20000单词 九、词根 -val，-vail

九、词根 -val，-vail =worth 价值；strong：强壮

available [əˈveɪləb(ə)l] adj. 能找到的；可获得的；有空的；空闲的 623

助记：

      a (加强语气) +vail (=value=worth：价值) +able (可以) →有价值→可利用的，现成的 (= at one’s disposal：任由某人处理，使用) 

释义和用法：

      If something you want or need is available, you can find it or obtain it. 能找到的；可获得的

      Someone who is available is not busy and is therefore free to talk to you or to do a particular task.有空的；有暇的

搭配：

      options available (考)：可有的选择

      facilities available (考)：可用的设备

写作例句：

      在过去的几年内，中国人民积累了巨大的财富，因此也有更多可用的钱去买想要的数字化产品。

      Within the past few years, people in China have experienced a great wealth accumulation and therefore have more money available to afford the digital products desired.

avail [əˈveɪl] vi. 有用，有利 14789

词源：

      c. 1300, availen, “to help (someone), assist; benefit, be profitable to; be for the advantage of; have force or efficacy, serve for a purpose,” apparently an Anglo-French compound of Old French a- “to”(see ad-)+vaill-, present stem of valoir “be worth,” from Latin valere “be strong, be worth”(from PIE root *wal- “to be strong”). Related: Availed; availing. As a noun, from c. 1400.

释义和用法：

      (formal,or old-fashioned) to be helpful or useful to sb.有帮助；有益；有用

      If you do something to no avail or to little avail, what you do fails to achieve what you want.毫无用处；没效果

      If you avail yourself of an offer or an opportunity, you accept the offer or make use of the opportunity. 接受 (提议) ；利用 (机会) 

例句：

      Guests should feel at liberty to avail themselves of your facilities.

      宾客们应该可以随意使用你们的各种设施。

availability [əˌveɪləˈbɪlətɪ] n. 可用性；有效性；实用性 4835

worth [wɜ:θ] adj. 值……的 n. 价值；意义 1360

释义和用法：

      If something is worth a particular amount of money, it can be sold for that amount or is considered to have that value. 价值；值……钱

      If you say that something is worth having, you mean that it is pleasant or useful, and therefore a good thing to have. 值得 (拥有) 

      If something is worth a particular action, or if an action is worth doing, it is considered to be important enough for that action. 具有 (某一行动) 的价值；值得 (做) 

      Someone’s worth is the value, usefulness, or importance that they are considered to have. (某人的) 价值，意义，重要性

例句：

      Their contribution was of great worth.

      他们的贡献具有伟大的意义。

worthy [ˈwə:ði] adj. 有价值的；值得的；可尊敬的；应该获得……的 5165

释义和用法：

      If a person or thing is worthy of something, they deserve it because they have the qualities or abilities required. 值得……的；应该获得……的

      A worthy person or thing is approved of by most people in society and considered to be morally respectable or correct. 值得尊敬的；可敬的；令人称许的

搭配：

      be worthy of (考)：值得

      worthy of admiration and respect (考)：值得崇敬和尊重

worthless [ˈwə:θlɪs] adj. 无价值的；不值钱的；一无是处的 9042

释义和用法：

      Something that is worthless is of no real value or use. 无价值的；不值钱的；没用处的

      Someone who is described as worthless is considered to have no good qualities or skills. 一无是处的；不中用的

例如：

      You feel you really are completely worthless and unlovable.

      你会觉得自己真是毫无价值，一点也不讨人喜欢。

worthwhile [wɜ:θˈwaɪl] adj. 值得做的，值得花时间的 7072

助记：

      worth (值得) +while (一会儿，时间) →值得花时间的，值得做的

释义和用法：

      If something is worthwhile, it is enjoyable or useful, and worth the time, money, or effort that is spent on it. 有价值的；令人愉快的；值得花费时间 (或金钱，精力) 的

例如：

      a worthwhile movie that was compelling enough to watch again...

