虚拟语气
编制人：王小惠审批人：刘功良编制日期:2011.9.15
【学习目标】
虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用
表示“坚持”，“命令”，“建议”，“要求”的词后的各类从句中的虚拟语气
wish,asif\asthough,ifonly,wouldrather+从句，和it’stimethat等句型中的虚拟语气
【预习效果检测】
IfI______(be)you,Iwouldgotoseeitmyself.
Ifyou____________(stay)uplate,youcouldhavecaughtthetrain.
IfIhadenoughmoneynextmonth,I____________(buy)acar.
Butforyourhelp,I______________(finish)it.
Withoutelectricity,humanlife_________(be)quitedifferent.
He_____________(come)toseeyouyesterday,buthewastoobusy.
I________(be)illyesterday.OtherwiseIwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.
Theyadvisedthatwe________(go)forawalk.
IwishI________(be)adoctor.
Iwouldratheryou________(tell)methebadnews.
It’ssowarm.Itseemsasifit________(be)spring.
It’stimethatyou________(go)tobed.
【教师点拨及拓展】
英语中语气的种类分为三种：
陈述语气：表示说话人认为他说的话是事实。
祈使语气：表示说话人提出请求，命令或劝告等。
虚拟语气：表示说话人认为他所说的是和事实相反的主观设想或主观愿望。
因此，虚拟语气所说的话不是一个事实，而是一个与事实相反的假设或表示不可能实现的愿望或空想。虚拟语气是通过谓语动词的变化来体现的。
虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用.
If条件句主句
1.与现在事实相反_______________________________
与过去事实相反________________________________
与将来事实相反a.________________________________
(3种情况)
b._______________
c._______________
e.g.Iftheweather__________finenow,we_______(go)foraswim
Ifwe___________(have)timenow,we___________(read)itagain.
.IfI___________(take)hisadvice,I___________(make)suchamistake.
Hewouldn’thavebeenabletowritesuchagoodnovel,ifhe___________(live)amongtheworkersforsomanyyears.
.Ifshe___________(come),Iwouldaskherforhelp.
2.If的省略与倒装.
如果虚拟语气中有动词had，should，were时，可将这三个词提前，省去if，形成倒装.
e.g..IfIweretenyearsyounger,Iwouldstudyharder.
==__________________________________________.
.Ifyouhadcomehereearlier,youwouldhavecaughtthebus.
==__________________________________________________.
.Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,wewouldgoskiing.
==____________________________________________________.
3.含蓄条件句.
有时候假设的情况并不用条件从句来表示，而是通过一些介词短语，副词，连词等，如:or,otherwise,without,butfor(要不是)来引导。
e.g.Butfor/Withoutyourhelp,Icouldn’thavepassedtheexam.
Hehelpedmeyesterday.OtherwiseIwouldhavefailed.
错综时间条件句.
有时候从句和主句分别表示发生在不同时间的动作或状态。这时主句和从句的动词形式要根据它所表示的具体时间加以调整。
e.gIfhehadtakenthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbeallrightnow.（从句是过去，主句为现在）
IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadviceyesterday.(从句为现在，主句为过去)
二.虚拟语气在其他从句中的应用。
1.名词性从句
在wish后引导的宾语从句中的应用
wish+that从句过去式（be—were）表示与现在相反的愿望
haddone表示与过去相反的愿望
could/would/might+do表示与将来相反的愿望
e.g.IwishthatI________(be)abirdand__________(fly)inthesky.
IwishthatI___________(meet)thatfilmstaryesterday.
HowIwishI__________(go)withyoutomorrow.
注:虚拟语气在asif/though中的用法等同于wish从句中的虚拟语气用法。
用于表示“建议”，“命令”，“要求”等词后的宾语从句，及相应名次后引导的表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气。如;insist(一个坚持),order,command,（两个命令）suggest，advice,propose（三个建议）,require,request,demand,ask（四个要求）+that从句should+do(should可以省)
eg.Mysuggestionisthatwe__________(ask)Mr.Smithfirst.
Hemadeaproposalthatwe__________(start)now.
