构词法——派生法之后缀 一、请写出以下词语的正确形式。1 She is determined to carry on with her (educate).?2 However, be (care) not to go to extremes.3 It snowed (heavy)last night and now the streets are covered with snow.4 They are trying to (wide) the discussion to include environmental issues.问题思考：横线中所填的词分别都是什么词性？词义是什么？是怎么变化来的？变化后词义改变了吗？_____________________________________________________________________后缀可帮助构成名词、形容词、副词和动词，后缀改变词性不改变词义。二、后缀可帮助构成四类词（一）构成名词：1. 表示“人”的名词后缀⑴ 结合所给的后缀及其含义试着猜一猜下列单词的含义●-an, -ian 表示“……地方的人，精通……的人”：American Asian electrician magician ●-er 表示“从事某种职业的人, 某地区，地方的人”：villager singer driver ●-or 表示“……者”：inventor educator ●-ese 表示“ ……国人，……地方的人”：Chinese Japanese ●-ess 表示“女性人称名词”：actress hostess ⑶ 结合所给的后缀及其含义试着写一写下列单词的名词形式并猜测词义。●-ant,-ent 表示“……人”：serve _____ assist _____ study _____ ●-ee 表示“动作承受者”：employ _____ interview _____ ●-ar, -ary 表示“……的人, 从事……的人”：lie _____ beg _____ secret _____ ●-ist 表示“从事……研究者，信仰……主义者”：piano _____ art _____ type _____ 2.表抽象含义的名词后缀⑴ 结合所给的后缀及其含义试着猜一猜下列单词的含义●-age 表示“状态，行为，身份及其结果，总称”：storage _____ marriage _____ ●-al 表示“事物的动作，过程”：refusal _____ arrival _____ approval _____ ●-ance, -ence 表示“性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度”：importance _____ performance _____ difference _____ ●-ity 表示“性质，状态，程度”：reality _____ equality _____ ●-dom 表示“等级，领域，状态”：freedom _____ kingdom _____ wisdom _____ ⑶ 结合所给的后缀及其含义试着写一写下列单词的名词形式并猜测词义。●-cy 表示“性质，状态，行为，过程”：frequent urgent fluent ●-ry 表示“行为，状态，习性，性质”：brave slave ●-hood 表示“资格，身份, 年纪，状态”：child man ●-ion, -ation, -ition, -sion 表示“行为的过程，结果，状况”：direct invite educate compete decide discuss ●-ment 表示“行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果”：disappoint _____ agree _____ govern _____ ●-ness 表示“性质，状态，程度”：kind _____ ill _____ ●-ism 表示“制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为”：social _____ criticize _____ tour _____ ●-ship 表示“情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份”：hard _____ relation _____ member _____ scholar _____ ●-th, 表示“动作，性质，过程，状态”：long _____ wide _____ deep _____ true _____ ●-ure 表示“行为，结果”：expose _____ press _____ ●-bility 表示“动作，性质，状态”：able _____ probable _____ responsible _____ 大家一起来找茬1.To my happy, she could cook some delicious food for me. 2.It reflected their lack of concern for the safe of both others and themselves. 3.We''re living in a world where we can never stress the important of sharing too much. （二） 构成形容词⑴结合所给的后缀及其含义试着猜一猜下列单词的含义a. 带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义：●-able, -ible: comfortable enjoyable responsible ●-al: natural national ●-ant, -ent: important excellent ●-ing（表示特征：令人觉得）: moving touching ●-ed（表示情绪：觉得）: moved touched ●-ish: foolish selfish （三）构成副词构成副词的后缀主要有-ly，高中阶段应当注意形容词变成副词时的变化规则。后缀-ward(s)也可帮助构成副词。⑴ 结合所给的后缀及其含义试着写一写下列单词的副词形式并猜测词义。 ●-ly: possible swift simple ●-ward(s): downward inwards upward ⑵ 以下为形容词转换为副词的变化规则：
⑶ 大家一起来找茬1.One person was killed, several were serious hurt and taken to hospital, and a number of other people received smaller hurt. _____ 2.Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers sudden became friendly to one another. _____ 3.It is a good way for us to memorize new words by seeing them repeated. _____ （四）构成动词⑴ 结合所给的后缀及其含义试着写一写下列单词的动词形式并猜测词义。●-ize, ise 表示“做成，变成，……化”：modern _____ apology _____ real _____ ●-en 表示“使成为，引起，使有”：quick _____ weak _____ soft _____ 注意：前en-与后缀-en都有使动含义。●-ify 表示“使……化, 使成”：beauty _____ pure _____ simple _____ ⑵ 请写出已给单词的正确形式1.I usually _____ (memory) twenty new words a day and put them to use whenever possible.2.They are trying to _____ (wide) the discussion to include environmental issues.（五）构成数词构成数词的后缀有：●-teen (十几)，●-ty (几十)，●-th (构成序数词) six六→sixteen十六→sixteenth第十六four四→forty四十→fortieth第四十 |
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