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There are more
than 250 different types of dandelions. Which type is growing in your yard? We’ve
prepared a list with pictures to help you identify your dandelions. 有人视蒲公英为美丽的花儿，而有人则视其为恼人之野草，这完全取决于蒲公英长在了哪里。 世界上有250多种蒲公英，来认识一下，看看你的院子里长的是哪种蒲公英。这里我们为大家呈上一个带图辨识清单。 Common Types Of Dandelions 常见蒲公英 These are some
of the most common types of dandelions you’ll find growing in your yard: 下面我们介绍的是最常见的蒲公英品种，一般你在自家院子里就能发现。 Common Dandelion (Taraxacum Officinale) 普通蒲公英（西洋蒲公英）
Taraxacum officinale is one of the most common lawn weeds. You’ll notice them blooming in the spring. Usually, common dandelions grow low to the ground. But they can reach up to 18-inches in height. Common dandelions have long narrow leaves with toothed lobes. With the leaves growing up to 8-inches long and 1-inch across. It’s common to find that the undersides of the leaves are hairy, which is particularly noticeable at the midrib. But sometimes they’re completely smooth on both sides. You can identify this type of weed by its bright yellow flower at the end of a hollow stalk, which turns into a seed puff of small olive-colored seeds. Taraxacum officinale is an edible weed. You can eat every part of the common dandelion apart from the seeds. And some people use the root to make dandelion tea. 普通蒲公英是最常见的一种草坪野草，春天开花。通常，普通蒲公英是一种贴地生长的矮生植物，但最高也能长到18英寸。 普通蒲公英叶子细长，边缘带齿状深裂，叶长可达8英寸，宽可达1英寸。叶背通常可见细绒毛。叶中脉尤其明显。但也有叶子两面都很光滑的蒲公英。 亮黄的花朵，空心的茎杆和橄榄色种子构成的冠毛绒球是识别普通蒲公英的典型特征。 普通蒲公英是可食用的野草，从种子到植株的各个部分都可以食用。有人甚至用它的根制成蒲公英茶饮用。 Horned Dandelion (Taraxacum ceratophorum) 角状蒲公英
Horned dandelion is also called alpine dandelion. It’s a native dandelion to North America. And you’ll usually find it growing in mountainous regions, spreading through meadows, and sprouting in the gaps between rocks. The plant can
grow 1-10 stems, and features a large flowering head of yellow florets and
lobed green leaves that are sometimes coarsely toothed. The leaves are more
delicate than the common dandelion and have rounded tips. You’ll also see horn-like bracts
on the flower head. 角状蒲公英也叫高山蒲公英，原生于北美，它生长于高山，蔓延在草甸，岩石缝隙里也能发芽。 这种蒲公英能够生出1-10个茎，黄色花丝聚成大的花头，绿色裂叶，偶带粗糙锯齿。其叶子比普通蒲公英娇嫩，顶端圆润。花头部分可见角状苞片。 Pink Dandelion (Taraxacum pseudoroseum) 绯红蒲公英
The pink
dandelion is originally a native of central Asia. But you can now find it
growing in many parts of the world. You can find it growing in meadows, along
roadsides, and around forest margins. You can identify this dandelion by its
pretty pink flowers which have an apricot-colored center. Pink dandelions
are a popular type of dandelion with gardeners. They’re easy to grow, and are a
good choice for natural landscaping. The plant grows well in full sun to
partial shade, and flowers from May to October，attracting pollinators such as butterflies into your garden. 绯红蒲公英是原生于中亚，现在很多地区都可见其生长。草甸、路边、森林边缘都可见其身影。识别这种蒲公英就是认准它的花：粉色花朵，杏色花心。 绯红蒲公英深受园丁喜爱，因为它易于种植，且是很好的花园造景植物。无论是阳光充足的环境还是半遮荫环境，绯红蒲公英都可以茁壮生长，其花期在5月到10月间，开花时，能够吸引蝴蝶一类的传粉昆虫到你的花园里。 Red Seeded Dandelion (Taraxacum erythrospermum) 红籽蒲公英
It’s common to find the red
seeded dandelion blooming on your lawn between April and June. The weed grows
in both shady and sunny locations, and likes to grow in undisturbed soil. Red-seeded dandelions grow in a variety of conditions, from dry rocky areas to waterlogged and marshy ground. And you can find this dandelion weed growing all across the world. Red-seeded
dandelion has leaves that grow up to 10-inches long and 2-inches wide,with leaf
lobes that are more triangular than those on the common dandelion. The pointed
tips of the leaves are curved.Aside from the leaves, it’s easiest to distinguish
red-seeded dandelion from common dandelion by its reddish-brown
seeds.Red-seeded dandelion is edible, and it’s