HesuggestedthatI__________(see)thedoctoratonce.
注：suggest在表示“建议”时用虚拟语气。当“表明，暗示”讲时不用虚拟语气。Insist当“坚持某一观点，或事实”时不用虚拟语气。
eg.Hispalefacesuggestedthathewasill.
Heinsistedthathewasright.
wouldrather后宾语从句中的虚拟语气
Wouldrathersb.did(过去式)表示与现在，将来事实相反.
haddone表示与过去事实相反
eg.Iwouldratheryou_____________(tell)himthebadnewsjustnow.Heissosadnow.
Iwouldratheryou___________(go)withhimtoBeijingtomorrow.
虚拟语气在定语从句特殊句型中的应用
It’s(high)timethatsb.shoulddo/did（动词用should+动词原形或者动词过去式）。
其中should不可省去。Eg.It’stimethatyoushouldgo/wenttoschool.
【练习与展示】
1.Ifonlyhe____quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldlie2.HowIwisheveryfamily____alargehousewithabeautifulgarden.A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhad3.Youdidnotletmedrive.Ifwe____inturn,you____sotiredA.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot4._____itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridgeA.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will
5.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken6.Iinsisted_____toseeadoctor,butheinsistednothing___wrongwithhimA.onhimtogo;shouldbeB.hewent;beC.hego;wasD.heshouldto;is7.---Yourauntinvitesyoutothemoviestoday---Ihadrathershe____metomorrowthantodayA.tellsB.toldC.wouldtellD.hadtold8.---Wouldyouhavecalledheruphaditbeenpossible---Yes,butI____busydoingmyhomeworkA.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbe9.Iwasillthatday,otherwiseI____thesportsmeetA.wouldhavetakenpartinB.tookpartinC.hadtakenpartinD.wouldtakepartin10.___theclouds,youwouldfindtheairplaneintheskyeasilyA.HaditnotbeenforB.IfitwerenotC.IfithadnotbeenforD.Wereitnotfor11.Ifmylawyer____herelastSunday,he____mefromgoingA.hadbeen,wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen,wouldpreventC.were,preventD.were,wouldhaveprevented12.____hard,hewouldhavepassedtheexamA.IfheweretoworkB.HadheworkedC.ShouldheworkD.Werehetowork13.____today,hewouldgettherebyFridayA.WerehetoleaveB.IfhehadleftC.DidhetoleaveD.Hadheleft
14.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you____allrightnowA.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen15.Ididnotseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe____,shewouldhavemetmybrotherA.hascomeB.didcomeC.comeD.hadcome16.He____busyyesterday,orhe___youwithyourexperiment.A.was,hadhelpedB.was,wouldhavehelpedC.hadbeen,wouldhavehelpedD.were,wouldhavehelped17.Ifit____forthesnow,we____themountainyesterdayA.werenot,couldhaveclimbB.werenot,couldclimbC.hadnotbeen,couldhaveclimbedD.hadn’tbeen,couldclimb
Sheinsistedthatadoctor_____immediatelyA.hadsentforB.sendC.besentforD.wassent18.---Didyouscoldhimforhiscarelessness----Yes,but____it
A.I’drathernotdoB.I’drathernothavedoneC.Ishould’tdoD.I’dbetternotdo19.IfonlyI___mycar。A.hadn’tlostB.wouldn’tloseC.didn’tloseD.haven’tlost20.Butforwater,it____impossibletoliveintheearthA.isB.wouldC.wereD.wouldn’tbe21.Iwouldratheryou____anythingaboutitforthetimebeingA.doB.didn’tdoC.don’tD.didn’t22.Thekind-heartedcoupletreattheorphanverywellasthoughhe____theirownsonA.isB.wereC.hadbeenD.shouldbe23.Howtheoldpeoplewishthatthey____youngoncemoreA.wereB.couldbecomeC.hadbeenD.shouldbe24.Itishightimethatwe____ameetingtodiscussthisproblemA.holdB.heldC.haveheldD.hadheld
【归纳总结】
请总结本课所学内容
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