定语从句的十大考点
修饰名词或者代词的从句叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词或者代词叫先行词;定语从句的引导词叫关系词(关系代词&关系副词);定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句(前有逗号隔开)
引导定语从句的关系代词有:thatwhichwhowhomwhoseas
关系副词有:whenwherewhy
定语从句的十大考点,总结如下:
1.that与which在指代物时的用法区别
that和which都可以引导先行词为物的定语从句,但是用法有区别:
只能用that的五种情况
先行词为不定代词或先行词由不定代词修饰时
先行词前有最高级或序数词修饰时
先行词即有人又有物时
先行词前有thevery,theonly修饰时
主句为which,或who引导的特殊疑问句时
只能用which的两种情况
非限定性定语从句中
介词之后引导定语从句时
2.which与as的区别
as和which都可以引导非限制性定语从句,三种情况下只能用as,不能用which
as置于句首引导定语从句时(Asweknow,…)
as含有“正如”之意(…asweexpected)
先行词前有such,thesame修饰时(…suchaneasyquestionasthelittleboycananswer.)
3.who、whom、that的区别
a.先行词为those或people时,常用关系代词who,不用that
b.介词之后用关系代词whom引导定语从句
4.whose用法
whose+n.引导定语从句的结构是定语从句的一个考查热点,此结构可以换成是the+n.+of+which引导定语从句或者可以换成是ofwhich+the+n.
e.g.Themanpulledoutagoldwatch,thehandsofwhichweremadeofsmalldiamonds.
whosehands/ofwhichthehands
5.介词+关系代词引导定语从句的用法
a.介词之后的关系代词只能用which(先行词为物)或者是whom(先行词为人)
b.介词的选择方法有三个原则:一“先”二“动”三“意义”
Ilostmypen,withwhichItooknotes.(先行词为pen,使用钢笔用with)
Thisisthehouseinwhichhelives.(定语从句中谓语动词live为不及物动词)
Thegasisoxygenwithoutwhichwecan’tlive.(根据句意决定)
6.先行词为way时
先行词为way,在定语从句中作状语时,用that,inwhich引导定语从句,也可以省略关系词。
e.g.Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)hespeakstohisparents.
7.关系副词when、where、when引导定语从句的具体用法
①先行词表示时间、地点、原因时,在定语从句中作状语,选择相应的关系副词when、where、why引导定语从句。若其在定语从句中作主语或宾语,则选择关系代词引导定语从句。区别三组例句:
wherehelives.
a.Thisistheplace
that/whichhevisitedlastyear.
whenmybrotherwasalittleboy.
b.Istillrememberthetime
that/whichwespenttogether.
whyhewaslate.
c.Thisisthereason
that/whichhegaveus.
②某些非地点时间名词有定语从句修饰,关系词在从句中作状语,由where引导定语从句(stage,case,point,situation);同样用法的还有occasion,由when引导定语从句。
e.g.Icanthinkofmanycaseswherestudentsknowalotofwordsbutdon’twriteagoodessay.
Therearemanyoccasionswhenpeopledon’tknowwhattheywant.
8.定语从句中的谓语动词
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词保持一致。
e.g.Anyonewhowantstohaveaholidayputsupyourhand.
Thosewhowanttohaveaholidayputupyourhand.
Thisisoneofthestudentswhohavepassedtheexam.
Thisistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohaspassedtheexam.
9.区分定语从句和其他句型
①区别于简单句和并列句
,mostofwhomareboys.(定语从句)
Thereare70studentsinourclass,andmostofthemareboys.(并列句)
.Mostofthemareboys.(简单句)
②区别于强调句型
Itisinthefactorythatheworks.(强调句型)
Itisthefactorywhereheworks.(定语从句)
Itisintheclassroom(wherewehaveclasses)thatthemeetingwillbeheld.
(定语从句修饰先行词theclassroom)
(强调句型,强调部分为介词短句intheclassroom)
③区别于同位语从句
thatshehadpassedtheexam(同位语从句:对名词解释说明)
Thenewsexcitedus.
thathetoldus(定语从句:对名词修饰限定)
④区别于状语从句
Doyouknowthetimewhentheclassisover?(定语从句,有先行词)
Let’splaygameswhentheclassisover.(时间状语从句,无先行词)
Putthebookwhereitbelongs.(地点状语从句,无先行词)
10.定语从句中关系词的省略
定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词可以省略,介词之后的关系代词不可省略。
Thisisthehousewhichhelivesin.(√)
Thisisthehousehelivesin.(√)
Thisisthehouseinwhichhelives.(√)
Thisisthehouseinhelives.(×)
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