七年级上语法复习
词类：
名词
名词的单、复数形式
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
复数名词的变化有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
①规则变化
构成法 例词 一般情况在词尾加-s shop---shopsdesk---desks 以s、x、sh、ch结尾的词在词尾加-es bus---busesbox---boxeswatch---watchesbrush---brushes 以ce、se、ze、(d)ge等结尾的词直接加-s face---faceshouse---housespage---pages 以o结尾的部分词在词尾加-es tomato---tomatoespotato---potatoes
hero---heroes 以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f或fe为v,再加-es;少数不变，只加-s life---livesknife---kniveswife---wives
roof（屋顶）---roofs 以辅音字母+y结尾的词，y变i加-es baby---babiescity---cities
family---familiesstory---stories ②不规则变化
名词复数的特殊形式
man---men ,woman---women,policeman---policemen,Englishman---Englishmen,foot---feet,tooth---teeth,child---children,German---Germans
有些名词的单复数相同
如：Chinese,Japanese,deer,sheep,fish
练习：
填入名词的正确形式
1．TherearealotofChristmas_____________inthemailbox.(card)
2.Shehastwoclose_____________.(friend)
3．Afew_____________aredrawingontheblackboard.(girl)
4.ChangjiangRiverisoneofthelongest____________inChina.(river)
5.Haveyouseensuchbig____________?(potato)
6.I’dliketwo___________(box)of____________(apple).
keys:1.cards2.friends3.girls4.rivers5.potatoes6.boxes;apples
名词所有格
构成：①单数名词在词尾加’s,如：Lucy’spen,Jim’sclass,mymother’sdress
②以s结尾的复数名词在词尾只加’,如：theteachers’room,thestudents’books
③不以s结尾的复数名词，应加’s,如：Children’sDay
练习：
选择最佳答案
September10this_________Day.
A.Teacher B.Teachers C.Teacher’s D.Teachers’
2.Tomis_________brother.
A.MikeandJack B.Mike’sandJack’s C.Mike’sandJack D.MikeandJack’s
3.Theseclothesare_________.
A.MikeandJack B.Mike’sandJack’s C.Mike’sandJack D.MikeandJack’s
4.Afterplayingsoccerformorethanhalfanhour,thestudentstook________rest.
A.afewminute’s B.afewminutes’ C.littleminute’s D.alittleminutes’
5.Mr.Smithisafriendof________.
A.Lily’sfather’s B.Lily’sfather C.Lilyfather’s D.father’sofLily
keys:DDBBA
代词
人称代词、物主代词、指示代词一览表
单数 复数 人称
代词 主格 I you he she it we you they 宾格 me you him her it us you them 物主
代词 形容词性 my your his her its our your their 名词性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 指示代词 thisthat thesethose 练习：
选择最佳答案
---Isthisyourruler?
---No,it’snot________.It’sKate’s.
A.I B.me C.my D.mine
2.Mostof_________wanttodothejobourselves.
A.us B.our C.we D.ours
3.Shecan’tfind________pen.
A.her B.hers C.she D.he
4.---Jim,yoursistercan’tsharpenthepencil.Canyougive________ahand?
---Certainly.
A.she B.her C.hers D.herself
5.Shetold________afriendof________wouldgotoShanghai.
A.him;her B.his;hers C.him;hers D.he;she’s
keys:DAABC
数词
定义：表示数字、数目和顺序次第的词叫数词。
分类：数词分为基数词和序数词。基数词表示数量；序数词表示顺序。
基数词的表示法
1~12 13~19 20~90 100~1,000,000,000 one thirteen twenty 百a/onehundred two fourteen thirty 千onethousand three fifteen forty 万tenthousand four sixteen fifty 十万onehundredthousand five seventeen sixty 百万onemillion six eighteen seventy 亿onehundredmillion seven nineteen eighty 十亿onebillion(美) eight ninety nine ten eleven twelve 注意：从13~19,其中多数是在基数词后加-teen,但应注意13，15，和18的拼法。20~90各整十位数的基数词由2~9加后缀-ty构成，但要注意20，30，40，50和80的拼写变化。
21~29的基数词由十位数20加个位数1~9构成，之间要加连词符号：
twenty-one21 twenty-two22 twenty-three23 twenty-four24 twenty-five25
twenty-six26 twenty-seven27 twenty-eight28 twenty-nine29
hundred,thousand,million,billion表示具体数字时，没有复数形式；如果有，则表示不确定数目（概数），常与of连用。如：hundreds(thousands,millions)ofpeople
序数词的表示法
第1~第12 第13~第19 第20~第99 第100以上 1st first 13th thirteenth 20th twentieth 100th hundredth 2nd second 14th fourteenth 30th thirtieth 101st hundredandfirst 3rd third 15th fifteenth 40th fortieth 202nd twohundredandsecond 4th fourth 16th sixteenth 50th fiftieth 303rd threehundredandthird 5th fifth 17th seventeenth 60th sixtieth 909th ninehundredandninth 6th sixth 18th eighteenth 70th seventieth 1000th thousandth 7th seventh 19th nineteenth 80th eightieth 1,000,000th millionth 8th eighth 90th ninetieth 9th ninth 21st twenty-first 10th tenth 32nd thirty-second 11th eleventh 43rd forty-third 12th twelfth 54th fifty-fourth 99th ninety-ninth 注意：序数词前要加定冠词、物主代词、名词所有格等限定词。
练习：
完成下列句子
Thereare________daysinaweek.
