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Building orientation is an essential aspect of passive
design, which is an approach to building design that maximizes the use of
natural energy flows and minimizes reliance on mechanical systems for heating,
cooling, and lighting. A well-designed building orientation can significantly
reduce the energy requirements of a building and improve its overall comfort.
建筑朝向是被动式设计的一个重要方面，被动式设计是一种建筑设计方法，可最大限度地利用自然能量流，并最大限度地减少对机械系统供暖、制冷和照明的依赖。精心设计的建筑朝向可以显着降低建筑物的能源需求并提高其整体舒适度。 Orientation Orientation is the positioning of a building in relation to seasonal variations in the sun’s path as well as prevailing wind patterns.
朝向是建筑物相对于太阳路径的季节性变化以及盛行风向模式进行的定位。 Good orientation can increase the energy efficiency of your building, making it more comfortable to live in and cheaper to run.
良好的朝向可以提高建筑物的能源效率，使其居住更舒适，运行成本更低。 Identify your climate zone and develop an understanding of appropriate design responses by referring to Design for Climate.
通过参考气候设计，确定您的气候区并了解适当的设计对策。 Orientate your home to make the best use of sunlight and winds.
调整您的家的方向，以充分利用阳光和风。
Principles of good
orientation良好定向原则 Good orientation,combined with other energy efficiency features, can reduce or even eliminate the need for auxiliary heating and cooling, resulting in lower energy bills, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and improved comfort.
良好的定向性与其他能源效率功能相结合，可以减少甚至消除对辅助加热和冷却的需求，从而降低能源费用、减少温室气体排放并提高舒适度。 It takes account of summer and winter variations in the sun’s path as well as the direction and type of winds, such as cooling breezes.
它考虑了太阳路径的夏季和冬季变化以及风的方向和类型，例如凉爽的微风。 Good orientation can help reduce or even eliminate the need for auxiliary heating and cooling,
resulting in lower energy bills, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and improved comfort.
良好的方向可以帮助减少甚至消除对辅助加热和冷却的需求，从而降低能源费用、减少温室气体排放并提高舒适度。 In hot humid climates and hot dry climates with no winter heating requirements, aim to exclude direct sun by using trees and adjoining buildings to shade every façade year-round while capturing and funneling cooling breezes.
在炎热潮湿的气候和没有冬季供暖要求的炎热干燥气候中，旨在通过使用树木和相邻的建筑物全年遮蔽每个立面，同时捕捉和汇集凉爽的微风，从而排除阳光直射。 In all other climates a combination of passive solar heating and passive cooling is desirable.
在所有其他气候条件下，被动式太阳能供暖和被动式制冷的组合是可取的。 North orientation is generally desirable in climates requiring winter heating because the position of the sun in the sky allows you to easily shade northern façades and the ground near them in the summertime with simple horizontal devices such as eaves while allowing full sun penetration in winter.
在需要冬季供暖的气候中，朝北通常是可取的，因为太阳在天空中的位置允许您在夏季使用简单的水平设备（如屋檐）轻松遮蔽北立面及其附近的地面，同时在冬季允许阳光充分穿透。 North-facing walls and windows receive more solar radiation in winter than in summer.
朝北的墙壁和窗户在冬季比夏季接收更多的太阳辐射。 Average daily solar radiation on vertical surfaces.
垂直表面上的日平均太阳辐射量。
Orientation for passive
heating被动加热的方向 Sun movement from a high angle in summer to a low angle in winter.
太阳从夏季的高角度移动到冬季的低角度移动。 Orientation for passive heating is about using the sun as a source of free home heating by letting the winter sun in and keeping unwanted summer sun out.
被动供暖的方向是利用太阳作为免费家庭供暖的来源，让冬天的阳光进入，把不需要的夏天的阳光挡在外面。 It can be done with relative ease on northern elevations by using horizontal shading devices to exclude high-angle summer sun and admit low-angle winter sun.
在北部高地上，通过使用水平遮阳装置来排除高角度的夏季阳光并允许低角度的冬季阳光，可以相对容易地完成。 'Solar access’ is the term used to describe the amount of useful sunshine striking glass in the living spaces of a home.
“太阳能接入”是一个术语，用于描述家庭生活空间中有用的阳光照射玻璃的数量。 The desired amount of solar access varies with climate.
所需的太阳能接入量因气候而异。 The sun is a source of free home heating.
太阳是免费家庭供暖的来源。 First, establish true or solar north for your region.
首先，为您所在的地区建立真正的或太阳的北方。 This is useful in all climates whether you are encouraging or excluding solar access.
这在所有气候下都很有用，无论您是鼓励还是排除太阳能接入。 Ideal orientation (in most climates) is solar north, orientations of up to 20° west of north and 30°
east of north still allow good passive sun control.
理想的朝向（在大多数气候下）是太阳朝北，北偏西20°和北偏东30°的朝向仍然允许良好的被动阳光控制。 Variations in orientation towards east and west can have advantages in some climates and for some activities.
在某些气候和某些活动中，朝东和向西的方向变化可能具有优势。 In cold climates, orientations west of north increase solar gains in the afternoon when they are most desirable for evening comfort, but east of north can warm the house more in the mornings, improving daytime comfort for those who are at home then.
在寒冷的气候条件下，北偏西的朝向会增加下午的太阳辐射热量，这对晚间的舒适度最为有利，而北偏东的朝向则可以在早晨为房屋提供更多的热量，从而提高白天在家的人的舒适度。 In warmer climates,
orientations east or north can allow better capture of cooling breezes.
在温暖的气候中，向东或向北的方向可以更好地捕捉凉爽的微风。 Poor orientation and lack of appropriate shading can exclude winter sun and cause overheating in summer by allowing low-angle east or the west sun to strike glass surfaces at more direct angles, reducing reflection and increasing solar gains.
朝向不佳和缺乏适当的遮阳，会使低角度的东晒或西晒以更直接的角度照射到玻璃表面，减少反射，增加太阳辐射，从而使冬季阳光无法照射到玻璃表面，导致夏季过热。 Orientation does not have to
be precise: there is a degree of flexibility.
方向不一定是精确的：有一定程度的灵活性。
Analysis of the best
orientation最佳方向分析 Prioritize your heating and cooling needs.
优先考虑您的供暖和制冷需求。 Are you in a climate that requires mainly passive heating, passive cooling, or a combination of both?
您是否处于主要需要被动加热、被动冷却或两者兼而有之的气候中？ temperature ranges, both seasonal and diurnal (day-night).
温度范围，包括季节性和昼夜（昼夜）。 humidity ranges. the direction of cooling breezes, hot winds, cold winds, and wet winds.
冷风、热风、冷风和湿风的方向。 seasonal characteristics,
including extremes.
季节性特征，包括极端天气。 impact of local geographic
features on climatic conditions
当地地理特征对气候条件的影响 impact of adjacent buildings and existing landscape.
相邻建筑物和现有景观的影响。
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