配色: 字号:
R统计软件详细介绍(中文版)
2012-04-03 | 阅:  转:  |  分享 
  
Rènù53s

Rfrequentlyaskedquestions

http://www.r-project.org

153sòD?R

ThisdocumentisgeneratedfromLATEXsourcescompiledwithctexv0.7d

inaWindowsplatform.TheusedpackagesareCJKalistingsagraphicxandsoon.

?

?éó?=?¥ ?÷";μ ?1?R2Zó?
 ?RintroRdataRadmin9μ ?

1?o ó?¥contributeddocuments?μ?? ?1?CapitalOfStatistics
?¥)
?ù5b

''ó?¥"¥
^1 μB?d9

?D?¥RèqD?4B? y
?a
MRèq¥ü


??TFíN? V???¥??VriPùb?éó?×??d9ZE
yN
?


ù5? V?WD?d9D¥
???
M?b

R
^B???v¥8"CRAN¥TaskViews
 V[b#1 A?=
?wa
?sa

Da bWd9a×rd9?ZE¥o
b7?tZE?YVM?¥RPackages ?Z V[
a

DR
^Bq
àμDh¥
Yfb

?TF¥?ó
àù5
1úB''1?R¥e?
?!9
^B??p¥ê4??? 7

hèè?|?heb??z37:¥ó?Fa
MaDR
^??p¥úùb


>
±+!1

June25,2008

á?

abel,cran,rtist,XieYihui,zhangv...

1sunbjtgmail.com

xA-y

1.R
^S
I
1¥$

R
^B?μ"d9s??#<vTm??¥èq"d
^?í X §vDd9D"¥RossIhaka?

RobertGentleman]7 ?b??R
sBecker,Chambers&Wilks7 ?¥S?Sussman¥Scheme


??y¥?Y
?[R A ??S?ydèM
?b

2.'' ú V[/R¥?
??

R¥2Z??
ê4?_?^http://cran.r-project.org/mirrors.html1?UC

Berkeley/èq?''bR?μLinuxMacOSXWindowsü
?/¥ò??''?T
^Windows

¨?é??^?_ê4Windows(95andlater)é?base/R-x.x.x-win32.exeb

3.1
I
1R?SR

?s
^y1
êR¥T?(RobertGentleman?RossIhaka)¥??s
^
s?
:
L
iS

?y¥?Y
?1S?y¥Zyb

4.CRAN
^
I
1i
±$

CRAN
^ComprehensiveRArchiveNetwork¥e
^?μ]B''
 ?R¥???''

ó??÷}
?¥?
?"?b

5.á
^?
má?? 7
SDR

R¥2Z?:?μv
?óD''÷? V[? Ihttp://cran.r-project.org/other-docs.

html
¥?óJró?bd9-?bbs
^B??p¥DR¥?ó?_??
?
F V[s?

v
D''
°¤4ù5]vE)b

6.D?R1??
¥R-introü V[

1$

R-intro?
L
^2Zó??K$¥?
??
^VRèq?¨??¥#i?
a??RD?b

V[? IR-intro?
? ??a2?sT1$Db

7.?
 BtR¥ü?
?"
1$

??vE?¨R¥V?? A?v?sü?¥R
?!?1?ó

ModernAppliedStatisticswithS
VenablesandRipley

TheNewSLanguage:AProgrammingEnvironmentforDataAnalysisandGraphics

|
RichardA.BeckerJohnM.ChambersAllanR.Wilks

AHandbookofStatisticalAnalysisUsingR
BrianS.EverittTorstenHothorn

DataAnalysisandGraphicsusingR
MaindonaldandBraun

IntroductoryStatisticswithR
Dalgaard

8.R31I?
1$

2

?v
?
H??31y1Rμ?f
??7O
???9FF¨¥B?ZE?f
?? V

[R1{?s?b

9.??e? B?R¥ è0$


3?100?ú
?
?
?s?
?
?i?100?
?é?+?
í
?b

1x
mean(x)

3sd(x)

summary(x)

??F? V[
P¨demo()f
?1?R?

¥m?
U

demo(graphics)

10.R31?¨n¨
1$

?31R
^B {GNUGeneralPublicLicense(GPL)/??¥ 7÷èqo
^?
B?s?

?¨?
<¨ob???1
I
1μtn
Han ?ONì?c¥
<d9èq ??
3i$

11.1
I
1R??
P¨?V50%¥CPU$

?
^Windows/?5 ?¥?
?|?CPU AT
^??CPU]
H9
?
P¨1 èb7R


^?L?9
?èq
???]
H
P¨2?[
¥CPUb?F¥9
??¨¥
^
??/
?F??

CCPU?¨??ì50%
b

12.?????t ú?¨R

?TF
^LATEX¨? V[R?
P¨
7citation()¤? VBibTEX
P¨¥=??
^B

?¥?¨

1citation(package=’package’)

xB$?
M

13.??¤úù$

R¥úù"ddè<v V[°¤
P¨\?topic"help(topic) ?|topic¥úù?9 V
P¨

help.search("topic") ?
?
ìúù"db

?TFo??f
?¥?s?
1 V[
P¨apropos("tab") ?
?
�?=i
?μc

tab3
¥f
?b

?T?
àμ¤?31¥''
?μRSiteSearchhttp://finzi.psych.upenn.edu/search.

html?N?Rü
?

P¨RSiteSearch()f
?b

14.R V
P¨¥Kv=i
^
$

3

Rüèy1Vsh{=i7
s?·37
Y
L9?
^?Nb?V?zá
ì
P¨¥
?
Yè?
^

?vYèR? V[) ?b+?Hq/á
ì V?31÷v¥=i ?S
?4
?o? ?
!?


9v=i

??Ré?-9FR??
?bCMDìa/?9F?
?¥Rterm

1r??max?mem?size=1Gb

YV@FRHOME/binà"dìa?°¤\?"??2

1rgui??max?mem?size=1Gb

??Ré?aYVmemory.limitf
?9vRé?¥=iK?b

R¥yT=ivl¥
!?′132Mb?3GbW¥?i
?′b?314
U¥
^Windowsü
? V¨

Kvμr=i12Gb9ü
^
a
L=
R¥yT=iuW132Mbà2Gbb

15.1
I
1help.search()
?
ì??
P¨$

?í ?¥
?
ì?c1p???
???JavaOJava?Javascript?3?í ?b

16.R|??ó
1$

|???zR?v?s¥T??
^[?ó1?¥???ó3? I
n
t#yp


P¨??óìab

17.R|?1???
Tabcompletion
1$

|?2.5.0?''?R??

71?????
P¨Tabo?1???R
7
P¨?=

QTabaRí
?μ V?¥??
7
Vb

18.??b"M
$

b"??M

P¨rm()f
?b"=i?
?μ¥M


1rm(list=ls(all=TRUE))

19.??÷?l
??aA
U
?3ê
?$

options(digits=)digitsa
?¥?
?11à22¥
?3a17boptionsf
?? V[?M??