      非常吸引人，值得再看一遍的精彩影片……

unworthy [ʌnˈwɜ:ðɪ] adj. 不值得的；配不上的；不相称的 15223

释义和用法：

      If a person or thing is unworthy of something good, they do not deserve it. 不值得的；配不上的

例如：

      He felt unworthy of being married to such an attractive woman.

      他觉得自己不配娶这么迷人的女人

释义和用法：

      If you say that an action is unworthy of someone, you mean that it is not a nice thing to do and someone with their reputation or position should not do it. 不相称的；与 (某人) 身份不相符的

例如：

      His accusations are unworthy of a prime minister.

      他的指责与其首相身份不相称。

noteworthy [ˈnəʊtwɜ:ðɪ] adj. 显著的；值得注意的 9678

释义和用法：

A fact or event that is noteworthy is interesting, remarkable, or significant in some way. 值得注意的；显著的；有趣的

例如：It is noteworthy that the programme has been shifted from its original August slot to July.

值得注意的是该节目已从原来8月份的档期换到了7月份。

slot [slɒt] n.（时间表，计划中的）时段，位置；（机器或容器上的）狭缝，狭孔 4986

A slot in a schedule or scheme is a place in it where an activity can take place. (时间表，计划中的) 时段，位置

例如：The first episode occupies a peak evening viewing slot.

第一集占据了傍晚的一个黄金收视时段。

A slot is a narrow opening in a machine or container, for example a hole that you put coins in to make a machine work. (机器或容器上的) 狭缝，狭孔

例如：He dropped a coin into the slot and dialed.

他往投币孔里投了一枚硬币，然后拨了电话。

self-worth [ˈself ˈwə:θ] n. 自我价值感 16288

释义和用法：

Self-worth is the feeling that you have good qualities and have achieved good things. 自我价值感

例如：Try not to link your sense of self-worth to the opinions of others.

尽量不要把你的自我价值感和别人的意见联系起来。

trustworthy [ˈtrʌs(t)wɜ:ðɪ] adj. 可信赖的；可靠的 13466

释义和用法：

A trustworthy person is reliable, responsible, and can be trusted completely. 可信赖的；值得信赖的；可靠的

例如：He is a trustworthy and level-headed leader.

他是个头脑冷静，值得信赖的领导。

level-headed [ˈlevl ˈhedɪd] adj. 头脑冷静的；稳健的 171

If you describe a person as level-headed, you mean that they are calm and sensible even in difficult situations. 头脑冷静的；稳健的

prevail [prɪˈveɪl] vi. 盛行，流行；占上风；占优势；获胜 4795

助记：

      pre (以前) +vail (=power，strong：实力，力量) →以前有实力，势力→“盛”极一时→盛行，流行；占上风

词源：

      c. 1400, “be successful; be efficacious,” from Old French prevaleir (Modern French prévaloir) and directly from Latin praevalere “be stronger, have greater power,” from prae “before”(see pre-)+valere “have power, be strong”(from PIE root *wal- “to be strong”). Spelling in English perhaps influenced by avail. Related: Prevailed; prevailing.

释义和用法：

      If a proposal, principle, or opinion prevails, it gains influence or is accepted, often after a struggle or argument. (提议，原则，观点) 占上风，占优势，获胜，被接受

例如：

      We hope that common sense would prevail...

      我们希望情理会占上风。

释义和用法：

      If a situation, attitude, or custom prevails in a particular place at a particular time, it is normal or most common in that place at that time. (情形，态度，风俗) 盛行，流行，普遍

例如：

      A similar situation prevails in America

      相似的情况在美国随处可见……

释义和用法：

      If one side in a battle, contest, or dispute prevails, it wins. (在战斗，竞赛，争论中) 获胜，取胜

例如：

      I do hope he will prevail over the rebels.

