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密歇根州立大学的科学家们近日取得重大突破，他们通过关闭马铃薯液泡转化酶基因（VInv），证明了在冷藏条件下炸制马铃薯可以制作出更健康、更吸引人的薯片。这项研究成果发表在《植物细胞》杂志上，为生产能在低温条件下储存的马铃薯品种的开发提供了希望，从而制作出更健康、更美味的薯片和薯条。
研究人员发现，冷藏马铃薯中深色化和潜在的健康问题的关键机制，这一发现对零食食品行业具有重要意义。密歇根州立大学教授Jiming Jiang和David Douches领导的科学家团队在研究中揭示了与冷藏马铃薯相关的深色化和潜在健康问题的关键机制。
这一研究成果有望为开发能够在低温下储存的马铃薯品种打下基础，从而制作出更健康、更美味的薯片和薯条。密歇根州是美国领先的薯片马铃薯生产商，该州的马铃薯产业每年价值2.4亿美元。 研究表明，由于低温会引发冷诱导甜化（CIS）过程，将富含糖分的块茎加工会导致薯条和薯片变黑。同时，这也会产生丙烯酰胺，一种在高温加工过程中形成的致癌物质，与健康问题有关，包括增加患癌风险。 通过研究这一基因如何开启和关闭，我们有望开发出对CIS具有天然抵抗力的马铃薯品种，从而不会产生有毒化合物。这一突破性发现代表了对马铃薯发展的重大进展，对食品质量和健康有着深远影响，并有望影响全球每一袋薯片的生产。 这一发现不仅将改善零食食品质量，还可能对其他加工淀粉类食品产生影响。此外，对冷藏抗性马铃薯的研究还将提供更大的储存和运输灵活性，可能减少食品浪费和成本。密歇根州立大学的研究团队表示，新型的CIS抗性马铃薯很快就有望商业化。 AbstractPotato (Solanum tuberosum) is the third most important food crop in the world. Potato tubers must be stored at cold temperatures to minimize sprouting and losses due to disease. However, cold temperatures strongly induce the expression of the potato vacuolar invertase gene (VInv) and cause reducing sugar accumulation. This process, referred to as “cold-induced sweetening”, is a major postharvest problem for the potato industry. We discovered that the cold-induced expression of VInv is controlled by a 200-bp enhancer, VInvIn2En, located in its second intron. We identified several DNA motifs in VInvIn2En that bind transcription factors involved in the plant cold stress response. Mutation of these DNA motifs abolished VInvIn2En function as a transcriptional enhancer. We developed VInvIn2En deletion lines in both diploid and tetraploid potato using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9)-mediated gene editing. VInv transcription in cold-stored tubers was significantly reduced in the deletion lines. Interestingly, the VInvIn2En sequence is highly conserved among distantly related Solanum species, including tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and other non-tuber-bearing species. We conclude that the VInv gene as well as the VInvIn2En enhancer have adopted distinct roles in the cold stress response in tubers of tuber-bearing Solanum species. https://academic./plcell/advance-article/doi/10.1093/plcell/koae050/7609602?login=false
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