ê[?÷?4
U?(prompt)
^?A
Up?(show.error.messages)?b

20.???¨"d=¥??$


P¨system()f
?¨shell.exec()?¨M??? ?u 7óq:

1#gotothecran

system(paste(’"C:/ProgramFiles/InternetExplorer/iexplore.exe"’,

2]"|?Rterm

4

3’cran.r-project.org’),wait=FALSE)

#invokethenotepad

5system("notepad")

shell.exec("C:/WINDOWS/clock")

21.Windows/
6)R??X×
packages$


e"
c/?
R|??''
=¥library"
c/¥óq Jà??''library"
c/?a

update.packages()?RüR
??¥"
c/?aupdate.packages()b

22.???X?
¥packages$

? I

remove.packages(c("pkg1","pkg2"),

2lib=file.path("path","to","library"))

23.R¥yT"
c'' ú$

B?¥WindowsXP/¥RyT"
c

C:nDocumentsandSettingsnusername

?
P¨getwd()
7¤R¥yT"
c(WorkingDirectory)
P¨setwd()
!?yT"
cê?b

24.á8"i1-¥yT$


P¨save.image()f
?b
?|R¥
S"
ci:ku
workingspaceà.RDataóq?
P

¨save(...,flle=)i31i¥R`b

25.R???
$

YVê4/?^R V[1??
??
''1¥??9 V[V?^?_/ V¨¥°

¤''1?
3b

26.library()¥I_?T
^
I
1$

?Fa31s ?R]
H V[
P¨

1detach("package:pkg")

27.Library?Packageμ
I
1uY$

?
?àQ¥??^jy1R?FPackage¥
7
^LibraryLibrary
^B?"
c V?

cB??Package7Package
^cf
?a
? a
m¨¥B?"?
???Library''


Windows/¥\.zip"óqb

28.??¤?FPackage¥
V$

3RμUnixaMacaWindows???''?i9sY????''

5

search()f
?Rí?-F¥¥f ?
P¨

1.packages(all.available=TRUE)


7¤''1?
¥
Vb

?R?aR=i??1?F??Package

R
S
??
V


í
?

statsè¨d9f
?

graphics$?mf
?

grDevices$gridm?
!!

utilsRy f
?

datasets$
? "

methods¨?R`?I?y ¥ZE? ?¥?l

base$f
?

29.??
P¨R=?¥
? "$

Rdatasets?4
100? V[
P¨¥
? "?t
? "? V[YVdata()f
?F?

=ib

1dim(data()$results)

data()$results[,4]

30.R¥
? ??μ+?$

R
S?y
àμS

?YV
P¨ò? ??¥_
 ?i%
? b訥
? ??
classμ

è¨
? ??

??
a
ü

13?
charactor
?
ìèè$?|?

2
?3
numeric
L
?_


3?
?
integer?
?_


4
?
logical
?_

TRUE=TaFALSE=F

5ˉ
?
complexˉ
?a

6
V
listS`¥_


7y0
factor�S:"''

a? I?15:\ˉ
?9
?"

R
S?y?μB?1 1:

EverythinginSisanobject;

EveryobjectisShasaclass.

31.dataframe
^
I
1$

6

dataframe

?  V[ ?3
^B?
??¥
? "b
? V[
^??] ??¥


?3ay0a3?

?F?¥ ? ?
matrix-likeb

32.??¤?f
?¥}
?$

Yèf ?Fo31Rü
?/F31° A¥f
?íú'' Vb1?

dist

?μ
H???f
? V?
^B? ?f
?
GenericFunction

?¥ZEü31



?éB/5
P

¨methods()f
? ?° A?? ?f
?¥
Vs? 831¥f
?4 ?íú|ù53 %b

1summary#Itisagenericfunciton

methods(summary)#listoftheS3methods

3summary.lm#maybeyouwanttoknowthelinearmodels’ssummary

?T1??ù? V[?/÷}
?a
ê
.tar.gz1?R-2.5.1.tar.gz

33.áX° AB? ?¥-
a+?8
1÷$

V[
P¨head()tail()f
?b

1head(CO2)

?
?f
?
^ ?f
?
?
ì V[?¨?_
a ?a
? aVìf
?b?ToX
? A A`

?¥Bt=?? V[
P¨car?¥somef
?b

34.R?
T¥?|?
^
I
1il$

&èn¥lmglm? ?
ay~model
^B?+?¥ì
TV
U[y1Y?M
?1modelb

?model?¥M
?+ ? ?¤??: ?V
UM
W¥\?oT¨"b"
+?:á
ì
P¨

? ?V
U0a+b+a:b0b(a+b+c)^2V
U(a+b+c)?(a+b+c)''?y
íaabac?ò?y
í¥

?oT¨b?V
U??-ib(a+b+c)^2?a:bV
U0a+b+c+b:c+a:c0b
TVr?"


M
?y0?
??|9
^ V[i¥b?0log(y)a+log(x)0
^?E¥b

?|.updatef
??μ+
y¥il
?V
U\Xüi"-ib

1fm
fm0
?H??¥?ì
lattice?má
ì?? A?j?|
? V[¨ ?S
U\HqM
"b

35.R ú
? V[
P¨ SD9
?E
1$

V[b

1e10==10000000000

21.2e?4==0.00012

4S??|¥f
? V[
P¨getAnywhere()f
?¤}
?

7

xC
{?
{

36.R V[|
ed9èq
c?¥
?
1$

V[
P¨foreign
? V[|Minitab,S,SAS,SPSS,Stata,Systat,dBasei¥
?

37.R V[Excel¥
?
1$

V[??wi°¤|Excelóq?oμ±è??Excel ú
?μ
I
1êbYèμ??ZE

|Excel

1.|Excel
6i1csv(CommaSeparatedValues)óq
P¨read.csv()f
?|
wi

2.FRODBC
P¨odbcConnectExcel()f
?|xlsóq

library(RODBC)

2z
dd
4close(z)

W%h? IRDataImport/Export

3.xlsReadWrite?¥read.xlsf
?b

38. V[|R?A
U¥2T
{?óq
1$

V[b
P¨sink()f
?b

data(CO2)

2sink("CO2.txt")

CO2

4sink()#gotoyourworkdirectory,youwillgetCO2.txt

39.???¨R¥
{?$

R4
capture.output()f
???f
? V[|R¥
{??13?óqb

glmout
2glmout[1:5]

???TFX¤??

¥
{GotoLATEX!

40.R V[V=i°¤
?
1$

V[b J31|¥=?
P¨

data
2write.table("clipboard")

8

41.8"|y0(factor)D1
?3

??ù5
Hμ?
3L
!f
^B??"¥y0`á
ì V[
P¨

as.numeric(as.character(f))

2#or

as.numeric(levels(f))[as.integer(f)]

42.R V[
P¨è0Vì
{?
?
1$

V[
P¨edit()?flx()f
?b

1data
edit(x);fix(x)

43.1
I
1?á
P¨source()
H??A
U
{2T$

31A
U
{¥`
P¨print()?
P¨source(flle,echo=TRUE)b?TR}
? ú
?c

sink()- ?¥f
?A?
P¨source(flle,echo=TRUE)??¤???¥
{2T?5sink¥

`|1 bb

44.R V[
{ VTEX
P¨¥ó''
1$

V[? IHmisc?¥latex()f
??xtable?¥xtable()f
?b

a
2colnames(a)
xtable(a)

xtable()f
? V[¨?á
3HTMLì
T¥e
??"R
3?¥Vìü V[dèZLa?

1??

?wordapowerpoint? ?ó3) ?èqb


{LATEXì
T¥Vì? V[quantreg?¥latex.table()f
?b

45.s??óq?á??
?''

R ú
?
P¨A?
P¨
?Q|×?|×V
Uóq
^?1?