      我确实希望他能战胜叛乱者。

prevailing [prɪˈveɪlɪŋ] adj. 一般的，普通的；盛行的；（风）常刮的 6883

释义和用法：

existing or most common at a particular time 普遍的；盛行的；流行的；

例如：the attitude towards science prevailing at the time

当时对科学的流行看法

例句：The prevailing view seems to be that they will find her guilty.

一般人的看法似乎认为她会被判有罪。

释义和用法：

      The prevailing wind in an area is the one that blows over it most frequently. (指风) 一地区常刮的，盛行的

搭配：

      a prevailing trend (考)：一个流行的趋势

prevalent [ˈprev(ə)l(ə)nt] adj. 流行的；盛行的；普遍的 7094

助记：

      pre (以前) +val (=power：力量，实力) +ent (形容词后缀) →以前有权有势的家族→“盛”极一时的，盛行的，流行的

释义和用法：

a condition, practice, or belief that is prevalent is common 流行的；盛行的；普遍的

例如：Smoking is becoming increasingly prevalent among younger women...

抽烟在年轻女性中变得越来越常见……

搭配：

      prevalent myths (考)：盛行的神话

写作例句：如今，浪费现象在大学里非常流行，并且很严重。

Nowadays, waste is quite prevalent and serious on campus.

prevalence [ˈprevələns] n. 流行；普遍；广泛 7589

value [ˈvælju:] n. 价值；重要性 vt. 重视；珍惜；给……估价 500

释义和用法：

The value of something such as a quality, attitude, or method is its importance or usefulness. If you place a particular value on something, that is the importance or usefulness you think it has. 重要性；有用性；益处

If you value something or someone, you think that they are important and you appreciate them. 认为……重要；重视；珍视

例如：If you value your health then you’ll start being a little kinder to yourself.

如果你重视自己的健康，你就要开始对自己好一点。

When experts value something, they decide how much money it is worth. 

给……估价；给……定价

例如：I asked him if he would have my jewellery valued for insurance purposes...

我问他能否给我的珠宝进行保险估价……

values [ˈvæljuz] n. 价值观；道德标准 50124

释义和用法：

The values of a person or group are the moral principles and beliefs that they think are important. 价值观；道德标准

例如：The countries of South Asia also share many common values.

南亚各国也有许多相同的价值观。

搭配：

      conventional values (考)：传统的价值观

valued [ˈvælju:d] adj. 贵重的；宝贵的；经估价的；重要的 15704

valuable [ˈvæljʊəb(ə)l] adj. 贵重的；有价值的；可估价的 2628

释义和用法：

If you describe something or someone as valuable, you mean that they are very useful and helpful. 有价值的；有益的；有用的

例如：If you decide to do you own make-up, here are a few valuable tips that will help you look your best.

如果你决定自己化妆，这里有一些有用的小窍门，可以帮助你呈现最美的一面。

Valuable objects are objects which are worth a lot of money. 贵重的；值钱的

例如：Just because a camera is old does not mean it is valuable.

古旧的相机不一定就值钱。

valuation [væljʊˈeɪʃ(ə)n] n. 计算；评价，估价 11129

释义和用法：

A valuation is a judgment that someone makes about how much money something is worth. 估价；估值

例如：an independent valuation of the company

一份对这家公司的独立评估

value-added [ˌvæljuˈædɪd] adj. 增值的 18244

搭配：

      a value-added tax 增值税

undervalue [ʌndəˈvælju:] vt. 低估……之价值；看轻 18722

助记：

      under (达不到；不够) +value (估计；估值) →低估了价值；看轻

释义和用法：

If you undervalue something or someone, you fail to recognize how valuable or important they are. 低估；轻视；小看

例如：We must never undervalue freedom.

我们决不能低估自由的价值。

devalue [di:ˈvælju:] vt. 使贬值；降低……的价值 14343

助记：

      de (=down：下降) +value (价值) →价值下降→贬值；贬低

释义和用法：

To devalue something means to cause it to be thought less impressive or less deserving of respect. 降低……的价值；贬低

例如：They spread tales about her in an attempt to devalue her work...