considered to have health benefits, helping with various ailments. 4月到6月，你会在你家草坪上看到开花的红籽蒲公英。这种野草在背阴或者阳光充足的地方都可以生长，喜原状土壤环境。 从干燥的岩石区到水涝沼泽地，红籽蒲公英都可以生长，因为它能适应各种环境，所以现在世界各地都有其踪迹。 红籽蒲公英的叶子长可达10英寸，宽可达2英寸，叶裂比普通蒲公英的角度更锐，叶子尖端呈弯曲状。除了叶子，其红棕色的种籽也是区别于普通蒲公英的一个明显特征。红籽蒲公英可食用，具保健作用，对多种疾病有疗愈功效。 Korean Dandelion (Taraxacum platycarpum) 韩国蒲公英
The Korean
dandelion flowers between March and May, and sometimes in late fall. You’ll usually see this type of
dandelion along roadsides and cultivated areas. The leaves are similar to
common dandelion with deeply lobed leaves growing up to 8-inches long. Korean dandelion has a slightly downy stalk. And the dandelion grows up to 12-inches tall, topped with a flower head of numerous small florets. The plant usually blooms in Spring. But sometimes it happens in late fall. You’ll mostly find this type of
dandelion in Korea, but it also grows in Japan and China. All parts of this
dandelion weed are edible, and it’s used in a variety
of ways in Korean cuisine. 韩国蒲公英3月到5月间开花，有时可开花至晚秋，路边和耕地多见此种蒲公英。其叶与普通蒲公英相似，有深裂，长度可达8英寸。 韩国蒲公英茎带细绒毛，高度可到12英寸，无数小花丝构成的头状花序，通常春季开花，偶尔也在晚秋开花。 这种蒲公英常见于韩国，现在日本中国也可见，其植株整体皆可食用，是多种韩国料理的常用食材。 Taraxacum Albidum 白花蒲公英
This dandelion species is a native of Eastern Eurasia and you’ll sometimes find it in the South of Japan. You can identify Taraxacum albidum by its flower head of white florets that bloom each year between March and May and occasionally in the fall. The basal rosette consists of deeply lobed green leaves. In the summer, the dandelion leaves wither to avoid being damaged in the higher temperatures. Taraxacum
albidum is mostly found growing beside roads and cultivated fields. And the
dandelion grows in a range of soil conditions, as well as full sun and partial
shade. 这种蒲公英原生于东欧地区，日本南部偶见，花期每年3月到5月，偶在秋季开花，可通过其白色花丝构成的头状花序识别此种蒲公英。 绿色深裂叶片基生，莲座状，夏季，其叶枯萎，以避高温伤害。 白花蒲公英多见于路边和耕地，可于多种土壤环境生长，向阳地与遮荫地均可。 Russian Dandelion (Taraxacum Kok-saghyz) 俄罗斯蒲公英(青胶蒲公英）
Russian dandelion is also known as rubber root and Kazakh dandelion. You’ll find this dandelion plant growing in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Western China. It prefers growing in sunny locations in meadows and around mountainous areas, in acidic or neutral soil. Russian
dandelion has leaves that are very similar to common dandelion. But you can
tell the difference as the leaves are usually smaller and grey-green. They’re also not quite as narrow
and are rounded at the end. The flower is a similar yellow flower. But this variety of dandelion has horn-like structures on the bracts surrounding it. The weed flowers from May to June, and the seeds ripen in June and July. Russian
dandelion can be used for producing high-quality rubber from the root which
contains 15% latex. 俄罗斯蒲公英又叫胶根或哈萨克蒲公英，常见于乌兹别克斯坦、哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦和中国西部地区，喜向阳草甸和山地，喜酸性或中性土壤。 俄罗斯蒲公英的叶子与普通蒲公英极其相似，区分点在于俄罗斯蒲公英的叶子略小，颜色偏灰绿色，略宽，顶端圆润。花是相似的黄色，但其苞片有角状结构，花期五、六月间，种籽在六、七月成熟。 俄罗斯蒲公英的根部含有15%的乳胶，可以用于制造高品质橡胶。 California Dandelion ( Taraxacum californicum) 加利福尼亚蒲公英
The California dandelion is native to North America, but it’s currently an endangered species. As the name suggests, you’ll find it growing in southern California, Where it grows in wet mountain meadows year-round apart from a period of dormancy in the winter. This small
perennial wildflower looks similar to the common dandelion. The weed has green
leaves with toothed lobes and red veins, and a fluffy seed head with brown
seeds. The dandelion blooms from May to August with a familiar yellow flower. 加利福尼亚蒲公英原生于北美，现已成为濒危物种。物如其名，加利福尼亚蒲公英常见于南加利福尼亚湿润的山区草甸，除了冬天的休眠期，整年可见。 这种小型多年生野花看起来与普通蒲公英十分相似，绿色叶子，带锯齿状叶裂，红色叶脉，冠毛绒球，棕色种籽。5月到8月间，加利福尼亚蒲公英开出熟悉的黄色花朵。 Japanese Dandelion (Taraxacum Japonicum) 日本蒲公英
You’ll usually see this dandelion
weed growing in sunny locations around Japanese paddy fields and roadsides.