1d:nnR?2.4.1nnlibrarynnxgobinnscriptsnnxgobi.bat

d:/R?2.4.1/library/xgobi/scripts/xgobi.bat

??? V[
P¨flle.choose()f
?u 7B?WindowsSóqê4? 
m?ê4óqb???

μ V[
P¨choose.dir()u 7WindowsS"
cê4? ,b

46.R V[°¤V
? o|
?
1$

V[iO? V[YVSQL? 
? oé??TbR??SQL?y¥1"?
? oμ
z

¥|??t
? o;μ
<
? oOracleaMicrosoftSQLServeraIBMDB2?9cGNU

GeneralPublicLicense(GPL)/??¥MySQL? 7÷
? ob

9

RMySQL5?4
?MySQL
? o¥¤ gRODBC4
÷1<W
? o¤ g¥3

%Z?||?
?μSODBC¤ g¥
? obYV??Z
TM]¥R}
? V[ZL1?¨?

?] ??¥
? ob

library(RODBC)

2ch
stocks
4odbcClose(ch)

ü?
kWindowsü
?
¥MicrosoftSQLServeraAccessaOracleaMySQLaPostgreSQL?

Linuxü
?
¥MySQLaOracleaPostgreSQLaSQLite?μ
z¥?¨? è
W%? IR-datab

xD
? ) ?

47.??÷??
>′$

R?
P¨NA
notavailableV
U?
>′1?iR
S?y?NA]"
^B?
?′6

x
2x>3

class(x)

#??
^?M?
H??
P¨

1x==NA

???
>′b7
^
P¨f
?is.na() ??
^?1?
>′
P¨

1x[!is.na(x)]

÷"?
>′b

48.??|3?1M1
73?$

? ú¨?eval()?parse()f
?b
n5
P¨parse()f
?|3?1?1Vr
T
expression7a


P¨eval()f
?Vr
Tp3b

1x
a
3class(a)

eval(parse(text=a))

49.??_B?_
Fí
í$

? Iappend()f
?b

531DBI¥|?

6Rμ??
?′TRUEaFALSEaNA

10

x
2(foo
append(x,0,after=1)

50.??M"?(
)
?

V[
P¨f
?subset(select=)?
P¨/S

1x
dim(x)

3print(x)

new.x1
5new.x2
new.x1;new.x2


Y
L
1?ê|+?Hq/¥
? 
? subsetf
?]
P¨/SrTM]

iS
2iris[iS,c(1,3)]

subset(iris,select=c(Sepal.Length,Petal.Length),Species=="setosa")

51.??1?
?
? 
^?M]$

1?
??í
í
^?M]?T
??í
í?M]
1?
?
? 9M]

1a1
a2
3a2[[3,1]]a2[[8,2]]

any(a1!=a2)#all(a1==a2)

any()f
? V[Rí
^′
^?à
μB?1?¥
?′b7
? ?¥í
íμ?M?¥f ?5

a1!=a2

|Ríà
B?TRUE
1any()f
?|?1TRUEb]"9 V[
P¨identical()f
?b

1indentical(a1,a2)

?T31Rí
?
? ?M]¥ê? V[
P¨

1which(a1!=a2,arr.ind=TRUE)

arr.ind?

^arrayindices-iRí
? ¥?
ê?b

52.á¥
? μM]¥??????t?$

? Iuniquef
?buniquef
? V[??_
a
?  ?
?
?
¥
? ?×ˉ¥í
íb

11

1x
(xu
3unique(x)#ismoreefficient

? úduplicatedf
?Rí
í
í
^?×ˉ¥
?′b

53.??
?

arrayé??MD$


P¨f
?aperm

1x
xt
3dim(x);dim(xt)

54.??÷"list?¥í
í$

R?
P¨NULLV
Uír¥`b

1lst
lst[["a"]]["b"]
3lst

55.?? ???(
)T9
?$


P¨f
?apply()

1vec=1:20

mat=matrix(vec,ncol=4)

3vec

cumsum(vec)

5mat

apply(mat,2,cumsum)

7apply(mat,1,cumsum)

56.????v
¥R?''

?TF
P¨|??5Vr
T¥ó''I¥? V[ I
n¨?5Vr
T(RegularExpression)

?|v
¥}
??B?.Róq?T31??¥?source(.R)-F?#'' V? V[
P



1if(FALSE)f

somethingpassby

3g

57.??
? (dataframe)¥
T
?DMD$


P¨transform()f
??T 8? I?transform

12

58.??p3
Fü?_
¥′$

pmax()?pmin()?

1x
pmax(x,y);pmin(x,y)

59.????5
?Fé?d9s$

? Itapply()

n
2table(fac)

tapply(1:n,fac,sum)

4tapply(1:n,fac,mean)

##orreversealist

6to
tapply(to,unlist(to),names)

tapply()¥èn?Zμs?ò?FYé?meanavar
sd¥9
?b
a?à1d9?¤?
a
6

?B?f
?aggregate()
?|tapply()f
?`1_
¥K? ?Z?

? b7

1attach(warpbreaks)

tapply(breaks,list(wool,tension),mean)

3aggregate(breaks,list(wool,tension),mean)

##fromthehelp

5aggregate(state.x77,

list(Region=state.region,

7Cold=state.x77[,"Frost"]>130),

mean)

60.?
? ¥

^?1
?3$

sapply(dataframe,is.numeric)

61.BF
??
?|
? $

f
?sample()

sample(n)
?F?1;:::;n

sample(x)
?F?_
x;length(x)>1

sample(x,replace=T)3?{E

sample(x,n)dbí¥Vx?|n[

sample(x,n,replace=T)bí¥Vx?|n[

sample(x,n,replace=T,prob=p)[à
qpbí¥Vx?|n[

7??]"à1d9¥VC?
T?B"

13

n
2x
plot(cumsum(x),type="l",

4main="CumulatedsumsofBernoullivariables")

? V[? I?17:?1?EX?s?¥
?
? f
??

rnorm(100,mean=0,sd=1)

62.??? μ¥
|
?
? ?i$


ìüè???
?
? ?μM]¥
HW4?′??t
??DM]b) ?¥÷Eü
^
P¨

merge(x,y,by.x=,by.y=,all=)f
?b

63.??|
? S?$

? Iscalef
?b

1x
m
3n
64.1
I
1flvenum?summary
?f
?Rí¥2T?]$

y1
e
ì
?
í
? ?Bá
?[μt??|=??]?
e
ì?
Lμ%±μYb

1>fivenum(c(1,4,6,17,50,51,70,100))

[1]1.05.033.560.5100.0

3>quantile(c(1,4,6,17,50,51,70,100))

0%25%50%75%100%

51.005.5033.5055.75100.00


ì A/
e
쥥?lsê
?
^·μ?s-
¥
? l?¥
?′
summary()f
?''
P¨s


?àQá
ì V[ A?14;34sê
?¥?l

1+14(length(x)?1);14sê
?

1+34(length(x)?1);34sê
?

7flvenum()f
?
^?? ?¨?ê
?àQb

xE
?D
?

65.??SwLs$

R?y
P¨integratef
? ?¤?s2T?

