  兵马俑    兵马俑，即秦始皇陵兵马俑，位于今陕西省西安市临潼区秦始皇陵以东1.5千米处的兵马俑坑内。 兵马俑一共有三个俑坑，1号坑是已发现的三个俑坑中面积最大的，以步兵和车兵为主。2号俑坑是由步兵、骑兵和车兵穿插组成的混合部队。3号俑坑是统率一号坑和二号坑军阵的指挥机关。 兵马俑从身份上区分，主要有士兵与军吏两大类，军吏又有低级、中级、高级之别。 兵马俑的发现过程 The discovery process of the Terracotta Warriors   1974年3月，陕西临潼县晏寨乡西扬村村民在秦始皇陵东1.5公里处打井时，意外地发现了许多碎陶人，经考古工作者探测，这是一个长方形的秦代兵马俑坑。 1976年通过钻探，在此坑的北侧和25米处分别又发现了两处兵马俑坑。按照它们发现的时间把它们分别定名为兵马俑一、二、三号坑。三个坑的总面积为22,780平方米。 In March 1974, villagers from Xiyang Village in Yanzhai Township, Lintong County, Shaanxi Province, accidentally discovered many broken clay figures while digging a well 1.5 kilometers east of the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor. After investigation by archaeologists, it was determined that this was a rectangular pit of Qin Dynasty terracotta warriors. In 1976, through drilling exploration, two more pits of terracotta warriors were discovered 25 meters to the north of the first pit. They were named Pit One, Pit Two, and Pit Three according to the order of their discovery. The total area of the three pits is 22,780 square meters. 兵马俑的种类 The types of the Terracotta Warriors   1 武士俑 warrior figure 它们数量众多，神态各异，是兵马俑的主体。根据装备和职能，又可细分为战袍武士俑和铠甲武士俑。前者身着战袍，轻装上阵，可能是冲锋在前的士兵；后者身披铠甲，防护性强，多担任作战主力或重要岗位。 They are numerous and form the main body of the Terracotta Army. Based on their equipment and functions, they can be further divided into war-coat warriors and armored warriors. The former wear war coats and are lightly equipped, possibly representing soldiers who charged forward in battle; the latter are clad in armor, providing strong protection and often serving as the main force in combat or occupying important positions. 2 车兵俑 Warrior figurines of chariots 战车作战的重要人员，手持弓弩等兵器，分工明确，有御手俑负责驾驭马车，车左俑和车右俑分别持不同武器，协助御手作战并保护车辆 。 These are key personnel in chariot warfare, holding weapons such as crossbows. Their roles are clearly defined: charioteer figures are responsible for driving the chariots, while left-chariot figures and right-chariot figures hold different weapons to assist the charioteer in battle and protect the vehicle. 3 骑兵俑 Cavalry soldier figurine 负责骑兵作战，头戴圆形小帽，身穿紧袖、交领右衽双襟掩于胸前的上衣，下穿紧口连档长裤，脚登短靴，身披短而小的铠甲，肩上无披膊，手上持弓、弩等兵器。 Responsible for cavalry combat, they wear round caps, tight-sleeved, cross-collared jackets with double flaps covering the front, tight-fitting trousers with attached stirrups, short boots, and short, small armor. They have no shoulder guards and hold weapons such as bows and crossbows in their hands. 4 车马俑 Horse and chariot figurines 每乘战车前都驾有四匹陶马，陶马的大小和真马相似，身长约2.10米，通高1.72米。分为立姿和跪姿两种，立姿陶马昂首嘶鸣，张嘴作欲饮状，双耳竖立；跪姿陶马前肢跪地，后肢直立，作休息状。 Each chariot is drawn by four terracotta horses, which are similar in size to real horses, with a length of about 2.10 meters and a height of 1.72 meters. The horses are divided into two postures: standing and kneeling. The standing horses have their heads raised, mouths open as if about to drink, and their ears pricked up; the kneeling horses have their front legs on the ground and their hind legs standing upright, appearing to be resting. 文字：任奥璇 排版：宋梓萌 |
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