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定语从句的十大考点
2012-02-10 | 阅:  转:  |  分享 
  
定语从句的十大考点

修饰名词或者代词的从句叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词或者代词叫先行词;定语从句的引导词叫关系词(关系代词&关系副词);定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句(前有逗号隔开)

引导定语从句的关系代词有:thatwhichwhowhomwhoseas

关系副词有:whenwherewhy



定语从句的十大考点,总结如下:

1.that与which在指代物时的用法区别

that和which都可以引导先行词为物的定语从句,但是用法有区别:

只能用that的五种情况

先行词为不定代词或先行词由不定代词修饰时

先行词前有最高级或序数词修饰时

先行词即有人又有物时

先行词前有thevery,theonly修饰时

主句为which,或who引导的特殊疑问句时

只能用which的两种情况

非限定性定语从句中

介词之后引导定语从句时

2.which与as的区别

as和which都可以引导非限制性定语从句,三种情况下只能用as,不能用which

as置于句首引导定语从句时(Asweknow,…)

as含有“正如”之意(…asweexpected)

先行词前有such,thesame修饰时(…suchaneasyquestionasthelittleboycananswer.)

3.who、whom、that的区别

a.先行词为those或people时,常用关系代词who,不用that

b.介词之后用关系代词whom引导定语从句

4.whose用法

whose+n.引导定语从句的结构是定语从句的一个考查热点,此结构可以换成是the+n.+of+which引导定语从句或者可以换成是ofwhich+the+n.

e.g.Themanpulledoutagoldwatch,thehandsofwhichweremadeofsmalldiamonds.



whosehands/ofwhichthehands

5.介词+关系代词引导定语从句的用法

a.介词之后的关系代词只能用which(先行词为物)或者是whom(先行词为人)

b.介词的选择方法有三个原则:一“先”二“动”三“意义”

Ilostmypen,withwhichItooknotes.(先行词为pen,使用钢笔用with)

Thisisthehouseinwhichhelives.(定语从句中谓语动词live为不及物动词)

Thegasisoxygenwithoutwhichwecan’tlive.(根据句意决定)

6.先行词为way时

先行词为way,在定语从句中作状语时,用that,inwhich引导定语从句,也可以省略关系词。

e.g.Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)hespeakstohisparents.

7.关系副词when、where、when引导定语从句的具体用法

①先行词表示时间、地点、原因时,在定语从句中作状语,选择相应的关系副词when、where、why引导定语从句。若其在定语从句中作主语或宾语,则选择关系代词引导定语从句。区别三组例句:

wherehelives.

a.Thisistheplace

that/whichhevisitedlastyear.



whenmybrotherwasalittleboy.

b.Istillrememberthetime

that/whichwespenttogether.



whyhewaslate.

c.Thisisthereason

that/whichhegaveus.





②某些非地点时间名词有定语从句修饰,关系词在从句中作状语,由where引导定语从句(stage,case,point,situation);同样用法的还有occasion,由when引导定语从句。

e.g.Icanthinkofmanycaseswherestudentsknowalotofwordsbutdon’twriteagoodessay.

Therearemanyoccasionswhenpeopledon’tknowwhattheywant.

8.定语从句中的谓语动词

关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词保持一致。

e.g.Anyonewhowantstohaveaholidayputsupyourhand.

Thosewhowanttohaveaholidayputupyourhand.

Thisisoneofthestudentswhohavepassedtheexam.

Thisistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohaspassedtheexam.

9.区分定语从句和其他句型

①区别于简单句和并列句

,mostofwhomareboys.(定语从句)



Thereare70studentsinourclass,andmostofthemareboys.(并列句)



.Mostofthemareboys.(简单句)



②区别于强调句型

Itisinthefactorythatheworks.(强调句型)

Itisthefactorywhereheworks.(定语从句)

Itisintheclassroom(wherewehaveclasses)thatthemeetingwillbeheld.



(定语从句修饰先行词theclassroom)





(强调句型,强调部分为介词短句intheclassroom)



③区别于同位语从句

thatshehadpassedtheexam(同位语从句:对名词解释说明)

Thenewsexcitedus.

thathetoldus(定语从句:对名词修饰限定)



④区别于状语从句

Doyouknowthetimewhentheclassisover?(定语从句,有先行词)

Let’splaygameswhentheclassisover.(时间状语从句,无先行词)

Putthebookwhereitbelongs.(地点状语从句,无先行词)

10.定语从句中关系词的省略

定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词可以省略,介词之后的关系代词不可省略。

Thisisthehousewhichhelivesin.(√)

Thisisthehousehelivesin.(√)

Thisisthehouseinwhichhelives.(√)

Thisisthehouseinhelives.(×)





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