Septemberis____________monthoftheyear.
Thereare___________yearsinacentury.
“M”is______________letterintheword“autumn”.
Wearelivingin_______________century.
keys:1.seven2.ninth3.onehundred4.thefifth5.twenty-first
时态：一般现在时
用法：
表示现在的状态
Theboyiseleven.
Myfatherisatwork.
表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等
Shelikestolistentomusic.
TheyspeakFrenchverywell.
ThistaxidriverknowsEnglish.
表示经常性、习惯性的动作。常与often,usually,everyday,sometimes,always,onceaweek,onSundays等时间状语连用。
Mymotheroftengetsupearlyinthemorning.
Ihavebreakfastat7ameverymorning.
2．构成：
⑴动词be:am;is;are
肯定式 否定式 疑问式和简略回答 Iam… Iamnot… AmI…?
Yes,youare.
No,youarenot. Youare… Youarenot… Areyou…?
Yes,Iam.
No,Iamnot. He/She/Itis… He/She/Itisnot… Ishe/she/it…?
Yes,he/she/itis.
No,he/she/itisnot. We/You/Theyare… We/You/Theyarenot… Arewe/you/they…?
Yes,you/we/theyare.
No,you/we/theyarenot. 注：在口语中常使用缩略式。
⑵动词do:以have为例
肯定式 否定式 疑问式和简略回答 Ihaveabrother. Idon’thaveabrother. DoIhaveabrother?
Yes,youdo.
No,youdon’t. Youhaveabrother. Youdon’thaveabrother. Doyouhaveabrother?
Yes,Ido.
No,Idon’t He/She/Ithasabrother. He/She/Itdoesn’thaveabrother. Doeshe/she/ithaveabrother?
Yes,he/she/itdoes.
No,he/she/itdoesn’t. We/You/Theyhaveabrother. We/You/Theydon’thaveabrother. Dowe/you/theyhaveabrother?
Yes,you/we/theydo.
No,you/we/theydon’t. ⑶动词三单的变化规则
规则 动词原型 第三人称单数形式 一般在词尾加-s play
work
leave plays
work
leaves 以s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的词加-es pass
fix
teach
wish
go passes
fixes
teaches
wishes
goes 以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先变y为i，再加-es study
carry
fly
cry studies
carries
flies
cries 特殊变化：have---has
练习：
用所给动词的一般现在时填空
Thetrain__________(leave)forNewYorkat8o’clock.
Sometimesshe_________(be)right.Butsometimesshe_________(make)mistakes.
They____________(notdo)someshoppingeverySaturday.
IfI_________(be)freetomorrow,I’llgotoseemyteacher.
__________Maryandyouusually__________(go)tothemovietogether?
I’lltellyouabouthimassoonasclass__________(be)over.
keys:1.leaves2.is;makes3.don’tdo4.am5.Do;go6.is
疑问句：
1．一般疑问句：通常以yes或no回答的问句；通常用升调。
构成：把系动词、情态动词、助动词提前。如：
Isthisyoupen? Yes,itis./No,itisn’t.
Canyouplaythepiano? Yes,Ican./No,Ican’t.
Doeshestudyhard? Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.
特殊疑问句：用what,who,which等疑问代词或when,where,why,how等疑问副词引导的疑问句；句子读降调。
构成：由特殊疑问词加一般疑问句构成。如：
What’syourname? MynameisGina.
Whoishe? He’sJim’sfather.
Whattimeisit? It’s10o’clock.
Whenisyourbirthday? It’sNovember12th.
Wherearetheirbooks? They’reonthedesk.
Howmuchisthesweater? It’s10dollars.
Whydoyoulikesports? Becauseit’sfun.
练习：根据括号中的要求进行句型转换：
1.Hedoeshishomeworkatschool.(变为一般疑问句)
2.Theteachercanspeaktwoforeignlanguages.(变为一般疑问句)
3.TheBlackshavedinneratsevenintheevening. (分别就划线部分提问)
4.Youcanfindtheballunderthetable. (就划线部分提问)
keys:
Doeshedohishomeworkatschool?
Cantheteacherspeaktwoforeignlanguages?
Whohavedinneratsevenintheevening?
Whattime/WhendotheBlackshavedinnerintheevening?
4.Wherecanyoufindtheball?
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