UnitOneFriendship
(1)
1.bound???????????????????????
2.appropriate
3.possessing????????????????
4.permanent
5.appointed??????????????????
6.parted
7.hadcorresponded?????
8.gazed
9.notion??????????????????????
10.keen
11.preserve??????????????????
12.grasped
13.figured????????????????????
14.grounded
15.sensible???????????????????
16.attribute
17.united?????????????????????
18.pursue?????????
19.commitments??????????
20.regulating
(2)
1.distinguishbetween
2.checkedupon??????
3.torndown?
4.makeafortune?
5.allofasudden?
6.losttrackof??????
7.Castinganeyeover????
8.brokeup??????
9.takepleasurein???
10.describedas??
11.turnedup??????
12.insofaras?????????
13.isunderarrest??
14.passon?
15.asto
(1)
1.arrival????2.trial?????3.approval?????4.betrayal?????????????5.burial???6.dismissal?????7.disposal8.proposal??9.refusal?10.removal????11.survival?????12.withdrawal
(2)1.refusal?2.arrivals?3.removal?4.dismissal?5.survival6.proposal7.disposal8.approval
?(3)1.e?2.c?3.b?4.a?5.d??
?(1)
1.???whichevertentyouarenotusingnow
2.?whoevercomes/comefirst
3.???whichever/whateverconditionourcaptainthoughtwasthebest
4.?Wherever/NomatterwhereIgo
5.???whateverwishestheirchild/childrenexpresses/express
6.???Howeverdisappointed/Nomatterhowdisappointedyoumayfeelaboutthesurroundings/environment/situation
7.???Whoeverbreaksit
8.???wheneverheconcentratesonaproblem
(2)
1.Itisnotluckbuthardworkthaledhimtotoday’ssuccess.
2.Prof.Moenarguesthatitisenergythatmakestheworldgoround.
3.Itwasnotuntilhehadprovedhewashonestthathewonthefamily’strust.
4.Itwasclearlytheheadmasterhimselfwhothatopenedthedoorforme.
5.NONE
1)???classical
2)???notion
3)???utility
4)???ground
5)???occurs
6)???goodness
7)???asto
8)???possesses
9)???preserve
10)?bound
11)??mirror
12)?virtuous
13)?commitment
14)?moralexcellence
(1)
1.???Thefriendshipgroundedoncommon/sharedinterestdoesnotbreakupeasily./Itisnoteasyforthefriendshipgroundedoncommon/sharedinteresttobreakup.
2.???Childrenmustlearntodistinguishbetweenviolenceandbravery/courageincomputergames.
3.???Therespringupsomanynewthingseverydayintheworldthatitisnolongersensibletoexpectapersontoknow/keeptrackofeverything.
4.???Lawsdonotregulatesuchthingsasbetrayaltofriends;thatiswhythereiswhatwecall/iscalled"thecourtofmorality".
5.???Today’scultureisdescribedas“fast-foodculture”.Whatevertheymaybe/aredoing,peoplejustpursuethegreatest/maximumsatisfactionwithintheshortesttime.
6.???Asthesayinggoes,thereisnosuchthingasafreelunch.Ifyouwantsomething,goandearn/workforit.
(2)
Asiscommonlyacknowledged/Itiscommonlyrecognisedthathumansaresocialanimals.Bondedtogetherinacommunity,wenaturallyexpecttohavefriends.Astowhatfriendshipis,peoplehavedifferentnotions/ideas.Somemakefriendsformutualutility.Oncethegroundforsuchfriendshipdisappears,thefriendshipalsobreaksup.However,alotmorepeoplelongfor"soulpals"—thosewhopossessvirtuesandwithwhomwecangothroughtrialsandtribulationstogether.Suchfriendshipskeepusawayfromgreedandviolenceandencourageustohavethecourageofourconvictions.Suchiswhatwecall"trueandperfectfriendship".
?1.BobandIbecamebrother-likefriendsinourchildhood.Weplayed,dinedanddiscussedourambitionstogether.Oncegrownup,hestartedfortheWesttomakehisfortunewhileIbecameapolicemaninNewYork.Beforehisdeparture,wehaddinnertogetherandweagreedthatwewouldmeetatthesameplaceexactlytwentyyearsfromthatdateandtime,nomatterwhatourconditionsmightbeorfromwhatdistancewemighthavetocome.
Thencamethedayweweresupposedtomeet.Iwasonmybeatthen.Walkinguptotheappointedplacewhichhadbeenturnedintoahardwarestore,Isawamanstandingtherewithanunlightedcigarinhismouth.BeforeIcouldspeak,hetoldmethathewaswaitingforafriendbythenameofJimmyWells.Whenhestruckamatchtolighthiscigar,Isawapalefacewithkeeneyesandascar.Irecognizedhimimmediately.ItwasBob,anditwasalsothefaceofthemanwantedbytheChicagoPolice.ForamomentIfeltliketellinghimtoescaperightaway.Afterall,wehadbeenfriendsforsomanyyearsandhehadtraveledallthewaytoseeme!Butthenmysenseofdutytoldmetherightthingtodo.Isaidgood-byetohimandcontinuedmypatrol,hislastwordsstillringinginmyear:“I’llwaitforhalfanhour.Jimmywillkeephispromiseifhe’salive…”IthensentforaplainclothesmanandhadBobarrested.
?2.AnImportantFriendinMyLife
LiQiang,oneofmyclassmates,isfuntobewith.Heisalwayswearingabroadsmileasiflifeisforever"sunshineandbutterflies".Oneday,Irevealedtohimmyworriesandanxieties:I,anordinary-lookinggirl,was177centimeterstall,eventallerthananyoftheboysinmyclass.Ithoughtnoboywouldliketodateme.Besides,Iwasverypooratmyacademiccourses.
HesuggestedthatIshouldlearntobemyselfandthenheintroducedmetoafashionshowteamoftheuniversity.Encouraged,Idecidedtochangemyself.Aftera3-monthtrainingprogramonweekends,Icouldperformbeautifullyasamodel,andsurprisingly,Icouldconcentrateontherequiredacademiccoursesaswell.TheapplausesIwonateachfashionshowandthescholarshipIearnedprovedthatbeingmyselfwasterrific.Sincethen,mylifehaschangedalot.Thus,LiQiangbecameanimportantfriendofmine.
Lastsemester,webegantohelpyoungpeoplewhosufferpressuresfromphysicaldefects,academicfailuresorfinancialproblems.WesetupaConfidenceClub.Thosewhocometousforhelpfindourworkdefinitelybeneficial.Ourfriendshiphasledmeintoasparkling,rewardinglife.
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UnitTwoLove
(1)
1.curled
2.minimum
3.clip
4.yielded
5.Given
6.awaiting
7.fascinated
8.affection
9.interact
10.haste
11.harden
12.grief
13.defies
14.glance
15.presence
16.lasting
17.via
18.acquire
19.manipulate
20.restraints
?(2)
1.let…looseon
2.fitinto
3.holdon
4.stateofaffairs
5.inthecourseof
6.invain
7.build…on
8.Inshort
9.growusedto
10.blame…on
11.reachedfor?