他们散布一些有关她的流言，企图贬低她的工作……

释义和用法：

      To devalue the currency of a country means to reduce its value in relation to other currencies. 使 (货币) 贬值

例如：India has devalued the Rupee by about eleven percent.

印度已将卢比贬值了约11%。

devaluation [ˌdi:væljʊˈeɪʃən] n. 货币贬值 15794

evaluate [ɪˈvæljʊeɪt] vt. 评价；估价；求……的值 2360

助记：

      e (=ex：出来) +valu (=value：价值) +ate (使动词) →使价值弄出来→评价，评估

释义和用法：

If you evaluate something or someone, you consider them in order to make a judgment about them, for example about how good or bad they are. 评估；评价

例如：The market situation is difficult to evaluate.

市场状况难以评价。

考题：

      Boasting a print of 995,000 on weekdays and 1.4 million on Sundays, The New York Times is the third bestselling American newspaper, behind the Wall Street Journal and USA Today.

      A．evaluation B．expansion C．circulation D．dimension

解析：

      原文翻译“《纽约时报》是美国发行量第三的报纸，仅次于《华尔街日报》和《今日美国》。他们声称工作日可以发售995000份报纸，周日可发售140万份。”故选C circulation：流通，发行；A：评估；B：扩张；D：维，尺寸

evaluation [ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃn] n. 评价；估价；评估；求值 2374

evaluative [ɪˈvæljʊˌetɪv] adj. 评价的；评估的 17728

evaluator [iˈvæljueitə] n. 评估员；[计]鉴别器；求值程序 16498

释义和用法：

      an authority who is able to estimate worth or quality

re-evaluate [ˈri:ɪˈvæljʊeɪt] vt. 再评估；再估价 13301

equivalent [ɪˈkwɪv(ə)l(ə)nt] adj. 等价的，相等的 n. 等价物；等量物；对应者4377

助记：

      equi (=equal：相同，等) +val (价值) ＋ent→等价的，等同的

释义和用法：

equal in value, amount, meaning, importance, etc. (价值，数量，意义，重要性等) 相等的，相同的

If one amount or value is the equivalent of another, they are the same. 等价物；等量物

The equivalent of someone or something is a person or thing that has the same function (功能) in a different place, time, or system. 对应物；对应者

搭配：

      be equivalent to (考)：等价于，等同于

例句：Lighting eats up 20 percent of the world’s electricity, or the equivalent of roughly 600,000 tons of coal a day.

照明用电消耗了全球总电量的20%，相当于每天消耗大约60万吨煤。

equivalence [ɪˈkwɪv(ə)l(ə)ns] n. 等值；相等 18776

valid [ˈvælɪd] adj. 正当的；有效的，有根据的 4758

词源：

1570s, “having force in law, legally binding,” from Middle French valide (16c.), from Latin validus “strong, effective, powerful, active,” from valere “be strong”(from PIE root *wal- “to be strong”). The meaning “sufficiently supported by facts or authority, well-grounded” is first recorded 1640s.

助记：

      val (=strong，force：力量，效力) +id (的) → (在法律上) 有效力的→有效的，正当的

释义和用法：

If a ticket or other document is valid, it can be used and will be accepted by people in authority. (票证等) 有效的

例如：For foreign holidays you will need a valid passport.

出国度假需持有效护照。

A valid argument, comment, or idea is based on sensible reasoning. 有根据的；正当的；合理的

例如：They put forward many valid reasons for not exporting.

他们提出了很多不出口的正当理由。

validate [ˈvælɪdeɪt] vt. 使生效；证实；确认 7647

助记：

      valid (有效的) +ate (动词后缀，使) →使生效

释义和用法：

to make sth legally valid 使生效；使有法律效力。

例如：to validate a contract

使合同生效

释义和用法：

      To validate something such as a claim or statement means to prove or confirm that it is true or correct. 证实；确证；确认

例如：

      How that evidence was evaluated and validated by historians...