14

1integrate(dnorm,?1.96,1.96)

integrate(dnorm,?Inf,Inf)

3##aslowly?convergentintegral

integrand
5integrate(integrand,lower=0,upper=Inf)

66.??¤?B?
_
$

?? V[
P¨f
?t()R?ax1\integer" ??
? ?
H V[¨t(t(x))¤?
_


1x
t(x);class(t(x))

3t(t(x));class(t(t(x)))

?_
a
_
èè?μB?1??^?|
ù′¥1Z

1x%?%x

9
?¥
^xTx
9
?xxT
P¨%o%outer()f
?bcrossprod()f
??E
???f ?

1XT.y

?°¤9
?XTY V[ AT-?¥
6B?VrZ
T??crossprod()÷1μr8b??outer()f


?¥ ?il
?�???m
? 1?á
ì9
?

10£sin

px2+y2

px2+y2


1?¥Rf
?9
?1

1f
z
67.R??é?ˉ
?9
?$

? Icomplex()f
?¥úùb

x
2Mod(x);Conj(x)

68.??
3?? ?$

B?_

P¨diag()f
?¤??Lí
í1_
¥? ??
?Z
P¨Nf
?¤?Z?

¥?ê ?b

69.p ?¥+?′?+?_
¥f
?
^
I
1$

? Ieigenf
?

8? ??v
H?dè
üA,

15

70.??/

/?? ?$

? If
?lower.tri()?upper.tri()b

Rmat
2Rmat[lower.tri(Rmat)]
Rmat

71.p ?Z???
?$

x^(1/3)bR ú
?sqrt()f
? V[9
? 7üZ#?
m?^w? 7 ?Z9μf
?b
Y
L
R ú
?


P¨^ ?T
af
?
?b^??
^
??|? V[ AT
^f
?

1"?"(x,1/3)

R?¥
??| ?

R?¥
??|


?D
?+,-,,/,^,%%,%/%Fahaea"aeZa?
?a?"


?
?>;<;>=;<=;==;!=v?l?v???l????????

72.??p ?ò?(
)¥ (′$

?T
?
?
^?v?? V[
P¨apply()f
?browMeans()?colMeans()f
? V[÷ y1¤?

F1¥2Tb

1m
A
3system.time(B1
system.time(B2
73.??9
?F?
?¤?
?μF?$

choose()¨?9
?F?
??nk¢f
?combn() V[¤?
?μí
í¥F?b
P¨factorial()9
?¨eb

74.??R ú
?p
ê?
?$


P¨f
?D()

f1
2f2
D(f,"x")

75.??pBíZ?¥?$


P¨uniroot()f
??Vuniroot
^?=sE ?9
?Z???
SuW??
?@1p
H?R

íp?b

1f
uniroot(f,c(0,2))

16

?TBíZ?¥?
^′
1? V[
P¨optimize()f
? ?p′b

f
2optimize(f,c(?2,2))

76.??Eú
?
?
?s?
? $


P¨rnorm(n,mean,sd) ?á
3n? ?1? (′1meanSμ1sd¥ú
?
?
?s?¥
?

bR ú
?YVs?-9F3‘d’V
Uà
q
áf
?‘p’V
U ?s?f
?‘q’V
Usê


?f
?‘r’V
Uá
3?s?¥
?
?b?ts? 8 V[? I?20:?\??S
áwL"

R-intro?¥Probabilitydistributionsc?

help.search("distribution")


P¨?tf
? V[?^
?¥é?M1¥s?¥à


q9
??X?X~N(3;1)9
?

P(26X65)

?¨?
?s?¥ ?s?f
?pnorm

1pnorm(5,3,1)?pnorm(2,3,1)

9
?2T10.8185946''·m?|?¥
?b

?202468

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

Density

P(2
xF3??T

77.Rvl
ù?
1$

R?μ??Unix¥#Rvl
^
ù?¥b V[
P¨tolower()atoupper()acasefold()

? ?¥f
?3?é??b

1x
chartr("iXs","why",x)

3chartr("a-cX","D-Fw",x)

tolower(x)

5toupper(x)

78.R?2T
{?óq?
Hóq? V[¨M
}9
?$

V[YV
P¨paste()f
?b

17

1for(varinletters[1:6])f

x
3write.table(x,paste("FOO",var,".txt",sep=""))

g#Youwillget"FOOa.txt"...

79.R???
P¨?5Vr
T
RegularExpressions

R?μ?? ??¥?5Vr
Textendedregularexpressions
P¨f
?grep(extended=TRUE)


abasicregularexpressions
P¨grep(extended=FALSE)Perl-likeregularexpressions
P

¨grep(perl=TRUE)b1?\."¨ ??¥?i3?

P¨\n:" ??¥\."

grep("J.",month.abb)

W% V[? Ihelp("regex")b

80.??3?1?ê|+?ê?¥3?$

? Isubstr()f
?b

1substr("abcdef",2,4)

substring("abcdef",1:6,1:6)

??f
?]
H|??ó¨
ò ?) ?\e?"?\??"?
^B??p¥ê4¥b

81.??Rí3??
?$

? Incharb

nchar(month.name[9])

xG°ù
HW

82.°ù V[S
?
?
?
1$

V[bB?á
ì31
P¨as.Date()as.POSIXct()f
?||¥°ù
3?1?1\Date" ?

?
? \Date" ??
? V[é?
?
?
?b

1d1
D1
3D2
D1+2;D1?D2

5difftime(D1,D2,units="days")

83.??|°ùV
U1\?ù°,22t2007"??ì
T$


P¨format()f
?b

18

1format((Sys.Date(),format="%A,%d%B%Y")

8format?
? V[? Ihelp(strptime)¥details?sb

xH?mM1

84.??]B?
??fm$

? ú4??3 %Z?

????m?
??par(mfrow=c(2,2))par(mfcol=c(2,2))

?÷1<v??¥layoutf
?
? V[
!?m???
¨??m?vl

?split.screen()f
?b

wi
P¨layout()f
?StatisticswithR¥B? è0

1layout(matrix(c(1,1,1,

2,3,4,

32,3,4),nr=3,byrow=T))

hist(rnorm(25),col="VioletRed")

5hist(rnorm(25),col="VioletRed")

hist(rnorm(25),col="VioletRed")

7hist(rnorm(25),col="VioletRed")

85.??
!?m?H?vl

???m?
?par(mar=c(bottom,left,top,right))bottom,left,top,right
1??
?sY
^ 

?bottom,left,top,right¥éa  ?
^c(5,4,4,2)+0.1b????m?
?par(mai=

c(bottom,left,top,right))[?j1?ê ?·?H?vlb

86.訥pch?|?μ''t$

pch
^plottingcharacter¥
êbpch?|

V[
P¨\0:25" ?V
U26?S
M
?