12.giveandtake
(1)
1.overcoat
2.overhead
3.overjoyed
4.overslept
5.overweight
6.overdue
7.overtime
8.overworking
(2)
1.crush
2.attributes
3.fancy
4.bubbled
5.grasp
6.drizzling
7.labeling
8.yield
(3)
1.?Weareshortofhands.
2.?Istillhavesomemoneyinhand.
3.?Givemeahandwiththisbox,please.
4.?Ioftenkeepadictionaryathand.
5.?Thefootballfanswereoutofhand.
6.?Handoutthepencilstoeveryoneintheclass.
7.?Thisringwashandeddowntomebymygrandmother.
8.?Time’sup.Pleasehandinyourtestpapers.
9.?Pleasehandonthemagazinetoyourroommates.
10.?I’mafraidIcan’thelpyou.I’magreenhand.
?(1)
1.???Sittingonthestairswas/Onthestairswassitting
2.???Overthewallcame/flew
3.???Roundthecornerwas
4.???Thenfinallycame
5.???Underthetablewaslying
6.???At/Onthetopof(Ontopof)thehillstood
(2)
1.???Thebeaverchewsdowntreestogetfoodandmaterialtobuilditshomewith.
2.???DoyourparentsthinkTomisaniceboytogooutwith?(Crossout"him")
3.???Thegoalsforwhichhehasfoughtallhislifeseemunimportanttohimnow.
4.???NONE.
5.???Theessaystartsbyaskingaquestion,towhichtheauthorthengivesapositiveanswer.
(1)haste
(2)stateofaffairs
(3)distinguished
(4)meetingofminds
(5)blossom
(6)innercharm
(7)intimacy
(8)emotion
(9)acquiring
(10)ideals
(11)admiration
(12)lasting
(13)affection
(14)forge
(15)honor
(16)overwhelming
Translation(1)
1.Ineitherfriendshiporlove/Inbothfriendshipandlove,youshouldneverexpecttotake/receivethemaximumwhileyougivetheminimum.
2.Ibuiltallmyhopesonhispromise(s),onlytofindthathewasnotamanofsincerityatall.
3.WetookMothertoallthebesthospitalswecouldfind,butalloureffortswereinvain;shefailedtosurvivethedisease.
4.Valentine’sDayisanannualholidaycelebratedonFebruary14,aperfectdaytoexpresslovetotheobjectofyour/one’saffection.
5.Intheinformationera,communicationswithfar-awayfriendsviae-mailcanbealmost/virtuallysimultaneous.
6.Lovetakestime,foritisnotforgeduntilyouhavegrownusedtotheother’scompanyandlearnedtoappreciatetheother.
(2)
Afterdinner,weallsataroundthehearth.AuntSusanwasstillinthegriefoflosingUncleRobert.Inhersoftvoiceshetoldusabouttheirpastyears.UncleRobertjoinedthearmyshortlyaftertheywereengaged.Giventhecriticalsituationatthetimewhenlotsofarmymendidn’treturnalive,youcanimaginehowmuchoverjoyedAuntSusanwastoseeUncleRobertcomebacksafeandsoundfromtheEuropeanbattlefield.Thentheygotmarriedandbroughtupfivechildren.Forallthoseyears,theiraffectionforeachothergrewstrongerinthecourseofovercomingdifficultiesandhardshipsinlife.IwasfascinatedbyAuntSusan’sstory,whichwastotallydifferentfrommyidealoflove.Theypracticedgivingandsharingintheirdailylifeinsteadofpursuingpassionandromance.Amazingly,suchlovelastedthroughtheirwholelife.
1.???Male-femalerelationsareindispensabletoadultsallthroughtheirlives.Butdifferentgenerationshandlethemdifferently.Ourparents’generationlivedinaneraofconstraints,restraints,respect,admiration,andplentyofromance.Theykeptadistancefrompeopleoftheoppositegenderinordertopreservetheholinessofloveandrelationships.
Mygeneration,ontheotherhand,beganwithcountlesscrushesfortheoppositesexjustbecauseoftheirsuperficialcharm.Harmlessasitwas,thelovewasasbriefassoapbubbles.Aswegrewup,wecametothestageofdevelopingrealrelationships,believingthatlovedemandedalotofgiveandnotsomuchoftake.
Bycomparison,theyoungergenerationismoreopen-mindedandlessrestrictedinhandlingthematterofloveandrelationships.Theyjumponthebandwagonoflovewithsomuchhastethatitisdifficultforthemtodistinguishbetweenphysicalattractionandmentalcompatibilities.
Inshort,theyoungergenerationfocusesmoreonphysicalbeauty,closenessandpassion,andtheytendtoseekwhattheywantfromtherelationships.Theothertwogenerationsgiveprioritytoinnercharm,intimacy,emotionandsharingindealingwithrelationships.
?2.WhatDoGirlStudentsLookforinLoveandLife?
Inordertoknowaboutgirlstudents’opinionaboutloveandlife,asurveywithgirlstudentswasconductedin2005intwouniversities—ChongqingUniversityofTechnologyandBusinessandEastChinaNormalUniversity.Thesurveysoughtanswerstotwoquestions:Whatdoyoulookforfirstinaboyfriend?What’sthemostimportantthingforahappylife?
Aboutonethirdofthestudentschosepersonalityasthetopfactorinchoosingaboyfriend,followedby27percentfocusingonabilities.Nextcamecommoninterestsandgoals,favouredby17percent,withonly14percentofstudentsclaimingappearancetobeuppermostintheirminds.Fewerstill,11percent,ratedeconomicstatusasthefirstconsideration.
Astotheirviewsaboutahappylife,nearlyseventypercentofthegirlsattachedthegreatestimportancetomarriageandfamily.“Career”wasgiventopprioritybyjustunder20percent,whileevenfewer,around9percent,believedthatmoneywasthekeytoahappylife.
Basedonthesurvey,wemayconcludethatnowadays,girlstudentsgenerallyholdarationalattitudetowardsloveandlife.Admittedly,theimprovedmaterialconditionsoflifeexplainwhygirlstakeeconomicstatusandmoneyratherlightly.Butcontrarytothepopularviewthatgirlsaremoreconcernedaboutself-developmentintheworkplaceandsocialstatus,theystillregarduponmarriageandfamilylifeascentraltoahappylife.
?
?
UnitThreeHappiness
(1)
1.???inform
2.?evaluate
3.?attractive
4.?depression
5.?leisure
6.?Collective
7.?decreased
8.?spiritual
9.?religious
10.?temporary
11.?scales
12.?cultivate
13.?suggests
14.?purchase
15.?inevitable
16.?enable
17.?reinforced
18.?comparison
19.?occupations
20.?destructive
(2)
1)workout
2)haveaclearconscience
3)otherthan
4)factoflife
5)asawhole
6)relativeto
7)pointofview
8)intermsof
9)inpart
10)tookpains
11)ineffect
12)serveas
13)Leave…with
14)woreout
15)betteroff
16)hasagreatdealtodowith
17)from…derives
（1）
1)反攻，反击
2)反要求；反诉
3)对策；对付措施
4)对应的人（物），对手
5)产生相反效果的
6)抗癌的
7)防冻剂
8)防污染的
9)反对吸烟的
10)不合群的；反社会的
（2）
1)decrease
2)ranking
3)concept
4)suggest
5)central,key
6)way,pattern
7)aim,goal,end
8)buy
9)seek
10)norm,criterion
11)position?