历史学家如何评估和确认该证据……

validation [ˌvælɪˈdeɪʃən] n. 证实；确认；生效 11150

validity [vəˈlɪdɪtɪ] n. 有效性；正确性；可信性 4593

助记：

      valid (有效) +ity (名词后缀) →有效性；正确性

释义和用法：

the state of being legally or officially acceptable (法律上的) 有效，合法性；(正式的) 认可

The validity of something such as a result or a piece of information is whether it can be trusted or believed. 正当(性)；正确(性)；可信(性)

例如：Shocked by the results of the elections, they now want to challenge the validity of the vote.

选举结果令他们很震惊，他们现在要对选举的可信性/合法性提出质疑。

We had doubts about the validity of their argument.

我们对他们的论点的正确性有过怀疑。

invalid [ˈɪnvəlɪd; ɪnˈvælɪd] adj. 无效的；作废的；站不住脚的 n. 病人；伤残者 19968

助记：

      in (否定) +valid (有效的) →无效的

释义和用法：

If an action, procedure, or document is invalid, it cannot be accepted, because it breaks the law or some official rule. 无效的；作废的

例如：The trial was stopped and the results declared invalid.

审判被中止，判决结果被宣布无效。

释义和用法：

      An invalid is someone who needs to be cared for because they have an illness or disability. 病人；病弱者；伤残者

例如：

      I hate being treated as an invalid.

      我讨厌被人当作伤病号对待。

invalidate [ɪnˈvælɪdeɪt] vt. 使无效；使站不住脚 14999

助记：

      invalid (无效的；站不住脚的) +ate (动词后缀，使) →使无效；使站不住脚

invaluable [ɪnˈvæljʊ(ə)b(ə)l] adj. 非常宝贵的；极其有用的 10315

助记：

      in (加强语气) +valuable (有价值的，宝贵的) →非常宝贵的；极其有用的

释义和用法：

If you describe something as invaluable, you mean that it is extremely useful. 非常宝贵的；极为有用的

例如：I was able to gain invaluable experience over that year.

在那一年里我有幸获得了非常宝贵的经验。

valor [ˈvælə] n. 英勇；勇猛（等于valour） 18481

助记：

      val (=strong：强大的，勇猛的) +or (名词后缀) →勇猛；英勇

释义和用法：

the qualities of a hero or heroine; exceptional or heroic courage when facing danger (especially in battle) 英勇

例如：He received a medal for valor.

他获得了英勇勋章。

valiant [ˈvælɪənt] adj. 英勇的，勇敢的 17095

助记：

      vali (=valor：英勇) +ant (形容词后缀) →英勇的，勇敢的

释义和用法：

A valiant action is very brave and determined, though it may lead to failure or defeat. 勇敢的；果决的；无畏的

例如：a valiant attempt to keep the business going

为把生意维持下去而作的勇敢尝试

wield [wi:ld] vt. 挥舞；使用；行使 7597

助记：

      wiel (=-wal=-val：strong，power：力量) +d (无意义) → (有力量去) 挥舞 (武器)，行使 (权利) 

释义和用法：

If you wield a weapon, tool, or piece of equipment, you carry and use it. 使用；挥舞 (武器，工具等) 

If someone wields power, they have it and are able to use it. 掌握；运用；行使 (权利) 

例如：He remains chairman, but wields little power at the company.

他还是主席，但在公司没有什么实权了。

unwieldy [ʌnˈwi:ldɪ] adj. 笨重的；不灵便的；难处理的 16860

助记：

      un (否定) +wield (挥舞；操作) +y (此时做形容词后缀) →不好操作/控制的；臃肿的；笨重的；不灵巧的

释义和用法：

(of an object) difficult to move or control because of its size, shape or weight (东西) 笨重的；笨拙的；不灵巧的

(of a system or group of people) difficult to control or organize because it is very large or complicated (体制或团体) 难控制 (或操纵，管理) 的；臃肿的；尾大不掉的

