【原】Case Files: Anesthesiology 学习笔记(154).扁桃体切除5.

麻花慧慧子 2024-04-17 发布于浙江

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CASE 39 Tonsillectomy / Sleep Apnea / Hemorrhage

扁桃体切除/睡眠呼吸暂停/出血

01. otalgia [əʊ'tældʒɪə] n.【医】耳痛 EARACHE

02. dehydration [ˌdiːhaɪˈdreɪʃ(ə)n] n.失水,脱水

03. uvula [ˈjuːvjʊlə] n.悬雍垂 plural uvulas or uvulae: the pendent fleshy lobe in the middle of the posterior border of the soft palate

04. velopharyngeal [ˌviləufərɪnd'ʒiəl] n.腭咽 of or relating to the soft palate and the pharynx

Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) 腭咽关闭不全 occurs when the seal between your oral and nasal cavities doesn’t close completely. The condition is often associated with palate (['pælət] n.腭) defects or genetic disorders. With VPI, air escapes through your nose during speech, causing a nasal sound and other speech issues. Treatment usually involves speech therapy and surgery.

05. nasopharygeal stenosis 鼻咽狭窄 The nasopharynx ([ˌneɪzəʊ'færɪŋks] n.【解】鼻咽) is defined as the superior portion of the pharynx that lies between the choanae (['kəʊni:] n.【解】鼻后孔) of the nasal cavity and the oropharynx ([əʊrə'færɪŋks] adj.〔解〕口咽) (ie, the level of the posterior limit of the soft palate). Stenoses of this area are rare. They are classified according to their etiology, which may be primary (ie, due to a disease process) or secondary (ie, iatrogenic ([aɪˌætrə'dʒenɪk]) adj.由治疗引起的). However, most current cases are understood to be secondary to tonsillectomy ([ˌtɒnsɪˈlektəmi] n.扁桃体切除术), adenoidectomy ([ˌædɪnɔɪ'dektəmɪ] n.增殖体切除术), uvulopalatoplasty (咽颚整形手术), or radiotherapy ([ˌreɪdiəʊˈθerəpi] n.放射疗法) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma ([ˌkɑː(r)sɪˈnəʊmə] n.癌).

（nasopharygeal stenosis following uvulopalatopharyngoplasty）

06. subcutaneous emphysema [ˌsʌbkjuːˈteɪniəs] [ˌemfɪˈsiːmə] n.皮下气肿 Subcutaneous emphysema is a rare condition in which air becomes trapped under the skin. While the condition often resolves on its own, sometimes it is an indication that you have a serious injury or illness requiring medical intervention. Subcutaneous emphysema can be caused by medical procedures, surgeries, accidents, injuries, or infections. It is most likely to occur in the chest, neck, and face, but it can happen in any part of the body. Specifically, the air is trapped in the innermost ([ˈɪnə(r)ˌməʊst] adj.最私密的) of the skin's three layers, known as the subcutaneous layer.

07. mediastinitis /ˌmi:diə'stinitis/ n.纵隔炎 plural mediastinitides inflammation of the tissues of the mediastinum [ˌmi:dɪæs'taɪnəm] n.【解】(胸腔)纵隔

08. atlantoaxial subluxation [ætlæn'təʊksɪəl] [sʌblʌk'seɪʃən] un.寰枢椎半脱位 Atlantoaxial subluxation is misalignment ([ˌmɪsə'laɪnmənt] n.不对中) of the 1st and 2nd cervical ([ˈsɜː(r)vɪk(ə)l] adj.颈部的) vertebrae ([ˈvɜː(r)təbrə] n.【解】脊椎), which may occur only with neck flexion. Atlantoaxial subluxation can result from major trauma or can occur without trauma in patients with rheumatoid arthritis ([ˌruːmətɔɪd ɑːˈθraɪtɪs] n.类风湿（性）关节炎), juvenile idiopathic arthritis ([ˈdʒuːvənaɪl] [ˌɪdɪə'pæθɪk] [ɑː(r)ˈθraɪtɪs] 幼年特发性关节炎), or ankylosing spondylitis ([æŋkɪ'ləʊzɪŋ] [ˌspɒndɪ'laɪtɪs] un.强直性脊椎炎). This disorder is very rare. Atlantoaxial subluxation is usually asymptomatic but may cause vague neck pain, occipital ([ɒk'sɪpɪtl] n.枕部) headache, or occasionally intermittent (and potentially fatal) cervical spinal cord compression.