12)total,amount
13)short-term
14)honest
15)sort
16)inevitable
（3）
1.???total
2.???current
3.???ideal
4.???relatives
5.???alternative
6.???objectives
7.???individual
8.???maximum
(1)
1.???wasthelaw
2.???couldhefreehimselffromfeelingsofguilt
3.???willhenow
4.???haveIfacedsodifficultachoice
5.???arevisitorsallowedtofeedtheanimalsinthezoo
6.???hadwestartedlunchwhenthedoorbellrang
7.???shetoldmedidIrealizethemistakeIhadmade
8.???canyoubuyshoeslikethat
9.???didheprotest
10.??Iknownwhatwasgoingtohappen
(2)
1.Yourpicture/paintingisfar/muchmorebeautiful.
2.IfonlyIcoulddohalfaswellasyou(havedone)!
3.Thepublishinghousehasproducedtwiceasmanybooksasitdidlastyear.
4.Wehadtodomoreworkforlessmoney.
5.Whilepeoplearericherinmaterialwealth,theirspirituallifeispoorer.
(1)whole
(2)However
(3)part
(4)Ineffect
(5)derived
(6)purchased
(7)betteroff
(8)takepains
(9)necessarily
(10)todo
(11)comparison
(12)relative
(13)inevitable
(14)serve
(15)seek
Translation(1)
1.Forthousandsofyearsphilosophershavetakenpainstoillustrate/explain/interpretthemeaningofhappinessfromtheirownpointsofview.
2.WhenIfirstcametocollege,Isuddenlyfoundmyselfleftwitheverythingtodealwithbymyself.ItwasnotuntilthendidIrealizethatlivingwithmyparentswastrulyahappyexperience.
3.Youshouldn’talwaysmakecomparisonwithothers;otherwise,youmaybetrappedin/fallintodepression,fortherearealwaysmanyotherswhoarebetterthanyou.
4.Todaypeoplearemuchbetteroffandenjoymoreleisure.Strangelyenough,theyfindlifeboring/dull.
5.Life,ineffect,islongbutshortofexcitement.Youaresuretosufferfrominevitabledisappointmentifyouexpecteverydaylifetobeasexcitingasadrama.
6.Alifethatistooeasy/smoothmayalsobedestructivebecauseitoffersnoopportunityforonetolearnhowtodealwith/handlefailures/frustrations/setbacks.That/Thisinpartexplains/accountsforthehighratesofsuicideamongyoungpeople.
(2)
Happinessmusthavemuchtodowithmoney.Afterall,ahardlifewillwearoutone’ssenseofjoy.However,happinessdoesn’tderivefrommoneyalone.Today’ssocietyasawholehasseendramaticimprovementinthestandardofliving,andthemajorityofpeoplearedecentlyfedandclothed.However,arepeoplehappiertoday?Infact,whenthemassmediaandcommercialadvertisementsarestillreinforcingthenotionthattobehappyistopossessmore,peoplefindthemselveslongingmoreearnestlythaneverforahappyandhealthyspirituallife:beingloved,respected,feelingsafeandproudofrealizingtheirself-value.Asawisemanoncepointedout,happinessliesinthepositiveattitudeoneholdstowardslifeotherthanhowmuchmoneyoneearns.Thosemillionaireswhoviewlifeasboringandemptyserveasgoodnegativeexamples.
?1.??????ManDoesNotLivebyBreadAlone
Noonewoulddoubtthetruththatman’sexistencereliesessentiallyonmaterialthings.Weneedthemtogetfed,clothedandsheltered.Oncewearelivingnearthebreadline,we’llfeelfrustratedandmiserable.
However,ourcontentmentdoesnotmerelylieinmaterialthings.Thisisespeciallythecaseinmoderntimes.Thefast-developingeconomyhasnoticeablyimprovedourlivesandfulfilledmostofourmaterialneeds.Thentherecomestheneedofspiritualsatisfaction,whichisderivedfromgoodhealth,closefriends,alovingspouse,well-raisedchildren,ahomebuiltonlove,aclearconscience,aworthygoalandanenjoyablejob.Whilematerialthingsmaylosetheircharmovertime,spiritualsatisfactionwillbringuslastinghappiness.
Therefore,toliveahappylife,weshouldfocusmoreonthosethingsthatmeetourspiritualdemands.Afterall,whenourneedforbreadismet,happinesswillnotcomeunlesswefeelspirituallysatisfied.
2.IReallyMadeIt
IwillneverforgettheawfulfeelinginmyfirstOralEnglishclassatcollege.Itriedhardtolistentoeverywordtheteacherspoke,butwhatshewassayingmadenosensetome.Bitterly,IadmittedthatIwassopooratlisteningandspeakinginEnglish.
Iweptseveraltimes,cursingmymiddleschoolforfailingtoprovideadequatelisteningandspeakingpractice.ButfinallyIcalmeddownbecausethefamiliarwordsranginmyears:Theremustbeawayout.IhadarathersolidfoundationofEnglishvocabularyandgrammar.Whatwasleftformetodowastoincreasemylisteninginputandspeakingoutput.ImadeitarulethateverymorningIwoulddoreadingaloudbythecampuslakefor40minutes,andeveryeveningIwouldstayinthelanguagelab,listeningtoEnglishforatleastanhour.
Thenattheendofthesecondyearcamemyhappiestmoment:IgottheScholarshipforAcademicExcellence.Iworeabroadsmilewhenthepresidentgrantedmetheaward.Ithencametorealizethathappinesscanonlybegainedthroughhardwork.
?
UnitFourHealth
(1)
1.indifferent
2.prejudice
3.appealing
4.rendered
5.threats
6.respect
7.isolate
8.sucked
9.infected
10.ignorance
11.namely
12.probable
13.reluctantly
14.applause
15.wept
16.issued
17.shelter
18.contracted
19.cheated
20.tolerated
(2)
1.guardagainst
2.concernyourselfwith
3.makeroomfor
4.bring…toanend
5.inthehopeof
6.ontheground(s)that
7.atrisk
8.setaside
9.Asregards
10.cutoff
11.Owingto
12.Carryon
(1)
1)accurate?????accuracy精确，准确（度）
2)advocate????advocacy提倡；鼓吹
3)consistent??consistency一致性；连贯性
4)delicate??????delicacy??细嫩；精美
5)efficient?????efficiency??????效能，效率
6)intimate?????intimacy?亲密，密切
7)president???presidency总统等的职位
8)private???????privacy???隐私；独处
9)secret????????secrecy??保密；保密能力
10)self-sufficient??self-sufficiency自给自足
(2)
1.secrecy
2.presidency
3.consistency
4.efficiency
5.privacy
6.intimacy
7.accuracy
8.self-sufficiency
9.advocacy
10.delicacy
(3)
1.justification
2.justice
3.justifiable
4.justify
5.justified
6.just
(1)
1.Icandiscussthematterwithyounowif(itis)necessary(todoso).
2.When(theyare)watchingtheWorldCup,thestudentsoftencheerloudly.
