老司城

各位朋友： 大家好！

欢迎来到世界文化遗产永顺老司城参观游览，老司城是土司制度的物化载体，是中国古代民族区域自治制

度发展的活标本。于 2001 年被公布为第五批全国重点文物保护单位。2015 年永顺老司城遗址与湖北恩施唐崖土司城遗址、贵州遵义海龙囤土司遗址联合代表的中国土司遗产被列入世界文化遗产名录。2016 年 5 月 1 日，老司城遗址作为风景区正式对外开放。2016 年 12 月，老司城景区列为国家 AAAA 级旅游景区。

老司城位于永顺县城以东 19.5 公里的灵溪河畔，地处猛洞河漂流景区上游，隶属永顺县灵溪镇司城村。

公元 1135 年，彭氏第十一世继承人彭福石在此修筑城池，其后繁荣昌盛达 600 余年之久。亲爱的各位朋友， 您可能会问老司城周围既没有开阔的河谷也没有矿产或可耕之地，当初为何要选择这样一个闭塞、偏僻、贫瘠之地建成呢？据专家考证，老司城虽然没有外城墙，但其以山为障、以水为池，已经构成了坚固的防

御。在通往老司城的各个山道隘口还设有“八关、一口、一界”防御着来自四面八方的危险。由此可见， 老司城选址在这里其主要的目的是在于军事上的防御。老司城遗址分布在灵溪河东侧排地上，大致呈南北走向，遗址总面积约 25 平方公里，可分为贵族生活区、衙署区、街巷区、墓葬区、宗教区和菀墅区。

首先进入的是贵族生活区，贵族生活区位于老司城遗址北部，呈椭圆形，周长为 400 米左右。从东西北三面保存完好的城墙可以看出当年土司工程的恢弘气势，分为金銮殿、太极宫、寿宫、娱乐宫、丞相府等。

土司王处理政务的是金銮殿，金銮殿位于直达午门前的平台,平台为八步宽。午门为第一进，金銮殿没有大门，是全敞开的，五个大门都和午门同等的宽度和高度。金銮殿基础宽为九丈六尺，净身为三十丈， 坐东北朝西南，属艮坤向。大家可以看到金銮殿内的装饰除木雕、石雕、浮雕花砖外，还有金、银、铜等金属装，殿内金碧辉煌。

接着我们一起走进衙署区，衙署区位于贵族生活区南侧，东北高，西南低，周长 400 余米，面积近九千平方米。建于衙署区的第五层台阶上的彭氏宗祠是供奉历代土司的神圣之地，祠内有土司塑像供后人祭拜。宗祠建于明而重修于清，是单檐悬山式建筑。门中这对硕大的石鼓每只重五千斤以上，传说是土家英雄鲁里八嘎和克东盲人徒手从千里之外运来的。

老司城原来街巷密布，纵横相通，相传有八街九巷的格局，由于城内建筑变迁以及自然破坏，现在尚有五街仍在使用，街巷全部由红褐色卵石砌（qie）砌（qi）路面。铺砌有菱形、三角形和直线组成的几何图案，整齐匀称，古朴雅致，颇具民族特色。大家脚下的这条街是正街，南北走向，是老司城土司时期的主要街道。正街的保存非常完好，现在仍然是村民出入的主要道路。

这儿是老司城的墓葬区，紫金山墓地在老司城东南郊，是明代永顺彭氏土司的家族墓地，墓地面积约一万平方米，现已探明土司及眷属墓葬共三十八座。目前所确认的土司墓有彭世麒、彭宗舜、彭翼南墓等。在考古发掘中著名土司王彭翼南的墓志铭得以重见天日，墓志铭详细记载了，他率领士兵抗击倭寇为国浴血奋战的英雄事迹。

老司城南部有一片神圣的区域，这里的土司时期的宗教区。眼前的祖师殿是湘西保存最完好的古代建筑，也是湘西的一处道教圣地，为土司时期重要的祭祀和宗教场所。遇重大节庆和外出征战都要来此殿择定良日和祭祀以保平安。祖师殿建筑群中轴线自西向东依次为祖师殿、皇经台、过亭、玉皇阁，为双檐歇山顶木结构建筑，以 34 根楠木大柱支撑屋顶。大家看，这儿砌有神龛一座，上面供奉祖师神像，殿宇斗拱雄伟古朴，梁架结构，颇为特殊，是土家族地区颇具民族特色的建筑。祖师殿虽不如紫禁城皇宫大殿那般金碧辉煌，但是楠木大柱遇雨散发的屡屡幽香，倒也让人感觉十分别致。

好了，各位朋友，老司城景区的讲解就到此结束了。今天的老司城以残垣断壁所呈现出的真实性、完整性和唯一性震撼了全世界，希望大家下次再次光临老司城！谢谢大家！

Laosi City

Hello everyone!

Welcome to the World Cultural Heritage Site of Yongshun Laosi City for sightseeing. Laosi City is the materialized carrier of the tusi system and the ancient ethnic regional autonomy system in China

A living specimen of development. It was announced as the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units in 2001. In 2015, the Yongshun Laosi City Site, together with the Tang Ya Tusi City Site in Enshi, Hubei, and the Hailongdun Tusi Site in Zunyi, Guizhou, jointly represented the Chinese Tusi Heritage Site, was included in the World Cultural Heritage List. On May 1, 2016, the Old City Site was officially opened to the public as a scenic area. In December 2016, Laosicheng Scenic Area was listed as a national AAAA level tourist attraction.

