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2024届高考英语语法第01讲英语词类课件
2023-11-21 | 阅:  转:  |  分享 
  
高中英语语法 第01讲 词 类
词 类 根据语义,
语法功能及其形式特征,英语中的词汇分属不同的类别,用以表示人或事物的名词,行为,动作,状态等,这些不同的类别构成了词类。一 词的
分类 根据语法功能,词可分为十类:名词,代词,数词,形容词,副词,动词,冠词,介词,连词及感叹词。 根据意义,
词可分为实词和虚词。 实词是指具有实际意义并能作句子成分的词。这些词需要在句子中重读,包括名词,代词,数词,形容词,副词
和动词六类。 虚词指的是没有实际意义或实际意义不明显,在句子中不能担任句子成份的词,这类词在句子中一般不重读,包括冠词,
介词,连词和感叹词四类,文本信息标题数字等都可以通过点击和重新输入进行更改。文字数字大小颜色参考此模板【注 意】有一些词有两种或两
种以上的词类:calm adj. 平静的 v. 使...平静above adj.上面的 上述
的 adv. 在上面 prep. 在...上面present n. 礼物
v. 提出,呈现 adj. 出席的,在场的 二 词类的功能 不同的词类在句中所充当的成分不相同,
实词主要做主语、谓语、表语、宾语、同位语、补足语、定语、状语等,虚词在句中不能单独充当成分。1 名 词名词在句中主要作主语、表语、
宾语、补足语、同位语、定语。The park is famous for its rich biological diversit
y.(作主语)The Chinese people is a peace-loving people.(作表语)I squeez
ed her hand and then walked back to my taxi. (作宾语)We will call th
e baby Johnson. (作宾语补足语)She was made chairman of the conferenc.(作
主语补足语)Li Hua,my best friend,went abroad last year.(作同位语)He is my
history teacher. (作定语)2 代 词代词在句中主要作主语,表语,宾语,定语,同位语等We should be r
esponsible for the patients .(作主语)Tom is not himself today. (作表语)
I am always ready to help others.(作宾语)His father is a bus driver.
(作定语)Could you please show me the book, the one you just read?(作同
位语)3 数 词数词在句中主要作主语,宾语,表语,定语等One-third of the students in ou class
are from the countryside.(作主语)We don’t need so many people. We
just need five (作宾语)Two and two is four.(作表语)There are only thre
e boys in the class.(作定语)4 形容词形容词在句中主要作表语 定语 补足语 状语等The shoes in
the shop were expensive. 作表语 She is a successful woman with a goo
d forutune. 作定语有大笔财富的成功女士We must keep our classroom clean. 作宾语补足语
Eager to get the Christmas present,little Amy can not get to slee
p. 作原因状语 5 副 词 副词在句中主要作状语,修饰形容词,副词,动词,句子等She is extremely beauti
ful. 修饰形容词beautifulHe speaks Chinese very fluently 修饰fluentlyHe s
tepped into the room quietly withou being noticed 修饰动词steppedUnfo
rtunately, I missed the train.修饰全句6 动 词动词在句中作谓语或与名词 形容词 助动词 情态动词构
成复合谓语.We enjoy the fresh and the sunshine in the countryside.(作谓语
) I have lived here for 10 yeas (复合谓语)He was very sad at the news
(复合谓语)I didn’t have enough money, so I couldn''t buy the tickets.(
复合谓语) 7 虚 词虚词在句中不能单独做成分,一般需要和其他词一起构成短语在句中做成分。冠词需要加在名词前构成名词短语;介词需要
带宾语;连词用来连接词、短语或句子;感叹词一般单独使用,用来表明说话者的语气。I grew up in a distant vil
lage 不定W冠词a放在名词village 前There are so many people in the room 定冠词t
he 放在名词room前面My father is strict with me (介词with后带宾语me)I did’t leave until my mother came back (连词until引导时间状语从句)Hurrah!We won the game.(感叹词hurrah表明说话者的语气)
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