3.Unless(youare)otherwiseinstructed,youshouldleavebythebackexit.
4.PerhapsIcouldnotwriteabest-sellerand(I)willneverbeableto(doso).
5.Intheaccidentthechildwashurtandthemother(was)killed.
6.Speakingexercisesone’stongue,reading(exercises)one’seyesandwriting(exercises)one’smind.
(2.1)
1.toreachanagreementinsuchadelicatesituation
2.thewayhekeepschanginghismind
3.thatperhapshewaslying
4.tobeaskedtospeakhere
5.buyingsomuchfoodwhenthechildrenareallaway
(2.2)
1.Itisdisappointing
2.Ifindituseless/pointless
3.Itisnotpossible/Itisimpossible
4.Theykeptitasecret/keptitquiet
5.Itisstillnotclear
?(1)threat
(2)atrisk
(3)infected
(4)prejudice
(5)isolated
(6)contracted
(7)shelter
(8)grieve
(9)along
(10)pathway
(11)issue
(12)bring
(13)evil
(14)concernourselveswith
(15)support
Translation(1)
1)TheytooktheirsickfatheronalongjourneytoBeijinginthehopeoffindingacurefor/inthehopeofcuringhisheartdisease/problem.
2)ThecampaignofKnowingMoreAboutAIDSneedstobecarriedon,andfor/atthisstagetheemphasisisputontheway(how)thediseaseiscontracted.
3)Ifpowerisproperlyapplied/used/exercised,thelivesofthecommonpeoplewillberenderedhappy.Ifnot,theirdailylifewillbeplacedunderthreat.
4)Couldagovernmentjustifiablyusenuclearweaponstoguardagainstterroristattacks?
5)Owingtoignoranceofthedisease,manypeoplestillbelievethatHIVvictimsdeservewhattheysuffer.
6)Thenewlyissuedreportonimprovingthemedicalsysteminruralareasleadsustobelievethattheeraistobebroughttoanendwhensuchareasarealwaysshortofdoctorsandmedicines
(2)
Retirementbringspeople’scareertoanend.Theyfind,allofasudden,thattheycannomore/longercarryonthejobtheyhavedonefordozensofyears.Someoldpeoplecannotadaptthemselvestosuchachangeandthusbecomedepressed,believingthattheyarenolongeruseful.Indeed,depressionhasbecomeoneoftheleadingthreatstooldpeople’shealth.Nonetheless,manyoldpeopleinChinaareabletomaintaintheirsenseofusefulnessbyrenderingtheirgrown-upchildrenservices,suchastakingcareoftheirgrandchildrenandprovidingallowancestothem.Thequestionremainsastowhetherseniorcitizensshouldtryothermeanstofilluptheirleisure,renderingtheirlateryearsstillmoremeaningful.Isuggesttheoldconcernthemselveslesswiththeirchildrenandmakeroomforyoungpeopletotakeresponsibilityfortheirownlives.Afterall,theolddeserverespectfromtheyoungandtheyoungshouldtoleratetheiragedparentsmore,onthegroundsthattheoldhavecontributedsomuchforsomanyyearsbothtotheirfamilyandtosociety.
1.AIDSAcrosstheEarth
AIDShaskilledandisthreateningtokillmillionsallacrosstheearth.SeveralmillioninfectionsarereportedbyWHOeachyear.Thevirusdoesnotcarewhetheryouareblackorwhite,maleorfemale,youngorold.Itwillattackyouaslongasyouareahuman.Today,AIDShasbecometheleadingkillerofyoungadultsandisturningthechildrenwhoseparentssufferthediseaseintoorphans.ItisnoexaggerationtosaythatweliveundertheshadowofAIDS.
Thereareseveralpossiblecausesforsuchasituation:unsafesexualintercourse;sharingorreusingcontaminatedneedles;transfusionofcontaminatedbloodorbloodproducts;aninfectedperson’spregnancy,givingbirthandbreastfeeding,etc.Unfortunately,ourignorance,prejudiceandsilencehavecarriedthesituationtoadesperateextreme.Patientsareisolatedortreatedasoutcastsbytheirfamiliesandtheircommunities.AIDSvictimsfeelashamedtobeidentifiedassuchandtryhardtohidetheirdisease.Forthisreason,theycannotgetimmediatemedicaltreatment.Ourharmfulattitudestowardsthediseaseanditsvictimshaveactuallyplacedmorepeopleatrisk.
Inourfightagainstthisdeadlydisease,weshouldeducatepeopleonhowtoavoidbeinginfectedwiththediseaseandhowtoleadahealthyandsecurelifeand,moreimportantly,howtotreatAIDSpatientsproperly.OnlyinthiswaycanwereallybringAIDSundercontrol.
2.WhyDotheYoungAdultsKillThemselves?
Youngadultsareintheprimeoftheirlivesandaresupposedtopursuetheirdreamsandenjoythemselves.YetitwasreportedintheGuardianthatsuicideisthemaincauseofdeathamongyoungadultsinChina.Whyhavesomanyyoungpeopleendedtheirlives?
Threefactorsarethoughttoaccountforthehighsuiciderate:increasingstress,lonelinessandalackofmedicalsupportfordepression.Themostpressingone,Ithink,isstress.Takemycollegelifeforexample.FromthefirstdayIenteredtheuniversity,Ihavebeenlivingunderpressure.IusedtoworrythatIcouldnotquitefitintothecampuslife;IalsofearedthatImightnotcatchupwithmyclassmatesinmystudiesorcouldnotliveuptomyparents’expectations.NowIamdeeplyconcernedaboutwhetherIcanfindadesirablejobaftergraduation.Endlesspressuresgiverisetostress.Lonelinessisanotherproblem.Manyyoungpeoplefindtheyjustfeelhelplesswhentheyaresufferingintolerablesadnessorfrustration.
Suicideisagreattragedy,especiallyfortheyoung.Ifwecanfindwaystorelievethemoftheirstressandoffertimelyhelp,wemaysavemanyyounglives.
?
UnitFiveEducation
(1)
1.associate
2.equipped
3.combined
4.emphasis
5.enlighten
6.phase
7.graded
8.commented
9.inspection
10.passively
11.rural
12.negotiate
13.indispensable
14.illusion
15.implemented
16.decline
17.reconcile
18.practically
19.residents
20.virtual
(2)
1.sotospeak
2.tryout
3.instore
4.lendthemselvesto
5.turnmybackon
6.inaccordancewith
7.cryingoutfor
8.is…thecase
9.stepin
10.calmdown
11.broughtback
12.goafter
13.reflecton
14.getoutof
15.Forwantof
16.Oddlyenough
17.infavorof
18.inturn
19.hiton\upon
20.tothisend
21.callsfor
22.broughtabout
(1)
1.multimediaequipment
2.multipurposefurniture
3.amultifunctioncellphone
4.amulti-storeycarpark
5.amulticulturalcurriculum
6.amulti-subjectdictionary
7.amulti-channeltelevisionset
8.amultinationalsociety
(2)
1.e
2.g?
3.a?
4.h?
5.d?
6.f?
7.b?