A·m\pch?|"b???|9 V[
P¨

#;%;?;j;+;?;:;o;Ob′¤?i¥
^21:25

?+??| V[pointsf
?
P¨?]¥t

?A 
bg=?
?b

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

1op
x
3plot(x,sin(x),type="o",bg=par("bg"))

points(x,sin(x),pch=21,cex=1.5,bg="red")

19

87.??Xμm?
FBH
£üL


P¨?
£ü?m
7abline()
? V[T
£üL
y′h=a<L
x′v=?|L
? a=|


qb=b

R?¥?m
7 V[s1\ú
£ü"
Highlevela\?
£ü
Lowlevel"?\?o
T"
Interactive

???m
7b

e11
a\ú
£ü"?m
7 V[m?
!!
???m\?
£ü"?m
7|Xüi

m?
@F÷¥?m???aLaH??
P¨\?o
T"?m
77y¥?m V[
P¨

?
?S? ?¥??
? ?@F4|?m?bXμm?
@F???1
P¨\?
£ü"?m


7b

88.??S
áwL$

訥÷E
^Sx¥B??
?aSdfunction(x)1?

x=seq(?3,3,.05)

2plot(x,dnorm(x),type="l")

lines(x,dt(x,1),col="red")

dfunction(x)?¥function
^·s?B V[? IR-intro?¥Probabilitydistributionsc?

help.search("distribution")b1?/M1s?f
?? I?17:?\??Eú
?s?
? "b

R?¥s?f
?

s?Rf
??F?
?a?
?

betabetashape1(fi),shape2(fl)

=[binomsize(n),prob(p)

′2chisqdf

(unifmin(a),max(b)min=0;max=1


?expraterate=1

Ffdf1(r1),df2(r2)

?
?gammashape(fi),scale()scale=1

?+?hyperm=N1;n=N2;k=n

?
?normmean(?),sd()mean=0;sd=1

{
?poislamda(?)

ttdf

ˉ?:weibullshape(fi),scale()scale=1

89.??Fm è$

??m?a
P¨legendf
?help("legend")

1with(iris,plot(Sepal.Length,Sepal.Width,

pch=as.numeric(Species),cex=1.2))

20

3legend(6.1,4.4,c("setosa","versicolor","virginica"),

cex=1.5,pch=1:3)

90.8
1Sfm$

? Ipie()f
?bfmZ
U
? ¥? ??μy1á
ì¥?é?ê1?
ù?71 óu×?

?? $?μbyp
P¨H?m
barchart??m
dotchartb

91.??S?=m$

? Istemf
?b

stem(faithful$eruptions)

92.R??S
?USm$

R? V[YV?m?
?par(new=TRUE)
P¤???=??m(hight-levelplot)
H
=?B?

?mu×?"
f?m?×?B A ?ü
^
?USmb/
?¥ è0
^]Bfm
??

GDP?
><
q(UR)

1year
x1
3x2
par(mar=c(5,4,4,6)+0.1)

5plot(x1,axes=FALSE,type="l")

axis(1,at=year,label=year);axis(2)

7par(new=T,mar=c(10,4,10,6)+0.1)

plot(x2,axes=FALSE,xlab="",ylab="",col="red",type="b")

9mtext("UR(%)",4,3,col="red")

axis(4,col="red",col.axis="red")

??wi
P¨
?USm ?é?
?
í
??"??^/?3biOR?Si?m?T1

??^
àμA1??
?USmb

93.??1?mF??ì$


P¨grid()f
?

plot(1:3)

2grid(NA,5,lwd=2)#gridonlyiny?direction

94.?T?m
HS5
té??D?$

V[
P¨strwrapf
???f
? V[|?l

?ì
Tb

plot(0,main=paste(strwrap("Thisisareallylongtitlethat

2icannottypeitproperly",width=50),

21

collapse="\n"))

95. V[u 7?m?
!!
1$

V[b?u 7?m?
!!a
P¨dev.list()3 Am?
!!¥
?"
"

!!B
P¨dev.cur()3

A?-
P¨¥m?
!!dev.set()?M·?¥m?
!!dev.ofi()1>m?
!!b

96.USy
¥
?3??
£üb?$

ˉ?
^?m?
?ù5

1?par#seelas

plot(0,0,xaxt="n",type="n",ylim=c(0,100),las=1)

3mtext("35",side=2,at=35,line=1,las=1)

97.訥?m
!!?μ''t$

R|?¥m?
!!μ?/+?
? I?Devices

Rm?
!!

?
í
?

àx11X3 g

A
UwindowsWindows3 g

postscriptpsì
Tóq

pdfpdfì
Tóq

pictexLATEX
P¨¥óq

óqpngpngì
Tóq


!!jpegjpegì
Tóq

bmpbmpì
Tóq

xflgXFIG
P¨¥m?ì
T

win.metaflleaemfì
T¥óq

a?Windows/μr

? úwi
P¨postscript()f
?y1psm?ì
T1
O
?mì
TOY¨??
98.??S ?rm$

R ú
?
P¨starsf
? ?S ?rmb

1stars(state.x77[,c(7,4,6,2,5,3)],full=FALSE,

key.loc=c(10,2))

? ú¥¥full=FALSE?
?V
Uo?? ?rm¥
??s
Q-???? ?rmkey.loc?
?

V
Um è¥ê?b

99.1
I
1R??A
U8?[
¥t?$

??m?
?col
P¨
?3 ?}9t?
H?μ??f??
^y1R=???ea18?t?

22

palette()

2barplot(rnorm(15,10,3),col=1:15)

palette(rainbow(15))

4barplot(rnorm(15,10,3),col=1:15)

palette("default")

R?μ657?t?? V[
P¨
?
� V[YV

1colors()

?¤??
Y
L
μtt??}V¥t?×ˉR?t??o?A
U502?t?b?? V[
P

¨f
?rgb() ?·??i??b

100.??¨?]¥t? ?}V
? $

ú)?mf
?B??μcol?
? V[
!?b?^barplot()? ?m? V[
P¨\t?F"(color

sets) ?
!?t?t?F ??/+ ?

Rt?Ff
?

?
í
?

rainbow()???(xbxbxbxbxbxbxb)

heat.colors()£?à??(xbxbxbxbxbxbxb)

terrain.colors()
s?a5?àa?(xbxbxbxbxbxbxb)

topo.colors()
'' ??à05?(xbxbxbxbxbxbxb)

cm.colors()0 ??a?0,?(xbxbxbxbxbxbxb)

gay()agrey()??(xbxbxbxbxbxbxb)

1x
barplot(x,col=rev(heat.colors(10)))

3barplot(x,col=gray((1:10)/10));

101.8"|R¥t?]RGB? ?$

? If
?col2rgb()

1write.table(t(col2rgb(rainbow(7))/255),sep=",")

102.????
??m?¥vl$

Windowsü
?/?èf ?u 7?m3 g??3 gvl???°¤i
P¨savePlot()

f
?i??9 V[
Y5¨

1windows(width=,height=)

u 7B??lzvl¥3 g?a?m? V[
P¨pdf(),postscript(),png(),jpeg(),pictex()?

\a
?
3?"f
?

23

1##startaPDFfile

pdf("picture.pdf",height=4,width=6)

3##yourdrawingcommandshere

dev.off()###closethePDFfile

?tf
??μ
!?m?vl¥?
?? V[
P¨

dev.copy(device,file="",height,width)


7b

103.??E? μ?$

? μ? V[¨S?
?¥
?E′¥ ?? ?E

1#twodimensions

n
3x
y
5plot(x,y,type=’l’)

104.??¤ ?¤???¥üáwL$

?TX?S?t?¥f
? V[
P¨curve(expr,from,to,add=T)f
?bQ-
P¨ ?ZwLμ

′f
?spline(x,y,n=)?

