2011届新题型原创精品系列
七选五阅读理解
【数据库】考点解读
●通读整篇文章，把握整段语脉，理出文章的中心。
●根据标点符号确定有几个句子。
●除中心词、关键词外，将所有句子按意义分出层次，如果是承接、平列、层进关系，则可分为两个或两个以上的层次，如果是解释、转折一般就可以一分为二。
●再分析各层次之间的关系。
●最后检查核对层次划分有无错误。如一篇文章或语段有几个句子单位，几个层次，特别是长难句构成的语段层次是否明确。
阅读填空题详解分析：
语篇与段落是有区别的，语段是篇章结构的中间层次，是由句子到篇的一种过渡形式，段落（paragraph）是在某些语体（如记叙文、议论文）中比语段更大的意义单位，较小的段落可以只包括一个语段或一个句子，一般来说，一个段落通常由几个语段构成。构成语段的方式有两种，一是靠句际间意义的结合，二是靠句际间的关联词，逻辑性插入语来连接，我们在分析语段层次时，可以借助句际间的连接词语作出判断，但最主要的还是要真正体会句际间的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次，好文章的层次非常清晰，只要层层入手，才能真正理解文章。
阅读填空题的解题策略：
1.理清句际间意义的关系
文章的内容是根据各层各段的大意有机地组合而成，各个层次，各个段落之间不管怎样错落有致，但它所表达的内容都是要围绕中心的，各句之间都有一定的语脉，从逻辑意义上来看，语段的句际关系可分为平列、顺序、层递、转折、总分、解释、因果等关系。构成语段的各个句子之间有时可以包含一种以上的句际关系。
2.找出句子之间的连接性的词语
文章的语句间的组合，除了从语句间的意义关系分析外，还可借助句子之间的连接性词语来把握，因为连接性词语能表明这个语段句与句之间、层与层之间的基本关系是：
承接关系（如so,therefore,thus,hence,accordingly,consequently,asaresult等）；
平列关系（如first,second,third…;firstly,secondly,thirdly…;first,next,then…;inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace…;foronething,foranotherthing…;tobeginwith,toconclude等）；
转折关系（如however,nevertheless,nonetheless,still,though,yet,inspiteof,atanyrate,inanycase,whoever,whateveronthecontrary,incontrast,bycontrast,incomparison,bycomparison,conversely,otherwise等）；
层递关系（如also,further,furthermore,likewise,similarly,moreover,inaddition,what’smore,too,either,neither,not…but…,notonly…butalso等）。
【高端数据库】考情直播
（2010辽宁卷）
（A）根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
IwastenwhenIfirstsatwithmygrandmotherbehindthecashier（收银台）inhergeneralstore.1Iquicklylearnedtheimportanceoftreatingcustomerspolitelyandsaying“thankyou.”
AtfirstIwaspaidincandy.2Iworkedeverydayafterschool,andduringthesummerandonweekendsandholidaysfrom8a.m.to7p.m.Myfatherhelpedmesetupabankaccount.3
BythetimeIwas12,MygrandmotherthoughtIhaddonesuchagoodjobthatshepromotedmetosellingcosmetics（化妆品）.Idevelopedtheabilitytolookcustomersdirectlyintheeye.EventhoughIwasjustakid,womenwouldaskmesuchthingsas“WhatcolordoyouthinkIshouldwear?”Itookarealinterestintheirquestionsandwasabletotranslatewhattheywantedintomakeup（化妆）ideas.4
Thejobtaughtmeavaluablelesson:tobeasuccessfulsalesperson,youdidn’tneedtobeaRocketscientist—youneededtobeagreatlistener.__5___Excepttheyarenolongerwomenpurchasingcosmeticsfromme;instead,theyarekidswhotellmewhichtoystheywouldliketoseedesignedanddeveloped.
LaterIreceived50centsanhour.
Beforelong,sheletmesittherebymyself.
Iendedmysellingarecordamountofcosmetics.