09. osteomyelitis [ˌɒstɪəʊˌmaɪə'laɪtɪs] n.骨髓炎 an infectious usually painful inflammatory disease of bone often of bacterial origin that may result in the death of bone tissue

10. Sellick maneuver 环状软骨按压 Cricoid (['kraɪkɔɪd] adj.【解】环状的) pressure, also known as the Sellick manoeuvre or Sellick maneuver, is a technique used in endotracheal intubation to try to reduce the risk of regurgitation ([rɪˌɡɜːdʒɪ'teɪʃ(ə)n] n.回流). The technique involves the application of pressure to the cricoid cartilage ([ˈkɑː(r)təlɪdʒ] n.软骨) at the neck, thus occluding ([əˈklu:dɪŋ] v.使闭塞) the esophagus ([iːˈsɒfəɡəs] n.食道) which passes directly behind it.

11. dehydration [ˌdiːhaɪˈdreɪʃ(ə)n] n.失水，脱水 the process of dehydrating, especially : an abnormal depletion of body fluids

12. serotonergic [ˌserətn'ədʒɪk] adj.【生化】产生血清素的 liberating, activated by, or involving serotonin ([ˌsɪərəˈtəʊnɪn] n.5- 羟色胺) in the transmission of nerve impulses

13. granisetron 格拉司琼 Granisetron is a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. It works in the stomach to block the signals to the brain that cause nausea and vomiting.

14. tropisetron 托烷司琼 Tropisetron is an indole (['ɪndəʊl] n.【化】吲哚) derivative with antiemetic ([æntɪmetɪk] adj.抗吐的) activity. As a selective serotonin ([ˌsɪərəˈtəʊnɪn] n.5-羟色胺) receptor antagonist, tropisetron competitively blocks the action of serotonin at 5HT3 receptors, resulting in suppression of chemotherapy ([ˌkiːməʊˈθerəpi] n.化疗)- and radiotherapy ([ˌreɪdiəʊˈθerəpi] n.放射疗法)-induced nausea and vomiting. Tropisetron appears to be well tolerated with the most frequently reported adverse effect being headache. Extrapyramidal ([ekstrəpɪ'ræmɪdəl] adj.锥体束外的) side effects are rare upon using tropisetron.

15. dexamethasone [deksə'meθəzəʊn] n.地塞米松 a synthetic glucocorticoid ([glu:kəʊ'kɔ:tɪkɔɪd] n.肾上腺糖皮质激素) used especially as an anti-inflammatory agent

16. nadir [ˈneɪdɪə(r)] n.最糟糕的时刻，最低点

17. lethal [ˈliːθl] adj.致命的

18. concomitantly [kən'kɒmɪtəntlɪ] adv.伴随地 accompanying especially in asubordinate ([səˈbɔː(r)dɪnət] adj.从属的) orincidental ([.ɪnsɪ'dent(ə)l] adj.附带发生的) way

19. acetaminophen [əˌsiːtəˈmɪnəfən] n.【医】对乙酰氨基酚 a crystalline ([ˈkrɪstəlaɪn] adj.晶体的) compound that is a hydroxy derivative of acetanilide ([ˌæsɪ'tænɪlaɪd] n.【化】乙酰(替)苯胺) and is used in chemical synthesis and in medicine to relieve pain and fever

20. coblation 射频髓核成形术；低温消融；消融技术 The word is short for “controlled procedure used to destroy soft tissue.” The surgeon uses an electrically powered handpiece that “burns” tissues using low temperature.