8.c
(3)
1).a.avirtualuniversity??????b.anonlinecounselingcenter??????c.akeyboardcollege
d.anonlinechatroom?????e.avirtualenvironment?f.theelectricallychargedspace
g.cyberspace
2)a.ahomecomputer??????b.tariff-freeemailpackets?c.theWorldWideWeb
??????d.electronicbulletinboards
3)a.cybereducation??b.onlinedegreeprograms
?(1)
1.Heissuchashyboythatheflusheswheneverhespeakstoagirl.
2.Itwassuchawell-writtenreportthatIcouldn’tbelieveitwaswrittenbyher.
3.Hehasn’tseenhissonforsuchalongtimethathehasalmostforgottenwhathelookslike.
4.ThereweresomanypeopleinthestadiumthatIbelievedhalfofthetownwerethere.
5.MotherrejectedmyrequestsofirmlythatIknewIshouldnotbringupthematteragain.
(2)
1.IntheUK,uptoonethirdofpipewaterleaksawaybeforeitreachesitsdestination(目的地).
2.Bobwasjusthomefromholidaywhenafriendcalledtotellhimabouthisfather’sdeath.?
3.Sometimesweputoffwritinglettersofthanksbecausewethinkletterscanwaituntilothermattersaredealtwith.?
4.Weshallsetoffonourjourneyasplannedunlessthere’sasuddenchangeintheweather.?
5.MuchasIlikechocolate,IhavenevereatenasinglebarofitsinceIbegantoputonweight.
?1)Tothisend
2)instore
3)indispensable
4)callsfor
5)diversity
6)implement
7)Inaccordancewith
8)emphasis
9)combining
10)indepth
11)equip
12)goesafter
13)access
14)get…outof
Translation(1)
1.Cultivatingtherightemotionsisindispensableinthat/becauseitlaysthefoundationsforthesuccessesofone’sfutureworkandstudies.
2.WestChinaiscryingoutfortalentedpeopleforitsdevelopment.Tothisend,thegovernmenthaslaiddown/madefavorablepolicies,callingformorecollegegraduatestogoandworkthere.
3.HowcanyouturnyourbackonmewhenIaminsuchdifficulty?Wehavegonethroughtrialsandtribulationsforpracticallyhalfacentury.
4.WebaddictsspendsomuchtimeontheInternetthattheyareunabletodrawadistinctionbetweenthevirtualworldandtherealworld.
5.Urban/Cityresidentsoftenhavetheillusionthatrurallifeisalwaysleisurelyandcomfortable.Infact,thatmaynotbethecase.
6.Distancelearningisaglobaltrend.Withitsquickgrowth/development,peoplearegiven/canenjoyanequallyconvenientaccesstoeducationalresources,nomatterwheretheyare
(2)
Scientificdevelopmenthasbroughtaboutglobalchangesineducationalthought.Itnotonlygeneratessuchanewformofeducationas"virtualuniversities"butturns"lifelonglearning"intoaworkableproject.Inaddition,peopletodayseemtobeinfavorofpracticalknowledge.Butwhateverchangestheremighthavebeen,educationmuststicktoitsclassicrole:toenlightenlearners.Confrontedwiththenewproblemsofthiscentury,westillexpectthateducationshouldputmoreemphasisoncultivatinglearners''competencetothinkcriticallyandtoworkcollaboratively/withteamspirit.Furthermore,wehopethateducationwilltaketheresponsibilityofpromotingtraditionalvirtuesbyguidinglearnerstodispensewithnegativedesireslikegreed,lustandviolence.
1.TheSignificanceofLifelongEducation
Decadesago,duetothelowstandardoflivinginChina,onlyasmallpercentageofthenation''spopulationcouldreceivecollegeeducation.Oncegiventheopportunity,onewouldsurelysecureawell-paidandmuch-respectedjob,whichheorshewouldprobablydoforalifetime.Therefore,tosecureacollegedegreeusedtobetheultimategoalofaperson''seducation.
Today,however,wearelivinginwhatiscalleda"knowledgesociety",wherecreativeideasandinnovationsaregeneratedatafantasticspeed.Onemustconstantlyrenewone''sknowledgeandupgradeone''sskillssoastomeettheneedsofthechangingworld.Moreover,atthestageofgeneraleducation,itispointlessforapersontoattempttoknoweverything.Whenoneisrequiredtosettledowntobeaspecialistinaspecificfield,onehastomakeanin-depthstudyofthesubjectoneissupposedtoknow.Inthissense,generaleducationcanprovidestudentswithonlyapassporttolifelongeducation.AsRobertMaynardHutchinsoncesaid,theobjectofeducationistopreparetheyoungtoeducatethemselvesthroughouttheirlives.
Inmyopinion,lifeinmodernsocietyisnotonlyaprocessof"learningtolive"butalsoaprocessof"livingtolearn".Theslogan"LiveandLearn"canbestreflecttheconceptoflifelongeducation.
?2.??????ShouldFamilySchoolingExist?
MengMuTang,aprivateschoolinShanghai,ismodeledaftertheeducationalsystemofancientChinesehomeschools,whichfavoredrotememorizationandrecitationofclassicworks.ButthelocaleducationauthoritiesinShanghaihavedeclareditillegalaccordingtoareportin21stCentury.Shouldfamilyschoolingexist?Whatroleshoulditplay?
Inmyopinion,familyschoolingshouldbepermittedtoplayapositiveroleinthecurrenteducationalsysteminChina.Everyfamilyshouldbefreetochoosetheformofeducationthatbestsuitstheirchildren''sinterestsandnaturalgifts.AlthoughtheexistingeducationsysteminChinahasremarkablyimproved,itdoesnotfiteachchildperfectly.Sincefamilyschoolingprovidesameanstodevelopaperson''stalentsanduniqueinterest,MengMuTang,asaprivateschoolgearedtoaspecificgroupofchildren,shouldnotbebannedinhaste.Inviewofthecurrentdynamic,quality-mindededucationalreformsinChina,weshouldpermitfamilyschoolingtoenrichanddiversifyoureducationalsystem.
Ontheotherhand,homeschoolingshouldadaptitselftothemodernworld.Topreparechildrenforthefuture,itshouldequipthemwithknowledgeandinnovativepowersothattheycancopewiththedevelopmentofthemodernworld.Whiletappingchildren''sinnatetalentsonanindividualbasis,familyschoolingshouldneverneglecttheirall-rounddevelopment.MengMuTangmaynotbeaperfectprivateschool,butweshouldletitliveandhaveatrysothatfamilyschoolingmayeventuallybecomeanindispensablecomponentofourformaleducation.
?