1x
y
3plot(x,y)

sp
5lines(sp)

105.?ì(lattice)?m??Y?mμ
I
1uY$

?ì
lattice?m
L=

^S-plus?Trellis?mR?¥
LC
^í
? V
j?¥ZEb?ì

?mM??Y?m ?
a
^B??μ\%?ì
T"¥?mZ
T??
?M ?
a?4??b?T


? s
??]¥ ?Y31|?t ?Y/¥
? é?1??ì?m
^??p¥ê4

1library(lattice)

histogram(~heightjvoice.part,data=singer)

訥lattice?mf
?μ

24

è¨lattice?mf
?

f
?
a
ü

xyplot(y~x)
?M
??m

dotplot(y~x)Cleveland?m(???
 ?Fm)

barchart(y~x)yx¥H?m

stripplot(y~x)B?mxA?
^
?′?y V[
^y0

bwplot(y~x)QLm

histogram(~x)°Zm

106.??????m$

? Ipersp()contour()f
?b? ú31?i¥???m????US¥?
Tb? I?15:?¥

outer()f
?b

107.XüB?
?′¥ ??
1B?t?Zì¥ ?
I
1f
?$

? Iimage()?fllled.contour()f
?

x
2f
r
410?sin(r)/r

g

6z
image(x,y,z)

8filled.contour(x,y,z)

108.??m???vl]yM
′?1 è???$

R?S? ?m?e?y1R¥??m?
? V[
P¨M


x
2y
symbols(x,y,circles=y/2,inches=F,bg=x)

109.áX1B?
? ¥
?B
?SQ{Qm$


P¨apply()f
?T¨? ?¥?
O?E
?R?¥A
T?ì

1table
par(ask=TRUE)#waitforchanging

3results=apply(table,2,qqnorm)

par(ask=FALSE)

110.??B?°Zm
@FB?l¥QLm$

25

°Zm¥ baê?@F
6?¥lm
^m èB"ˉ?
P¨?
?par()

x
2hist(x)

op
4boxplot(x)

111.??R¥?m?F?
?D
T ?3?$

? I?plotmath
?LATEX¥¨???C=??Edè ?
?b

x
2text(3,2,expression(paste("Temperature(",degree,"C)in2003")))

text(4,4,expression(bar(x)==sum(frac(x[i],n),i==1,n)))

4text(6,6,expression(hat(beta)==(X^t?X)^f.1g?X^t?y))

text(8,8,expression(z[i]==sqrt(x[i]^2+y[i]^2)))

112.??H?m
A
U
??bar¥
?′$

?T
üabarplot()f
?
L
^??)?m
7rect()f
?/¥/
?¥ è09ü?4 ?3


1x
b
3text(b,x,labels=x,pos=3)

113.??????
?wL$

? f
?
T¥''?mb°?US"/ V
P¨?
?Z?

(xa)2+(yb)2=1=)x=asin;y=bcos;0<<2…

1t
x
3y
plot(x,y,type=’l’)

114.word ú??
P¨R
3?¥úé
?m$


O
?m¥rT
^Kz¥1?epsapdf7?
^êm
pngajpgatifi?bword ú
? V[
P

¨eps
ù?à
A
U?
^?z?u?rT??pb

xId9?

115.μ
àμ°¤9
???ê¥f
?$

26

??1-B?9n?

t
HWbFBasics?4


skewness()

2kurtosis()

V[°¤9
?ê??b

116.??S?-
 óV$

table()f
?btable(x)1x¥?
?Vtable(x,y)1?-
 óVb

x
2prop.table(x,1)

117.??SL?íB?$

L??
^K??¥ü?d9ZEOà?ˉ?μ<W?¨?C}d9ZE?
^N$
?

Z ?¥bKe?¥L?íB?1

yi=fi+flxi+?i

?fi1? [fl1?¥|
q?1μ[b

lm()f
?4
L?íB¥9
?ZEb

lm.swiss
lm()¥2T
^B?cíB?¥
V
?c[/?

coe–cientsíB"
?
?

residualsRí??μ
?

fltted.values?E?′

......

V[
P¨?/
7¤?
V?:

1names(lm.swiss)

summary()?anova()sYRííB?¥à1??ZμsVb

1summary(lm.swiss)#thesameassummary.lm()

anova(lm.swiss)

4|??¥ ?f
?μ?
e V[? IR-intro?StatisticalmodelsinRB?b

?T) ?
? ¥
?v V[
P¨biglm?¥biglm()f
?b??f
? V[¨?\Z
"
?

¥íBEb

118.??÷??$

? Iupdate()f
?

27

summary(f0
2f1
summary(f1)

119.??
P¨??íB$

R ú V[
P¨9
???íB¥step()f
?b
?[9
?AIC?d9
15ê|Kl¥AIC

?d9
 ?r???íB¥"¥b

1utils::example(lm)

step(lm.D9)

stepf
? V
P¨\both,forward,backward"??ZEa1\backward"b??F? V[? I

add1drop1f
?b

120.R???
LCsê
?íB(QuantileRegression)

? Iquantreg?quantregForest

data(engel)

2taus
rqs
4for(iinseq(along=taus))f

rqs[[i]]
6tau=taus[i],data=engel)

lines(log10(engel$income),fitted(rqs[[i]]),col=i+1)g

8legend("bottomright",paste("tau=",taus),inset=.04,

col=2:(length(taus)+1),lty=1)

121.??¤?B??
?98 (′?¥uW9$

?e?t.test()f
?

1x
t.test(x)

122.??S
?s$

K (′
?(kmeans())

x
2matrix(rnorm(100,mean=1,sd=0.3),ncol=2))

cl
4plot(x,col=cl$cluster,pch=3,lwd=1)

points(cl$centers,col=1:2,pch=7,lwd=3)

6segments(x[cl$cluster==1,][,1],x[cl$cluster==1,][,2],

28

cl$centers[1,1],cl$centers[1,2])

8segments(x[cl$cluster==2,][,1],x[cl$cluster==2,][,2],

cl$centers[2,1],cl$centers[2,2],

10col=2)

aQ
?(hclust())

n
2(x
hc1
4hc2
hc3
6layout(matrix(c(1,1,2,3),nrow=2,byrow=T))

plot(hc1);plot(hc2);plot(hc3)


?V??á
ì V?o31`¥s ??
1
P¨cutree()f
?9
^?p¥ê4

1cutree(hc,k=1:3)

???μS
?¥cluster

1library(cluster)

clusplot(x,pam(x,2)$clustering)

123.??S??ss$

stats?¥princompf
?b

(pc.cr
2plot(pc.cr,type="lines"#or"barplot"

)#orscreeplot

4loadings(pc.cr)

princomp()?¥?
?cor=TRUEV
U
P¨"''M1 ?T??ssQ-
P¨"''xZμ 

?bloadings()Ríy0?bscreeplot()??
T
Fmb

124.8"Sy0s$

R?
P¨factanal()f
? ?é?v
??y0sb

example(factanal)

125.??"''
? é??
?_$

1?èn¥ZEshapiro.test()ks.test()(Kolmogorov-Smirnov_)jarque.bera.test()(31

tseries)b?? I
ê¨T?
?_¥normtestfBasics?¥M1f
?b?+?


?$và4

E+?_f
?b

29

126.??S¥t_$

? It.test()?¥paired?
?b

1require(stats)

##Student’spairedt?test

3t.test(extra~group,data=sleep,paired=TRUE)

? ú31?i¥
^
? ¥
c??
T
?1uY?SPSS


Y
L
?TF
?d9_¥?F?? V[
P¨

1apropos("test")

?Rí
?μ1?\_"¥?b1?Bt訥_

extragroup

0.71

-0.61

¢¢¢¢¢¢

4.62

3.42

bartlett.testZμ
Q?_binom.test=[_

chisq.test′2_cor.testM1?_

flsher.testFisherú?_friedman.testFriedman??_

kruskal.testKruskal-Wallis??_mcnemar.testMcNemar_

pairwise.t.test (′¥×1?PP.testPhillips-Perron_

var.testZμ1_wilcox.testWilcoxon??_

DfZ¨?