Japanese dandelion flowers from March to May, producing a single yellow flower
that looks very similar to common dandelion, except it doesn’t consist of as many florets. 这种蒲公英常见于日本的稻田和路边向阳的地方，3月到5月开花，单独的一支黄色花朵，与普通蒲公英非常相似，所不同之处在于它的头状花序花丝较少。 Fleshy Dandelion (Taraxacum carneocoloratum) 肉质蒲公英
People sometimes refer to this dandelion as pink dandelion on account of its pale peachy or pink-purple flower head. You can find
fleshy dandelion growing at between 500-2500 meters above sea level on alpine
ridge crests, areas of gravel, and scree slopes. And occasionally you’ll see fleshy dandelion in
flood plains and river terraces that are well-drained. This kind of dandelion is
commonly found in Alaska and the Yukon Territory. 因其淡桃粉色或粉紫色的头状花序，这种蒲公英有时候会被认作是绯红蒲公英。 肉质蒲公英一般生长在海拔500-2500米的高山山脊，砾石地区，碎石坡上，有时也可在排水良好的冲积平原和河阶看到它，阿拉斯加和育空地区最为常见。 Fasciated Dandelions 扁茎蒲公英
Fasciated
dandelions are not a unique type of dandelion as such. But you may come across
them and this will help you identify what you’re looking at. Fasciation is a
deformity. It can be caused by genetic mutation, infection by virus or
bacteria, or environmental factors. Fasciated dandelions have thick stems and
large flower heads that look as if a number of dandelion stalks have grown
bundled together. 扁茎蒲公英并非典型的蒲公英，但是你也会遇到，所以了解一下方便识别。 扁化是一种畸形，引起原因有基因突变、病毒或细菌感染、以及环境因素。扁茎蒲公英的茎很粗，头状花序较大，看起来仿佛多个蒲公英捆绑生长在了一起。 Common Similar Plants 常见类似植物 These
similar-looking flowering plants are often called dandelions, but they don’t belong to the Taraxacum
family: 这些相似的开花植物都被叫做蒲公英，但是它们其实不属于蒲公英科： Desert Dandelion (Malacothrix glabrata) 沙漠蒲公英
The desert dandelion is similar in appearance to the common dandelion. But it prefers to grow in different conditions. You’ll find the desert dandelion growing in the Sonoran, Mojave, and Great Basin deserts. Especially after heavy rains in the winter, when it quickly grows in large carpets of flowers. The flower head
is a slightly paler color than the common dandelion. And you can easily
identify this plant by the bright red at the center of the flower. 沙漠蒲公英与普通蒲公英外表相似，但生长环境不同。沙漠蒲公英一般生长在索诺兰、莫哈韦和大盆地沙漠地区。冬天大雨后，沙漠蒲公英会迅速生长，形成大片花毯。 沙漠蒲公英的花头颜色比普通蒲公英略浅，花心为亮红色，很好区分。 False Dandelion (Hypochaeris radicata) 假蒲公英
Also known as flatweed and cat’s ear, false dandelion takes its name from the fact that it’s commonly mistaken for a dandelion. False dandelion is a perennial weed that’s originally from Eurasia. But it’s now found in most parts of the world, growing in a range of soil conditions. You’ll often find it in grass lawns and fields, beside roads, and in disturbed areas. The plant
produces yellow flower heads that mature and form seed puffs that are similar
to dandelions. And it has green, lobed leaves that can grow up to 8-inches
long. Similar to a dandelion, the leaves form a rosette around a central
taproot. 假蒲公英也叫平草或猫耳草，因常被误认作蒲公英，故得“假蒲公英”这个名字。 假蒲公英是一种原生于欧亚大陆的多年生野草，现在世界大部分地区可见，因其能在多种土壤环境中生长，常见于草坪、庄稼地、路边以及受干扰地区。 该植物开黄色花朵，成熟后形成与蒲公英相似的种子绒球，绿色裂叶可长到8英寸长，与蒲公英相似，其叶子以主根为中心呈莲座状丛生分布。 英文材料来源： |
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