UnitSix????InterculturalCommunication
(1)
1.proof
2.slice
3.efficiency
4.capacity
5.abroad
6.symbol
7.invitations
8.dictate
9.proceeded
10.splashes
11.tender
12.resist
13.flavor
14.familiarity
15.transmitted
16.tremendous
17.cure
18.slippery
19.funeral
20.transplanted
(2)
1.helpyourselfto
2.afishoutofwater
3.dueto
4.fromheadtotoe
?5.orientmyselfto
6.assuch
7.onthe…side
8.bymeansof
?9.buildup
10.win…over
11.identifythemselveswith
12.getover
13.enterinto
14.openingup
15.resultedfrom
16.heldourbreath
(1)
1)Internet互联网
2)interlock(使）连锁；（使）相互扣住
3)interview???面谈，面试
4)interrelate??（使）相互关联
5)interchange交换，互换
6)intercourse交往；沟通
7)interconnect互相连接
8)interdependence互相依赖
9)anintercitytrain城际列车
10)intercontinentaltravel洲际旅行
11)aninternationalflight国际航班
12)interpersonalrelations人际关系
13)intercollegiatecooperation校际合作
14)aninterclassfootballmatch班际足球比赛
(2)
1.charged
2.condemn
3.scold
4.blame
5.accused
6.condemned
7.blames
8.criticized
(3)
1.boil
2.steamed
3.fried
4.bake
5.roasted
6.preserved
7.grilled
8.stew
(1)
1.Theannouncementwasfollowedbyanotunexpectedsilence.
2.Exhaustedandhungry,shecouldnotwalkwithoutmyhelp.
3.There''snobodywhomakesnomistakesinhislifetime.
4.Youcan''tsearchmyhousewithoutawarrant.
5.Alifelivedwithoutdreamscan''tbeasrichandrewardingaslifecanbe.
6.TheAmericanWestisaregionwherefarmingisimpossible/notpossiblewithoutirrigation.
(2)
1.ThelongerIamatthisjob,thehappierIam.
2.Themoreriskyitis,themoreIlikeit.
3.Thesooneryoustart,theeasier/sooneryou''llfinishit.
4.Themorepeopleyouknow,thelesstimeyou''llspendwiththem.
5.Themoreyoulearn,thelessyoufindyouknow.
Cloze?
(1)transplanted
(2)cues
(3)tendency
(4)frustration
(5)attributed
(6)cures
(7)capacity
(8)builtup
(9)bymeansof
(10)dueto
(11)orient…to
(12)getover
(13)opensup
(14)Inaddition
Translation(1)
1.Asaproofofourhospitality,weChinesewillrepeatedlyaskourgueststohelpthemselvestothedishesonthetable.
2.Itisbymeansoflisteningtowhatpeoplesayandobservinghowtheybehavethatwe’vestrengthenedourowncapacitytolearnabout/understandsociety.?
3.One’ssenseofsafetycomesfromfamiliaritywiththeenvironment;sopeoplehavethetendencytoresistoravoidnewsituations.
4.Wetendtoshowprejudiceagainstorevenhostilitytowardspeoplefromacertainregion,whichcanbeattributedtothefactthatweareunfamiliarwiththem.
5.Ibelieveitispolitetodeclinedirectly,whilemyparentsseldomsay“No”soasnottoembarrassothers.
6.Therearetwomeanstobuildupknowledge:togetitpersonallyorbysecond-handexperience.Reading,whichopensupanewworldofdifferentculturesforus,belongstosecond-handexperience.
(2)
Oncetransplantedabroad,peoplewillfeelanxiousandevenlosethecapacitytodealwithdailyroutines.Thisproblemisattributedtothedisappearanceofthesurroundingswehavebeenusedto.Then,whatshouldwedosoastochangethelifestylesandpatternsbuiltupinusoversomanyyears?First,weshouldbemoretoleranttowardspeoplewithculturalbackgroundsdifferentfromours.Togetoverfrustrationscausedbycultureshock,weshouldtrytoadaptourselvestothenewenvironmentandgetalongwithourworkmatesharmoniously.Furthermore,weshouldneveridentifyapersonwiththenationalityherepresentsorproceedtohatetheperson’scultureonlybecausewedon’tlikehim.Infact,topreserveournationalcultureisnottoresistforeignones.
?1.MyViewsonCulturalDifferences
Inmyopinion,culturaldifferenceshavemoreadvantagesthandisadvantages.Firstofall,itisculturaldifferencesthatmakeourworldsocolorful.Ifyougotoaforeigncountry,youwillbeimpressednotonlybyitsphysicalenvironmentbutalsobyitsculturalenvironment—itsfoods,clothes,customs,socialpractices,etc.Differencesbetweencultureshavealwaysbeenasourceofjoyandinspiration.
Secondly,differencesincultureenrichhumancivilization.Differentculturescompetewithaswellaslearnfromeachother.RomanculturewasmodeledonGreekculture,whichhadonceborrowedalotfromEgyptianculture.Americancultureisalsoablendofmanydifferentcultures.
Thirdly,differencesinculturegiveeachcultureitsuniqueidentity.Acultureisusuallyseeninrelationtoothercultures.Chineseculturedistinguishesitselffromothersbyitspeculiarconceptsandthingsthatcanhardlybefoundelsewhere.
Ofcourse,culturaldifferencesmaycauseconflictsandmisunderstandings.Butinterdependence,commoninterestsandmutualgoalsofdifferentnationsalwaysoutweighdifferencesinculture.Nationswithdifferentculturesshouldlearnfromeachotherandlivepeacefullytogether.Tothisend,weshouldbemoretoleranttoothercultureswhilepreserving,protectinganddevelopingourown.
?2.MyViewsontheInfluenceofWesternCulture
Onweekends,IgatherwithmyfriendsatMacDonald''sorKFC.Weeatfriedchicken,drinkCoco-colaandtalkaboutthelatestreleaseofHollywoodmovies.Wereadforeignnovels,listentoWesternmusicandwatchNBA.WeadmireBillGates,GeorgeMichaelandPrincessDiana.WedressourselvesintheWesternstyleandcelebrateChristmasandValentine''sDay.Ourwayoflifehasthuschanged.Indeed,theinfluenceofWesterncultureisstronglyfeltinoureverydaylife.
Thisinfluenceinturnpreparesuswelltoblendintothemodernworldandparticipateintheworldmarketcompetition.Butweshouldnotignoreitssideeffects.OurnationalculturemaygraduallyloseitsgroundifourattentionisfocusedonlyuponWesternculture.Infollowingthetrendofglobalizationweshouldmaintainourownculturalidentity,cherishourculturaltraditionanddevelopourownculture.WhatMahatmaGandhioncesaidcanbestsumupmyviewsontheinfluenceofWesternculture:"Idonotwantmyhousetobewalledinonallsidesandmywindowstobestuffed.Iwanttheculturesofallthelandstobeblownaboutmyhouseasfreelyaspossible.ButIrefusetobeblownoffmyfeetbyany."
?
UnitSeven?TheOlympicSpirit
(1)
1.narrowly
2.governs?
3.features
4.crawl
5.spun
6.flashed
7.havewitnessed
8.shedding
9.injuring
10.consultant
11.compete
12.original
13.conquered
14.barrier
15.confessed
16.tripped
17.limp
18.champion
19.dynamic
20.version
(2)
1.capitalizedon
2.headedfor
3.camein
4.rosetotheirfeet
5.broughtup
6.likecrazy
7.inthenameof
8.ontheirbehalf
9.fillinfor
10.inanemergency
11.dozensof
12.abideby
13.is…takingshape
14.contrast…with
15.bringout
16.putin/squeezein
17.squeezein
(1)
1.restless?????2.homeless???3.pointless???4.countless?5.fadeless????6.harmless
?(2)
1.of
2.to
3.in
4.for
5.of
6.to/for
7.to
8.on
(3)
1)Events
1.dash?2.discus?3.figureskating?4.freestyle?5.hurdles?6.race
?2)Competitors
1.athlete????2.boxer???3.contender?4.cyclist???5.discusthrower??6.gymnast
7.Olympian?8.runner???9.skater????10.sprinter?