127.R??S2Z??$

? Isemb

128.[
TíB??
P¨
I
1f
?$


P¨I() è?

1lm(y~x+I(x^2)+I(x^3))

129.??
P¨Zμs
ANOVA$

Zμs]L?íB?? ?
?8è
?
ì?
^L??bKe?
LCZμs¥f
?1aov()Y

V??f
?=
T?
T ?·?Zμs ??

Zμs

aov(x~a)?y
íZμs

aov(x~a+b)
àμ?oT¨¥
?y
íZμs

aov(x~a+b+a:b)μ?oT¨¥
?y
íZμs

aov(x~ab)]


30

130.??p3
àμè
?[¥L?íB?$

o3
T???0'' V

1result
131.??9
?íB??
?¥??uW$

? Iconflntf
?glm??nls? V? IMASS?¥conflnt.glm?conflnt.nlsf
?b

1fit
confint(fit)

3confint(fit,"wt")

132.logisticíBM1f
?
^$

logisticíB
^1?Y?M
10{1??M
¥<lL?íBù5? ú31
P¨<lL??

glm()f
?O<lL??¥s?B1=[s?b

<lL???¥è¨s?B

s?f
??


?
GaussianaE(y)=xTfl?YL??

=[
BinomialE(y)=exp(xTfl)1+exp(xTfl)Logistic??à
q?ê
probit?

{
?
PoissionE(y)=exp(xTfl)
?L??

a?
?
Normal


?
?
?s?B¥<lL??
Y
L
]L??
^M]¥''

1fit1
]L??

1fit1
¤?¥2
?
^B�?r
q?μ?b

133.??
P¨??[
TíB$


ì I
níBZ?

yi=fl0+fl1xi+fl2x2i+:::+flkxki;i=1;2;:::;n;

?[
T¥Q
?k1?v
Hx;x2;:::;xk?CL?M1ù5b#31
P¨??[
TíB ? X

??Z
?¥??bR?
P¨poly()f
?

1(z
134.??p
?0 ?$

? Ihat(),hatvalues()f
?b

135.D-W_'' ú$

31

car?¥durbin.watsonf
?lmtest?¥dwtestf
?b

1help.search("Durbin-Watson")

136.??pSpearman?)
kendallM1"
?

cor()f
?a1pPersonM1"
???method?
?'' Vp¤Kendall??Spearman?

M1"
?b

1cor(longley,method="spearman")

?ZE¨o
Hq

PearsonL??
?98L?

Kendall?x]d?
?_

Spearman"''?d?
?_

137.??SDecisionTree$

?
??ZE¥?
Tree-basedmodeli?$d9D?¥ù??
?
??
?
e
5×?
H

è$<W?¨b/
?
^ModernAppliedStatisticsWithS?¥ è031Frpartb

1library(rpart)

set.seed(123)

3cpus.rp
plot(cpus.rp,uniform=T)

5text(cpus.rp,digits=3)

138.??
P¨
HW?
M1?$

L
!?t
^BF (′10Zμ12¥?M1¥?

1á
ì?lq¨á?ü (?1

Xt=

qX

0

flj?t?j

p¨1íB?

Xt=

pX

1

fiiXt?i+?t

?lARMA(p;q)V?1

Xt=

pX

1

fiiXt?i+

qX

0

flj?t?j


ì|F?1?y
í¥arma??1arima?R?
P¨arima(x;order=c(0;0;0);seasonal=

list(order=c(0;0;0))?é?E?

1require(graphics)

(fit1
3tsdiag(fit1)

32

139.box-coxMD$

MASS?¥

1boxcox()

f
?b

140._sZμ¥Breusch-Pagan_$

lmtest?¥bptest()f
?? ?¨car?¥ncv.test()f
?

141.??S?Ys$

? IMASS?¥lda()f
?
FisherLinearDiscriminantAnalysis?qda()f
?b

142.9
?OLSμ
àμeLZE?

μ V[
P¨f
?qr.solve()

1qr.solve(X,y)

?N?(X0X)?1X0y

143.??é???M1s$

??M1s
^¨?ù?
F
?M
-W¥M1?¥B?d9ZEbR4
cancor()f
?é

?M19
?b

1pop
oec
3cancor(pop,oec)

144.??
P¨RS
3is$

31Fsurvivalb

1#fitaKaplan?Meierandplotit

fit
3plot(fit)

#lifetable

5cbind(fit$time,fit$n.risk,fit$n.event,fit$surv)

?isurvfltf
??sZEtype?μ\kaplan-meier",\eming-harrington",\fh2"??ZE V[ê

4b

xJ
e

145.R V[
P¨?: ?A
U2T
1$

33

V[bRpad4?]R¥?:¤ gL
!Xü?

Rpad V[''1° ARpad¥r

T

1library(Rpad)

Rpad()#enjoyit

146.Rμ ?
??SPSS¥?
?
1$

μ?
RcmdrFa
P¨
7

Commander()

? V
P¨¥m?
P¨?
?b????m?
P¨?
?31??$?¥
ef
?#?31

caraefiectsaabindalmtestamultcomparelimpaRODBCargl¥|?b

147.8" ?9
?f
??
P¨
HW$


P¨system.time()bproc.time() V[¤Ré?i¥
HWsystem.time()YV?¨
Qproc.time()

?9
?f
??¥
HWb

148.R???) ?1m
? $

R4
maps?mapdata
? ???1m?mapdata4
?S1m¥M1?

1library(mapdata)

map("china")

?V V??ZE¤?¥?S1m
àμ×i¥??u?Oò
8¥??
^¨
?3ó
7??

?¨map?¥f
?^

map("state")

B"é?éB?Fyb

?V?TF
?1 ?
? 
1maptools|
^B??p¥ê4b
ò V[|a) ? bW

`O4
]PBSmapping,spatstat,maps,RArcInfo,Statatmap,WinBUGS,Mondrian? ?

¥
¤ gb

149.Sweave
^¨ ?S
I
1¥$

Sweave4
B?1\?TEXó''?SI
?"
3?ó?¥?b??¥Sweaveó??;c

TEXó''?cSI
?YVIrK???¥ó?c

?TEXó?¥Ir
{

?SI
??


?SI
?¥}
?
{
ó''am?b

?TX
3÷h? ISweaveUserManual? I?
cASweave¥
L èb


?¥ó???V?

34

Sweaveó?Sweave(inR)????????!TEXó?LATEX??????!

dvipdfmx

K?pdfó?

150.??
dbR?a]¨¥=i$


P¨f
?

1gc()

y1R
^=i?
?
?[?R?
81?v¥
? a''
P÷"
M1`=i bW

ˉ??
dbbgc()f
?
ù??1¨ ?á=i
P¨f ??
^B?×1¥¨oL
^
db=ib

151.¨
I
1ó''I1?z$

1?訥
^Tinn{RRWinEdt9ESS(EmacsSpeaksStatistics)
.à?iB {I?

UltraEdit10?t?|?R?E¥ú

A
Ub?T
^Windows
?ìa/¥¨??t?
^?


