositions, the Imagineers came to theconclusion that the next Disney theme park should be in Europe. In September1984, a new management team headed by Michael Eisner and Frank Wells joined TheWalt Disney Company. Their aim? To turn Disney into America's most dynamicleisure and filmed entertainment company. At one of the first meetings withMichael Eisner and Frank Wells, the European Park came up for discussion.Having analysed more than 1,200 sites, the Imagineers were concentrating on twocountries, France and Spain. At the end of the meeting.

The creativeprocess for each Disney theme park begins with detailed concept drawings andpaintings, which Imagineers use to visualize and present their ideas. 每个迪士尼主题公园的创作过程都从详细的概念图和绘画开始，想象者用它们来可视化和展示他们的想法。

Preliminary concept for the Disneyland Hotel, Fantasia Gardens and the themepark.迪士尼乐园的初步概念酒店、花样年花园和主题公园。

吉姆·科拉回忆道，“弗兰克告诉我们，我们可以继续下一步。”欧洲冒险已经开始。去欧洲在某种程度上意味着回到迪士尼的起点。追溯沃尔特·迪士尼的家谱可以追溯到中世纪，他的家族可能来自诺曼底的一个名叫滨海伊西尼的小村庄。几个世纪以来，d'Isigny（意为“来自伊西尼”）演变成了迪士尼。18 岁时，沃尔特·迪士尼在 1914-18 年战争中被派往法国担任红十字会救护车司机，并参观了1919 年的马恩拉瓦莱地区。Jim Corarecalls, "Frank told us that we could go on to the next step. " TheEuropean adventure had begun. Going to Europe meant, in some ways, going back toDisney's origins. Tracing Walt Disney's family treeback to the Middle Ages shows that his family probablycame from a little village in Normandy calledIsigny-sur-Mer. Over the centuries, d'Isigny(meaning"from Isigny")evolved into Disney.At the age of 18, Walt Disney had been sent to France towork as a Red Cross ambulance driver in the 1914-18 war, and had visited theMarne-la- Vallee region in 1919.

但当沃尔特·迪士尼开始根据欧洲故事制作他著名的动画电影时，与欧洲的决定性联系就出现了。《白雪公主》是德国格林兄弟写的，《匹诺曹》是意大利科洛迪写的，《灰姑娘》和《睡美人》是法国人佩罗写的。在欧洲建立一个主题公园，简直是绕了一个圈。But thedecisive link with Europe came when Walt Disney began to produce his famousanimated films based on European stories. The tale of Snow White was written bythe Brothers Grimm from Germany, Pinocchio by Collodi from Italy, and aFrenchman, Perrault, penned the stories of Cinderella and SleepingBeauty.Creating a theme park in Europe was simply completing a circle.

随着更多研究的进行，迪士尼与各个政府组织之间的谈判已经开始。各个地点都被一一考虑、审查和参观。最后，选择了一个非常有潜力的地点。 1985年12月18日，迈克尔·艾斯纳与时任法国总理洛朗·法比尤斯签署了一份意向书，提议在巴黎以东32公里的马恩拉瓦莱建造迪士尼乐园。又花了一年半的时间才达成最终协议，1987 年 3 月 24 日，经过马拉松式的谈判，迈克尔·艾斯纳 (Michael Eisner) 和雅克 (Jacques)现任总理希拉克签署了正式协议“国家公约”。负责新公园设计工作的想象工程师托尼·巴克斯特（Tony Baxter）聚集了一群想要更多地了解欧洲文化、娱乐和历史的设计师。“我们的学习小组出发前往欧洲，”托尼回忆道。“我们称他们为'白雪公主和七个小矮人’，因为有一个女人和七个男人！”As morestudies were being undertaken, negotiations between Disney and variousgovernmental organizations had begun. One by one, various locations wereconsidered, reviewed and visited. Finally, one very promising site wasselected. On December 18th, 1985, Michael Eisner and the then Prime Minister ofFrance, Laurent Fabius, signed a letter of intent proposing to build a Disneypark in Marne-la-Vallee, 32km east of Paris. It would take another year and ahalf to reach the final agreement, and on March 24th, 1987, after marathonnegotiations, Michael Eisner and Jacques Chirac, now Prime Minister, signed theofficial agreement, the "Convention d'Etat." Imagineer Tony Baxter,who would head up the design effort for the new park, gathered a group ofdesigners who wanted to learn more about the culture, entertainment and historyof Europe. "Our study group set off for Europe,"Tony remembers."We called them 'Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs,' because there was onewoman and seven men!"

