2021年《Evolutionary and Population Genetics》(《进化与人口遗传学》)出版的《Genomic Insight Into the Population Admixture History of Tungusic-Speaking Manchu People in Northeast China》一文。 ![]() 文章对比了辽宁满族和古代黑水靺鞨古人DNA的差异,非常清晰的显示现代满族与锡伯等现代其他通古斯语民族的巨大差异,现代满族常染色体与汉族基因更接近。 It is therefore believed that the Manchu people, being members of an old branch of the Tungusic, should have a consistent genetic profile with other Tungusic groups. However, we found that Liaoning Manchus have a close genetic relationship and significant admixture signal with Han Chinese. The Manchu population was an exception to the coherent genetic structure of Tungusic-speaking people, probably due to the large-scale population migrations and genetic admixtures in the past hundred years.(译:因此,人们相信满族作为通古斯语系一个古老分支的成员,应该与其他通古斯语系群体具有一致的遗传特征。然而,我们发现辽宁的满族与汉族有着接近的基因关系和显著的混合证据。满族是通古斯语系人群相似基因结构的一个例外,是由于过去一百年多来大规模的移民和融合。) 现代满族的主要基因来自黄河流域古代人群,但也与古代黑水靺鞨人群存在少量联系。 We observed that Manchus can be modeled as deriving 32.4% ancestry from Mohe people and the remaining ancestry from the farming-related ancient populations in the Yellow River Basin 。 (译:我们观察到,满族人的32.4%的祖先来自黑水靺鞨,其余的祖先基因来自黄河流域与农业有关的古代人口。) 可以从这个图里看到,现代满族Manchu_LN和锡伯族Xibo_DG对比,锡伯族从古代黑水靺鞨中获得的基因更多,而满族从YR_MN人群(黄河流域新石器时代中期)中获得的基因更多。 ![]() 另一个图中,现代满族Manchu_LN和锡伯族Xibo_DG,与古代靺鞨都存在很大差异。 非常有意思的是,与很多网友们的观点不同,现代锡伯Xibo_DG与古代鲜卑人(Mongolia_IA_Xianbei)的差异极大,不可能是真正的继承关系。 ![]() 通过对比更多的通古斯人群,现代满族与其他现代通古斯人群和蒙古人群差异巨大。 Compared with other Tungusic or Mongolic populations Hezhen, Mongolia, and Xibo, we observed Liaoning Manchus had derived more ancestry from farming-related populations in the Yellow River Basin and southern China and less ancestry from northern ancient groups, such as Heishui_Mohe and Xianbei.(译:与其他通古斯族或蒙古族人口相比,如赫哲族、蒙古族和锡伯族等,可以观察到辽宁满族人从黄河流域和中国南部的农业相关人口中获得了更多的祖先基因,而从北方古代群体获得的基因较少,比如从黑水漠河和鲜卑。) ![]() 结合另一篇文章《The Genomic Formation of Human Populations in East Asia》的观点,黑水靺鞨有43%±14%来自黑龙江新石器祖先,57%祖先来自南方人群,本篇文章《Genomic Insight Into the Population Admixture History of Tungusic-Speaking Manchu People in Northeast China》中数据,满族有32.4%的常染色体来自黑水靺鞨,67.6%的祖先来自黄河流域新石器时代人群,则满族有多少比例的基因来自黑龙江新石器时代的祖先呢?0.43*0.324=13.9%,答案是13.9%。更多的基因来自南部的黄河流域古代人群,因此,今天的满族人常染色体和北方汉族已经十分接近。 ![]() |
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