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船舶稳性是三副比较难啃的知识点，主要是因为对重点名词解释和力的关系模糊不清，先掌握重点名词，注意这些词在船舶本身结构中的位置及关系，做题要画图理清思路。  Stable Equilibrium 稳定平衡 this is when a vessel has a positive righting lever (G below M). 重心G在初稳心M之下，船舶有恢复力矩，会恢复到初始平衡位置。 Neutral Equilibrium 中性平衡（随遇平衡） This is when the vessel has no righting lever (G & M together) (Danger of Capsize). 重心G与初稳心M重合，没有复原力臂，船舶不能恢复到初始平衡位置。 Unstable Equilibrium 不稳定平衡 This is when the vessel has a negative righting lever (G above M)(Capsizing lever). 重心G在初稳心M之上，负的复原力臂，船舶倾斜后继续倾斜。  Centre of Gravity 重心 A point on the vessel through which all forces of gravity act vertical downwards. 船舶向下重力作用的力的合力的几何位置。 Center of Buoyancy 浮心 A point on the vessel through which all forces of buoyancy act vertically upwards equal to the water displaced. Forces of Buoyancy 浮力 A floating body experiences an upward force equal to the water it displaces. 船舶所有浮力的合力，等于排出水量。 Metacentre 稳心 A point on the centre-line of a vessel through which all the forces of buoyancy pass when the vessel is heeled. 船的中心线上的一点，当船倾斜时，所有浮力都通过这里。 Righting Lever 复原力臂 When the vessel is heeled by an external force, the centre of buoyancy/centre of gravity are not in the same line, now a horizontal distance exists, the buoyancy pushing the vessel upright （the righting lever Gz). 当船舶受到外力倾斜时，浮心/重心不在同一直线上，此时存在水平距离，浮力将船舶推向垂直（复原力臂Gz）。 Metacentric Height 稳心高度 The distance from the Centre of Gravity to the Metacentre (G.M.). 船舶重心和稳心的垂直距离。 Height of the Metacentre 稳心的高度 The distance from the Keel to the Metacentre (K.M.). 横稳心距基线的高度。 Displacement 排水量 Is the total weight of the vessel equal to the water it displaces. 船舶的总重等于船舶的排水量。 Deadweight 载重吨 This is the cargo, stores water, fuel that you've taken aboard. 这是你船上的货物，储存水和燃料。 Light Displacement 空载排水量 The total weight of the vessel, machinery eto that stays on the vessel and cannot be moved, (stores, fuel water etc not included). 停留在船上不能移动的船舶、机械的总重量（不包括储存、燃料水等）。 Stiff Vessel 高稳性船 This is a vessel with a very large righting lever (G near the Keel). 重心G接近基线，有非常大的复原力臂。 Tender Vessel 低稳性船 This is a vessel with a vessel small righting lever (G very near M). 重心G接近稳心M，非常小的复原力臂。 Draught 吃水 The vertical distance from the Keel to the waterline. 从龙骨到水线的垂直距离。 Freeboard 干舷 The vertical distance from the waterline to the lowest deck- edge. 从吃水线到最低甲板边缘的垂直距离。 Under keel allowance 富余水深（龙骨余量） The distance from the keel to the seabed. 从龙骨到海底的距离。 Trim 纵倾 This is the difference between the fore and aft draughts 船首吃水和船尾吃水的差值。 Mean Draft 平均吃水 This is the forward and aft draft added together and divided by the number 2. 这是前吃水和后吃水相加，再除以数字2。 Angle of Loll 舷倾角 State of a ship that is unstable when upright (i.e has a negative metacentric height, GMt）and therefore takes on an angle of heel to either port or starboard. 舷倾角是指船只在直立状态下不稳定（即具有负的浮心高度），因此会向左或向右倾斜。 List 横倾 A list is caused by you moving anything on the vessel to one side. 横倾是你把船上的东西移到一边造成的。 Transverse or Statical Stability 横向或静态稳性（初稳性） The vessels ability to return to the upright position. 船舶恢复到正平衡位置的能力。 Reserve Buoyancy 储备浮力 This is the volume of air trapped in a watertight space above the waterline. Centre of Floatation This is the centre of the water- plane area of a vessel at any draught. 水线以上的水密空间的空气量。 Moment of Statical Stability 静稳性力矩 The total weight X the righting lever (Gz). 总重量乘复原力臂。 |
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来自： 航海英语online > 《待分类》