例如：an unwieldy legal system

一套臃肿的法律体系

高难度词汇：

ambivalent [æmˈbɪv(ə)l(ə)nt] adj. 矛盾情绪的；喜忧参半的；摇摆不定的10980

词源：

“Simultaneous conflicting feelings,” 1924 (1912 as ambivalency), from German Ambivalenz, coined 1910 by Swiss psychologist Eugen Bleuler on model of German Equivalenz “equivalence,” etc., from Latin ambi- “both, on both sides”(see ambi-)+valentia “strength,” abstract noun from present participle of valere “be strong”(from PIE root *wal- “to be strong”). A psychological term that by 1929 had taken on a broader literary and general sense.

助记：

      ambi (两个) +val (=strength：力量) +ent (形容词后缀) →两股 (情绪的) 力量在对抗→矛盾情绪的；喜忧参半的；摇摆不定的

释义和用法：

having or showing both good and bad feelings about sb/sth (忧喜参半，好坏参半等) 矛盾情绪的

例如：She seems to feel ambivalent about her new job.

她似乎对新工作忧喜参半。

释义和用法：

      If you say that someone is ambivalent about something, they seem to be uncertain whether they really want it, or whether they really approve of it. 摇摆不定的；犹豫不决的

例如：

      He maintained an ambivalent attitude to the Church throughout his long life.

      在他漫长的一生中，他对基督教信仰始终是一种摇摆不定的态度。

ambivalence [æmˈbɪv(ə)l(ə)ns; æmˈbɪvəl(ə)ns; æmˈbɪvələns] n. 矛盾情绪；喜忧参半；摇摆不定 10087

convalesce [ˌkɒnvəˈles] vi. 逐渐康复；恢复 33

词源：

“To grow better after sickness, make progress toward the recovery of health,” late 15c., from Latin convalescere “thrive, regain health, begin to grow strong or well,” from assimilated form of com-, here probably an intensive prefix (see com-),+valescere “to begin to grow strong,” inchoative of valere “to be strong”(from PIE root *wal- “to be strong”). Only in Caxton and Scottish writers until 19c. Related: Convalesced; convalescing.

助记：

      con (加强语气) +val (=strong：变得强壮) +esce (后缀) → (在生病/术后) 慢慢变得强壮起来→逐渐康复；恢复

释义和用法：

If you are convalescing, you are resting and getting your health back after an illness or operation. 逐渐康复；病后疗养

例如：After two weeks, I was allowed home, where I convalesced for three months.

两周之后，我获准回家，休养了3个月之后逐渐康复。

valence [ˈveɪləns] n.（化合）价，原子价 353

助记：

      val (价) +ence→ (化合) 价，原子价

释义和用法：

(chemistry) a property of atoms (原子) or radicals(自由基); their combining power given in terms of the number of hydrogen (氢) atoms (or the equivalent) (化) 化合价

例如：Hydrogen is a one - valence element.

氢是一价的元素。

bivalent [baɪˈveɪlənt] adj. 二价的 29

助记：

      bi (二) +val (价) +ent (形容词后缀) →二价的

multivalent [ˌmʌltɪˈveɪlənt] adj. 多化合价的 96

助记：

      multi (=many：多) +val (价) +ent (形容词后缀) →多价的

polyvalent [ˌpɒliveɪlənt] adj. 多价的；多功能的；多形式的 53

助记：

      poly (多) +val (价) +ent (形容词后缀) →多价的

词源：

Poly-word-forming element meaning “many, much, multi-, one or more,” from Greek poly-, combining form of polys “much”(plural polloi), from PIE root *pele- (1) “to fill,” with derivatives referring to multitudinousness or abundance. Properly used in compounds only with words of Greek origin. In chemical names, usually indicating a compound with a large number of atoms or molecules of the same kind (such as polymer).

释义和用法：

(chemistry) having a valency of 3 or more (化) 多价的

having many different functions or forms (化) 多功能的；多形式的

例如：polyvalent managerial skills

多方面的管理技能