OneoftheboldestAmericanpoliticalthinkersofhistime.Hami
ltondevelopedthedoctrineofimpliedpowers,whichsupportsal
iberalinterpretationoftheU.S.Constitution.Healsoservedas
thenation’sfirstsecretaryofthetreasury.AlexanderHamilton
(1755~1804)ThefourthU.S.president.Becauseof
hiscentralroleintheConstitutionalConvention,hebecameknow
nasthe“FatheroftheConstitution.”AsacongressmanfromVirg
inia,hesponsoredthefirsttenAmendmentsknownastheBillof
Rights.Madison,astrongsupporterofhumanrights,wasbynatur
eamediator.HekepttheUnitedStatesoutofwarwithNapoleon,
butreluctantlyledthecountryintoanotherwarwithBritainin
1812.Duringhissecondterm,heencouragednationalgrowth.Jam
esMadisonJohnJayhadadistinguishedcareerasanAmericansta
tesman,culminatinginhisselectionasthefirstchiefjusticeo
ftheUnitedStatesin1789.In1782hehelpednegotiatetheTrea
tyofParis,whichendedtheAmericanRevolution.In1794,while
chiefjustice,hewenttoBritainandnegotiatedJay''sTreaty,wh
ichavertedanotherwarwithBritain.Afterhisreturn,heresign
edaschiefjusticebecausehehadbeenelectedgovernorofNewY
ork.JohnJay(1745~1829)GeorgeWashington(1732~1799)Founding
FatheroftheUnitedStates;DeliveredhisinauguralAddressin
NewYorkCityOnApril30,1789OnSeptember17,1796Peacefullytu
rnedoverthePowerofthepresidencytoJohnAdamsBenjaminF
ranklin(1706-1790)DistinguishedmemberoftheContinentalCong
ressthatdraftedtheDeclarationofIndependenceHeandJohnJay
andJohnAdamsnegotiatedtheTreatyofParis(1783),whichende
dtheWarforIndependence.ThomasJefferson(1743~1826)Author
oftheDeclarationofIndependenceandthirdpresidentoftheUn
itedStatesNation’sgreatestchampionofrepresentativedemocrac
yandtherightsofmanThemosteloquentspokesmanonthefoundi
ngprinciplesofAmericanself-governmentJeanJacqueRousseau
(1712~1778)OneoftheprimaryprinciplesofRousseau''spolitical
philosophyisthatpoliticsandmoralityshouldnotbeseparated
.Whenastatefailstoactinamoralfashion,itceasestofunc
tioninthepropermannerandceasestoexertgenuineauthorityo
vertheindividual.Thesecondimportantprincipleisfreedom,whichthestateiscreatedtopreserve. |
|