11.swimmer??????????????
?3)Places,equipment,etc.
1.barrier????2.gym????3.luge?????4.podium???5.rink?????6.skate
?7.sled??????8.stand????9.track
?(1)
1.Football,hisonlyhobbyinlife,hasbroughthimmanyfriends.
2.ThePresidentofthecompany,Mrs.Jones,heldapressconferenceaftertheboardmeeting.
3.ThequestionwhethertoconfessornothasbeentroublinglittleTom.
4.Youshouldnothaveanydoubtaboutthefactthatthecriminalhasbeenarrested.
5.ThenewswasimmediatelyspreadfarandwidethatBeijinghadwonthebidforthe2008OlympicGames.
(2)
1.No,hedidn''tcometohelp,buttohinderus.
2.Itisnottheplayers,butthesupportersthatareresponsibleforfootballhooliganism.
3.No,theirintentisnottocatchallspeedersbuttocatchenoughtogivethemawarning.
4.I''mnotonlywilling,but(also)eagertojointhevolunteerteamfortheWorldCup.
5.No.HetranslatesintoEnglishnotonlyfromFrench,but(also)fromPolish.
6.Becauseitsappealliesnotonlyinitsstorybutalsointheethicalissuesitraises.
(1)??tookshape
(2)??takepart
(3)??triumph
(4)??conquered
(5)??feature
(6)??comein
(7)??champion
(8)??Tothisend
(9)??squeezein
(10)bringout
(11)onbehalfof
(12)mount
(13)witnessed
(1)
1.Againstthewhitebackground,theOlympicflagfeaturesfiveinterlinkedcolourcircles,representingthefivecontinents.
2.Henarrowlymissedthegoldmedalby0.02seconds.Thosewhohadwitnessedtheracecouldnothelpgivingasigh.
3.Long-distanceraceisahardtestontolerance.Theathletesshednotonlysweat,butalsotears,andevenblood.
4.Havingtrippedoveranotherathlete''sfoot,hefelldownonthetrack,buthesoonrosetohisfeetandlimpedtothefinishline.
5.Theoriginalversionofthestorygoeslikethis(Or:Astheoriginalversionofthestorygoes),theassistantcoachrosetofame/becamefamousovernightbyleadinghisteamtoconquerCuba.
6.??Somesportsmenconfessedthattheyhadtakendopeinthenameofimproving/enhancingperformance,andthattheircoachesshowednodisagreementwithsuchillegalacts.
(2)
TheOlympicGamesareuniversallyrecognizednotonlyasaspectaculargatheringoftopathletes,butalsoasamomentofrejoicingforbillionsofspectators.TheGamestookshapeinancientGreece,wherewarswerenotinfrequentbetweencities.ButoncetheGamesstarted,thewarswereimmediatelybroughttoahalt.InthemodernworldtheOlympicGamesstillsymbolizepeace.Sofar,theOlympicshavedevelopedintothebiggestinternationalsportsevent,withanincreasingnumberofsportsmencompetingonbehalfofmoreandmorenations.Thoughonlydozensof,oratmosthundredsof,athletesfinallybecomechampionsinoneOlympics,participationitselfmeanstriumphforalltheathletes.Theyalldeserveapplausebecausetheyhaveovercomenumerousbarriersbeforetheycanfinallytakepartinsuchabiggathering.TheOlympicmottoinspireseveryathleteineveryeventtochallengehumanphysicallimits.Whiledoingso,theyabidebytherulesandpayduerespecttothereferees/judges.Suchextraordinaryandfaircompetitionbestbringsouttruesportsmanship.
1.MyfavoriteSportsTeam:theChineseWomen''sVolleyballTeam
Inquiteafewsports,Chinesewomenathletesoutshinemenathletes.Asagirl,Ialwaysfeelproudofourwomentabletennisplayers,badmintonplayers,womendiversandgymnasts.ButmygreatestenthusiasmalwaysgoestotheChineseWomen''sVolleyballTeam,who,thoughithasundergonesomeupsanddowns,alwayspresentsapositive,inspiringimagetothepublic.
I''venevermissedanymajorTVshowsinvolvingtheChinesewomen''steam.Ican''thelpgettingexcitedwatchingthegirlsshineincourt,withtheiramazingspikesandblocks,andtheirnever-ceasingcourageandfaithinwinningthematch.Therearetimeswhentheylosethegame,sometimeswithembarrassingresultlike0:3;thereareyearswhentheysufferalotofinjuriesandnewplayersdonotmatchuptotheveterans,yet,onemustadmitthattheChinesegirlshavebeenpractisingveryhardalltheway.
RecentyearshaswitnessedadifficultperiodfortheteamwhenRussian,American,Cuban,andBrazilianteamsarerisinginrankingandwinningchampionships,butIstillhavefaithinourteamandgivethemmysupport.IwishthemgoodluckinthecomingOlympics.
?2.BenefitsfromHostingtheOlympicGames
Julyof2001witnessedawaveofnationalexcitementinourland:Beijinghadwonthebidtohostthe2008SummerOlympicGames.Itsymbolizedthestrengthofourcountryandrousedournationalpride.
SincethenalotofchangeshavetakenplaceinBeijing.CitizensofBeijingarenowenjoyingbettertransportationfacilities,andthephysicalenvironmenthasimprovedsignificantly.Withtheconstructionofathleticvenues,municipalinfrastructureandotherrelevantfacilities,newjobopportunitieshavebeencreated.AboominOlympic-relatedbusinessesandindustrieshastakenplacenotonlyinBeijingbutalsoelsewhere.
HostingtheOlympicGamesisalsoamegaculturalevent.Itisagoodopportunitytoincreasetheinternationalprofileofthehostcity.NowmoreandmorepeoplearedrawntoBeijing,andtherehasappearedanewboomintourism.Preparationsforthe2008OlympicGameshavegivenrisetonumerousculturalandeducationalprogramsfocusingonthecitizens''commitmentanddedicationtothisinternationalevent.Suchprogramshavenotonlygeneratedawidespreadinterestinsportsbuthavealsopromotedthecitizens''social,culturalandethicalvisions.Wemusttryourbesttocapitalizeonthisopportunityasfullyaswecan.
?