他们乘坐一辆租来的面包车从德国出发，然后开车前往巴黎，在那里度过了几周。“在巴黎，”托尼继续说道，“我们参观了杜乐丽宫、卢浮宫、奥赛博物馆，然后参观了法国所有主要的旅游中心。杜乐丽宫和凡尔赛宫的花园非常漂亮，这些建筑古迹给人一种到达感、焦点感和对比感。They startedoff in Germany in a hired van, then drove to Paris, where they spent severalweeks. "In Paris," Tony continues, "we visited the Tuileries,the Louvre, the Musee d'Orsay and then all of France's major tourist centres.The gardens of the Tuileries and Versailles are superb, providing a sense ofarrival, focus and contrast to the architectural monuments.

离开巴黎，想象工程师们返回德国，然后继续前往瑞士，途经罗滕堡等其他旅游目的地。卢塞恩，最后前往荷兰，参观库肯霍夫花园，并前往丹麦参观哥本哈根的蒂沃利花园，这座花园在 20 世纪 50 年代为华特迪士尼提供了灵感。当想象工程师们回到美国时，他们疲惫不堪，但却充满了灵感。1988年8月2日，遗址开始挖方。随后，马恩拉瓦莱的建设规模空前，历时四年，涉及 10,000 名建筑工人和商人以及来自法国、意大利、德国、荷兰、英国、爱尔兰、西班牙、葡萄牙、瑞士、英国、法国、法国、意大利、德国、荷兰、英国、爱尔兰、西班牙、葡萄牙、瑞士等国家和地区的 10,000 名建筑工人和商人以及 1,700 家公司。捷克斯洛伐克、远东和美国。Leaving Paris, the Imagineers headed back to Germany, then went on toSwitzerland, passing through other tourist destinations like Rothenburg. Lucerne, andthen finally to Holland, to see the gardens at Keukenhof and to Denmark tovisit Copenhagen's Tivoli Gardens, which had inspired Walt Disney in the 1950s.When the Imagineers returned to the United States, they were exhausted, butfilled with inspiration. On August 2nd, 1988, excavation of the site began.Construction on an unprecedented scale then proceeded over a four-year periodin Marne-la- Vallee, involving 10,000 construction workers and tradesmen and1,700 companies from France, Italy, Germany, Holland, U.K., Ireland, Spain,Portugal, Switzerland, Czechoslovakia, the Far East and the United States.

建筑商必须应对潮湿和寒冷的天气，以及令人惊讶的马恩拉瓦莱泥浆，这种泥浆随处可见。似乎这还不够，有一天，建筑工人挖出了一枚第一次世界大战的炮弹！建筑工地会变成建筑挖掘场吗？但障碍被克服了，公园于1992年4月12日上午9点如期开放。The buildershad to contend with wet and freezing weather, as well as having to deal withthe surprising Marne-la-Vallee mud, which was to be found everywhere. And as ifthat wasn't enough, the construction workers one day dug up a First World Warshell! Would the construction site become an architectural excavation? But theobstacles were overcome, and the park opened, as scheduled, at 9.01am onApril 12th, 1992.

上图：蒂姆·德莱尼 (Tim Delaney) 的这幅画展示了其中之一探索乐园和瑙里勒斯的早期解释。Above: ThisTim Delaney painting illustrates one of the early interpretations ofDiscoveryland and the Naurilus.

在下一步的创作过程中，Imagineer构建了各种景点的模型During the next step of the creative process, Imagineer construct models of the various attraction