Laosicheng is located on the banks of the Lingxi River, 19.5 kilometers east of Yongshun County. It is situated upstream of the Mengdong River Drifting Scenic Area and is under the jurisdiction of Sicheng Village, Lingxi Town, Yongshun County.

In 1135 AD, Peng Fushi, the eleventh heir of the Peng family, built a city here and flourished for over 600 years. Dear friends, you may ask why we chose to build on such a closed, remote, and barren land when there are no open river valleys, minerals, or arable land around Laosi City? According to expert research, although Laosi City does not have an outer city wall, it has formed a strong defense with mountains as barriers and water as pools

Yu. At various mountain passes leading to Laosi City, there are also "eight passes, one entrance, and one boundary" to defend against dangers from all directions. It can be seen that the main purpose of selecting the location of Laosi City here is for military defense. The Laosicheng Site is located on the east side of the Lingxi River, roughly in a north-south direction, with a total area of about 25 square kilometers. It can be divided into noble living areas, government offices, streets and alleys, burial areas, religious areas, and Wanshu areas.

The first one to enter is the aristocratic living area, which is located in the northern part of the Old City ruins, forming an oval shape with a circumference of about 400 meters. The well preserved city walls on the east, west, and north sides show the grandeur of the Tusi project, which was divided into the Jin Luan Palace, Tai Chi Palace, Shou Palace, Entertainment Palace, Prime Minister's Mansion, and so on.

The chieftain king handles government affairs at the Jin Luan Hall, which is located on a platform that leads directly to the Meridian Gate. The platform is eight steps wide. The Meridian Gate is the first entrance, and the Golden Luan Hall does not have a main gate, but is fully open. The five main gates are of the same width and height as the Meridian Gate. The foundation of Jinluan Hall is nine zhang and six feet wide, with a net body of thirty zhang. It faces northeast and southwest, belonging to the Genkun direction. You can see that in addition to wood carvings, stone carvings, and relief tiles, the decoration inside the Jinluan Hall also includes metal decorations such as gold, silver, and copper, making the hall magnificent and magnificent.

Next, we walked into the yama district together. The yama district is located on the south side of the aristocratic living area, high in the northeast and low in the southwest, with a circumference of over 400 meters and an area of nearly 9000 square meters. The Peng Clan Ancestral Hall, built on the fifth floor of the yamen district, is a sacred place for worshipping chieftains of all dynasties. Inside the temple, there are statues of chieftains for future generations to worship. The ancestral temple was built in the Ming Dynasty and renovated in the Qing Dynasty. It is a single eaved mountain style building. The pair of huge stone drums in the door weigh over 5000 pounds each, and it is said that they were brought by Tujia heroes Luli Baga and Kedong blind people from thousands of miles away by hand.

Old Si City used to have densely packed streets and alleys that were interconnected, with a layout of eight streets and nine alleys according to legend. Due to changes in the city's architecture and natural damage, there are still five streets still in use, all of which are paved with red brown pebbles. Paved with geometric patterns composed of diamonds, triangles, and straight lines, neat and symmetrical, quaint and elegant, with a strong ethnic characteristic. The street under everyone's feet is the main street, running north-south, which was the main street during the Tusi period in Old Sicheng. The main street is well preserved and still serves as the main road for villagers to enter and exit.

This is the burial area of Laosi City. The Zijinshan Cemetery is located in the southeast suburbs of Laosi City and is the family cemetery of the Peng family chieftain of Yongshun in the Ming Dynasty. The cemetery covers an area of about 10000 square meters, and a total of 38 tombs of the chieftain and his family have been discovered. The confirmed chieftain tombs currently include the tombs of Peng Shiqi, Peng Zongshun, and Peng Yinan. In archaeological excavations, the epitaph of the famous chieftain, Peng Yinan, was brought back to light. The epitaph provides detailed records of his heroic deeds in leading soldiers to fight against Japanese pirates and fight for the country.

There is a sacred area in the southern part of Laosi City, which was a religious district during the Tusi period. The Ancestral Master Hall in front of us is the most well preserved ancient architecture in Xiangxi, and also a Taoist holy site in Xiangxi. It was an important sacrificial and religious site during the Tusi period. When encountering major festivals and going out for battles, one should come to this hall to choose a good day and offer sacrifices to ensure safety. The central axis of the Zu Shi Dian architectural complex is from west to east, with Zu Shi Dian, Huang Jing Tai, Guo Ting, and Yu Huang Ge in sequence. It is a double eaved gable roof wooden structure building supported by 34 large pillars of nanmu. Look, there is a shrine built here, on which the statue of the founder is worshipped. The hall arch of wooden architecture is magnificent and simple, with a beam frame structure, which is quite special. It is a building with national characteristics in the Tujia area. Although the Ancestral Master Hall is not as magnificent as the main hall of the Forbidden City Palace, the repeated fragrance emitted by the Nanmu pillars in the rain also makes people feel very unique.

Alright, friends, that concludes the explanation of the Old Sicheng Scenic Area. Today, the authenticity, completeness, and uniqueness presented by the ruins of Laosi City have shocked the world. We hope everyone can visit Laosi City again next time! Thank you all!