UnitEight?ManandSociety
(1)
1.???stimulated
2.???nourishing
3.???rivals
4.???defects
5.???enhance
6.???scarce
7.???prosperous
8.???reserved
9.???boost
10.??distributing
11.??accompanying
12.??property
13.??undermine
14.??bid
15.??regulations
16.??parallels
17.??harmonious
18.??retire
19.??lobbying
20.??coordinate
(2)
1.???Onthecontrary
2.???on(your)guardagainst
3.???asaresultof
4.???take…lightly
5.???workingon
6.???subjectedto
7.???Leavingaside
8.???allmannerof
9.???inexchangefor
10.??it…followthat
11.??incombinationwith
12.??beatenup
13.??pulltogether
14.??attheexpenseof
(1)
1.???relationship
2.???courtship
3.???leadership
4.???apprenticeship
5.???friendship
6.???dealership(s)
7.???championship
8.???sportsmanship
(2)
1.???as
2.???to
3.???for
4.???for
5.???at/in
6.???from
7.???for
8.???with
(3)
1)afellowemployee工友，同事
2)arivalfirm?竞争的商行
3)asymphonyorchestra??????交响乐团
4)awoolcoat毛料/羊毛大衣
5)consumerrights消费者的权利
6)importrestrictions进口限制
7)marketprices市场价格
8)qualitysupplies优质的供应品
9)businesscooperation商业合作
10)governmentregulation政府调控
(1)
1.whytheyfallinandoutoffriendshipquicklyisthepredicative.
2.WhatItouchedisthesubject.
3.a)"thatotherswillcarryonwhatIcannolongerdo"istheobjecttotheverb"know".
b)"whatIcannolongerdo"istheobjecttothephrasalverb"carryon".
c)"thatwhatwaspossiblehasbeendone"istheappositivetothenoun"thought".
d)"whatwaspossible"isthesubjectoftheappositiveclause.
4.a)"thatsheeverhadtimetonoticethatshewasgrowingold"istheobjectclauseoftheverb"believe".
b)"thatshewasgrowingold"istheobjectclauseoftheverb"notice".
5."whetheryouareblackorwhite,maleorfemale"istheobjecttotheverb"ask".
6."WhereIteach"isthesubject.
7.a)"whattheyhabituallytalkabout"istheobjecttothepreposition"by".
b)"howtheyallocatetheirtimeandmoney"istheotherobjecttothepreposition"by".
8."whatevereffortisnecessary"istheobjecttotheverb"make".
(2)
1.???where
2.???what
3.???whoever
4.???Whether
5.???which/what
6.???why
7.???whether/if
(3)
1.Ittakes10minutestogetthereonfoot.
2.Itisimpossibleforustocatchthefirstbus.
3.Whattodonexthasnotbeendecidedyet./Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhattodonext.
4.Spendingtoomuchtimeoncomputergameshasaffectedhisstudies.
5.Nothavingenoughpeopletodothejobisourmajorproblematpresent.
?Cloze
1)???intentions
2)???asaresultof
3)???inconsiderate
4)???conscious
5)???hurt
6)???reserve
7)???onguardagainst
8)???Insteadof
9)???defects
10)?stimulate
11)??positive
12)?nourishes
13)?discouragement
14)?accompanied
Translation(1)
1.Thosewhosupposetheypossessmoreprivilegestendtohavefeelingsofsuperiority.
2.Hightariffsandananti-dumpingpolicywillunderminethecompetitiveedgeoftheforeignproductsinthedomesticmarket.
3.Ifallthedepartmentscanbewellcoordinatedandallofuspulltogetherforthecommongood,wearebound/suretosucceed.
4.Tobeonguardagainsttheft,theschoolhasissuedregulationsspecifyingthedutiesofthedoorkeepers/guards/janitors.
5.Goodmannersarealwaysappreciated.Itfollowsthatgoodmannerswillenhanceyourchancesofmakingfriendswithotherpeople.
6.Punctuationmarksshouldnotbetakenlightly;sometimestheuseofawrongpunctuationmarkcanliterallychange/alterthemeaningofasentence.
(2)
Inthemodernsociety,howdoescompetitionworkincombinationwithcooperation?Firstly,scarcityleadstocompetition.Playersofthesamefootballteamcompeteforslotsontheteam,andthisteamcompetesagainstotherteamsforvictory.Inaworkplace,colleaguescompeteforhigherpositions.Andalsoinbusiness,firmsbecomerivalsformoreconsumersandabiggermarketshare.Butmeanwhilecompetitionisinseparablefromcooperation.Playershavetocooperateefficientlywithoneanothertowinthechampionshipsfortheirteam.Colleagueshavetocooperatetoaccomplishtheirsharedtask.Firmstrytheirbesttocooperatetolobbytheagenciesofbusinessadministrationforthegreatestprivileges.Allinall,individualsaswellasteamsaresubjectedtobothcompetitionandcooperation.Thetwotogethernourishthesocialdevelopmentsothatwecanenjoyamoreprosperousandharmoniousworld.
Writing
?1.HowtoSurviveinaCompetitiveSociety
Competitioninpresent-daysocietyisfierceandcruel.Itexistsindifferentlinesofwork.Forexample,differentmusicianscompeteforeachseatintheirorchestra,anddifferentorchestrascompetefortheprivilegeofmakingrecordingswithprestigiousstudios.Footballerscompeteforpositionswithinthesameteam,andtheyworktogethertocompeteagainstotherteamsforchampionships.Inshort,whateverwedo,wemayfeelthepressureofcompetition.
However,insteadofdeploringcompetition,weshouldseetheinterrelationshipbetweencompetitionandcooperation.Cooperationandcompetitionexistsidebysideandtheyarebothunavoidableinhumansociety.Forexample,whilecompetingwithotherfactories,producersanddistributorsofthesamefactorymustcooperateandmakecoordinatedeffortstosatisfytheneedsofcustomers.Businessrivalshavetocooperatewithoneanotherwhentheircommonmarketisthreatened.Therefore,competitionalonewillnotbringussuccessinwhatwearedoing.
Inthefaceofcompetition,weshouldkeepacquiringnewskillsandupdatingourknowledgesoastoenhanceourcompetitiveability.Atthesametime,weshouldlearnthetechniquesofcooperatingwithothersinthemosteffectivemanner.
?
2.ShouldWeOfferSeatstoElderlyPeopleontheBusDuringRushHours?
Iamamazedtoreadwhatabloggersaysaboutofferingbusseatstotheelderly.Heclaimsthat"it''stheyoungwhoneeditmore"becausetheygotoworkearlyinthemorningandfeelexhaustedafteraday''swork.Thebloggeralsoarguesthatitisunfairtoofferseatstotheelderlysincetheyalreadyenjoyfreerides,andsuggeststhatduringrushhoursseniorcitizensbedeniedsuchtreatment.
Icouldneverbringmyselftoagreewiththeblogger.Takinggoodcareoftheelderlyisauniversallyacceptedstandardofconduct.Inmyopinion,offeringseatstooureldersisnotjustanindicationofgoodmanners;itisamoralissue.Ialwaysconsideritmymoralobligationtohelpothers.Yes,youmayfeelcomfortableforawhilebyremaininginyourseat,butyouwillloseyourcharacterandmoralvaluesinthelongrun.
Respectingtheelderlyisalsooursocialconvention.Itispreciselyoutofourloveandrespectfortheelderlythatsuchspecialbenefitsasfreeridesareofferedtothem.Noonecandepriveseniorcitizensoftheirrighttogooutbybusatanytimetheylike,andwhat''smore,weshouldmakesuretheygetspecialcarewhenthebusisfullypackedwithpassengers.
Caringfortheelderlyandbeingtakencareofcanbeamutuallysatisfyingexperienceforeveryoneinvolved.Itisthroughperformingsuchsmallactsasofferingseatstotheneedythatwelearntocontributetothebuildingofaharmonioussociety.
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