3:
Y''9?
>1B?ê4b

9/a?
WinEdtaR??
RWinEdt'' V
P¨

1031/a??wordflle

35

?
cASweave è

\documentclass[CJK]{cctart}

\usepackage{verbatim}

\title{Sweave
L è}

\author{}

\date{}

\SweaveOpts{echo=FALSE}

\begin{document}

\maketitle


P¨Sweave V[??^1|\LaTeX{}]R¥}
??ó??1 V

Ir¥\LaTeX{}ó?b

???¥ó? ú''2ˉ?
^\LaTeX{}?
T¥·B¥uY
^

R}
?31b?[$<<>>=$1 7h$@$12á¥

? ú
?b 7h?s


?訥?
?echo?fig,
P¨
?′sYV
U
^?|R}
?
{?

T1\LaTeX{}ó''
{
^?\LaTeX{}ó????m?b

?éó?o31R?IrBR'' V??\LaTeX{}31¥
{
óqb

/
?
^B?¥t_¥B? è0

<>=

require(stats)

##Student’spairedt-test

m<-t.test(extra?group,data=sleep,paired=TRUE)

print(m)

@

R9
?V??
3?¥¥?W2T??^???Só?

1?\texttt{sleep}
? ¥
?"''¥¥t_2T

?¥$p$-value
^\Sexpr{format.pval(m$p.value)}

?
^°¤
?

<>=

choose(49,6)

@


?Sˉ ?o
?
????
??o¥ ?
?F?
???\Sexpr{choose(49,6)}b

YV??ZE) ?‘‘μv
9
?’’¥ó?1word??ZL
b

36

R}
?? V[
?i?
d??t?
da??$
{b?T1p
{?
d

5C?
àμ÷z¥3 %÷Eb


P¨Sweave? V[|R
3?¥m?F??\LaTeX{}ó??7?A
Y5

S\LaTeX{}31¥m?óq\footnote{Sweave?1?
3?ps?pdfm?}b

/m
^? Titanic|Z4?|?¥ü6 ?a?YaM
-?
^?i
1

?M
??¥
?× Xm

<>=

require(graphics)

mosaicplot(Titanic,main="SurvivalontheTitanic")

@

\end{document}

Copyrightc2008RandalltheContributorstoRFAQ.Allrightsreserved.

R[#RFAQ¥T??μ??c2008b
=
?μ? ?b

Permissionisgrantedtocopy,distributeand/ormodifythisdocumentunderthetermsoftheGNUFree

DocumentationLicense,Version1.2oranylaterversionpublishedbytheFreeSoftwareFoundation;withthe

InvariantSectionsbeingContributors,noFront-CoverTexts,andnoBack-CoverTexts.

F V[ Ja??????zó??A?N
o1?èqF???¥GNU1?ó?? V£1.2?[a?''

¥H {bInvariantSections ?Contributors
àμFront-CoverTexts?Back-CoverTextsb

37


ì?

Symbols

nn............................9

..............................18

.packages.....................6

/.............................9

%%........................15

^.........................16,30

fg...........................12

A

abline.......................20

aggregate....................13

any..........................11

aov..........................30

aperm.......................12

append......................10

apply.................12,16,25

as.Date......................18

as.numeric...................20

as.POSIXct..................18

axes.........................21

axis..........................21

B

barplot......................23

boxcox.......................33

bptest.......................33

Breusch-Pagan...............33

C

cancor.......................33

capture.output................8

car........................7,33

casefold......................17

choose.......................16

citation.......................3

clipboard.....................8

cluster.......................29

cm.colors....................23

col...........................23

col2rgb......................23

colMeans....................16

colors........................23

combn.......................16

Commander.................34

complex.....................15

conflnt.......................31

conflnt.glm..................31

conflnt.nls...................31

contour......................25

crossprod....................15

cumsum..................12,24

curve........................24

cutree.......................29

D

D............................16

data..........................6

dataframe................6,12

demo.........................3

detach........................5

dev.copy.....................24

dev.cur......................22

dev.list......................22

dev.ofi.......................22

dev.set......................22

Devices......................22

diag.........................15

difitime......................18

duplicated...................12

durbin.watson...............32

dwtest.......................32

E

edit...........................9

eigen........................15

ESS.........................35

eval..........................10

F

factanal......................29

factorial.....................16

FALSE......................12

flle.choose.....................9

fllled.contour................25

flvnum.......................14

flx............................9

format.......................18

G

gc...........................35

getAnywhere..................7

getwd.........................5

glm..........................31

gray.........................23

grep.........................18

grey.........................23

grid.........................21

H

hat,hatvalues................31

hclust.......................29

head..........................7

heat.colors...................23

help..........................3

help.search....................3

I

I.............................30

identical.....................11

if............................12

image........................25

integer.......................15

38

integrate.....................14

iris..........................20

is.na.........................10

is.numeric...................13

J

jarque.bera.test..............29

jpeg.........................23

K

kmeans......................28

ks.test.......................29

L

latex..........................9

latex.table....................9

layout.......................19

lda..........................33

legend.......................20

letters.......................23

Library.......................5

library........................5

lines.........................24

list...........................4

lm...........................31

lmtest.......................33

loadings.....................29

lower.tri.....................16

ls.............................4

M

mai..........................19

mar.........................19

matrix...................12,16

memory.limit.................4

merge.......................14

methods......................7

N

nchar........................18

ncv.test......................33

NULL.......................12

O

optimize.....................17

options.......................4

outer........................15

P

Package.......................5

par...............19,21,25,26

parplot......................26

parse........................10

paste......................4,17

pch..........................20

pdf..........................23

persp........................25

pictex.......................23

pie..........................21

plotmath....................26

pmax........................13

pmin........................13

png..........................23

points.......................19

poly.........................31

postscript....................23

princomp....................29

print..........................9

proc.time....................34

prompt.......................4

Q

qda..........................33

qqnorm......................25

qr.solve......................33

QuantileRegression..........28

R

rainbow.....................23

Rcmdr.......................34

read.table.....................8

read.xls.......................8

rect..........................26

RegularExpressions......12,18

rev..........................13

rgb..........................23

rm............................4

RMySQL....................10

rnorm................17,21,24

RODBC.....................10

rowMeans...................16

Rpad........................34

rpart........................32

RSiteSearch...................3

RWinEdt....................35

S

sample.......................13

save..........................5

save.image....................5

savePlot.....................23

scale.........................14

screeplot.....................29

search........................6

sem..........................30

setwd.........................5

shapiro.test..................29

shell.exec.....................4

show.error.messages..........4

sink........................8,9

some..........................7

sort..........................21

source........................9

spline........................24

split.screen..................19

sqrt..........................16

stars.........................22

stats.........................29

stem.........................21

39

step.........................28

strwrap......................21

subset.......................11

substr.......................18

summary....................14

survflt.......................33

Sweave......................34

system........................4

system.time..............16,34

T

t.............................15

t.test........................28

table........................27

tail...........................7

tapply.......................13

terrain.colors................23

Tinn-R......................35

tolower......................17

topo.colors...................23

toupper......................17

transform....................12

tseries.......................29

U

unique.......................11

uniroot......................16

update.......................27

update.packages..............5

upper.tri.....................16

W

windows.....................23

with.........................20

X

xlsReadWrite.................8

xtable........................9

40

献花(0)
+1
(本文系非常尛貝首藏)