TodayIstillcarrythatlessonwithme:Ilistentocustomers.
Mygrandma’strusttaughtmehowtohandleresponsibility.
SoonIfoundmyselflookingmorebeautifulthaneverbefore.
WatchingmymoneygrowwasmorerewardingthananythingIcouldhavebought.
【试题答案及解析】
1.B.从后一句Iquicklylearnedtheimportanceoftreatingcustomerspolitelyandsaying“thankyou.”可推知，作者的祖母先让作者跟着她学，然后让作者独立工作，所以他很快学会有礼貌地对待客人的重要性。
2.A.前面有atfirst，和本项中的later一致。
3.G.根据前一句的Myfatherhelpedmesetupabankaccount.可确定答案。
4C.同样根据前一句确定答案。
5.D.上文提到avaluablelesson，这里承接上下文。
（2010北京卷）
（B）根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Muzakwww.ks5u.com/gaokao/beijing
Thenexttimeyougointoabank,astore,orasupermarket,stopandlisten.Whatdoyouhear?1It''ssimilartothemusicyoulistento,butit''snotexactlythesame.That''sbecausethismusicwasespeciallydesignedtorelaxyou,ortogiveyouextraenergy.Sometimesyoudon''tevenrealizethemusicisplaying,butyoureacttothemusicanyway.
Quietbackgroundmusicusedtobecalled"elevator(电梯)music"becauseweoftenhearditinelevators.Butlatelywehearitinmoreandmoreplaces,andithasanewname"Muzak".Aboutone-thirdofthepeopleinAmericalistento"Muzak"everyday.Themusicplaysfor15minutesatatime,withshortpausesinbetween.Itisalwaysmorelivelybetweentenandeleveninthemorning,andbetweenthreeandfourintheafternoon,whenpeoplearemoretired.2
IfyoulistentoMuzakcarefully,youwillprobablyrecognizethenamesofmanyofthesongs.Somemusiciansorsongwritersdon''twanttheirsongstobeusedasMuzak,butothersarehappywhentheirsongsarechosen.Why?3
Musicisoftenplayedinpublicplacesbecauseitisdesignedtomakepeoplefeellesslonelywhentheyareinanairportorahotel.IthasbeenproventhatMuzakdoeswhatitisdesignedtodo.TiredofficeworkerssuddenlyhavemoreenergywhentheyhearthepleasantsoundofMuzakinthebackground.4Supermarketshoppersbuy38percentmoregroceries.
5.Theysayit''sboringtohearthesamesongsallthetime.ButotherpeopleenjoyhearingMuzakinpublicplaces.Theysayithelpsthemrelaxandfeelcalm.Onewayoranother,Muzakaffectseveryone.SomefarmersevensaytheircowsgivemoremilkwhentheyhearMuzak!
A.Somepeopledon''tlikeMuzak.www.ks5u.com/gaokao/beijing
B.Themusicgivesthemextraenergy.
C.Musicisplayinginthebackground.
D.Factoryworkersproduce13percentmore.
E.Muzaktendstohelppeopleunderstandmusicbetter.
F.Theygetasmuchas$4millionayeariftheirsongsareused.
G.Muzakisplayedinmostofthebigsupermarketsintheworld.
【试题答案及解析】
1.C
王道：看前后邻句。找不到再扩大范围找。
此题，前句没看头，看后句：It''ssimilartothemusicyoulistento…捉住主语it及它对应的music，从7个句子中选出唯一用music开头的C句。
2.B
同样用指代的原则。前句whenpeoplearemoretired.根据指代原则，确定答案在B和F里面：B.Themusicgivesthemextraenergy.F.Theygetasmuchas$4millionayeariftheirsongsareused.F明显不符合文章发展，提钱，俗！选B
3.F
利用因果关系
前句Why？其他人高兴什么？钱啊！从剩下的A,D,E,F里找原因，只能找出"钱"来。
4.D
这是唯一单纯看一句话找不出答案的题，也是5题中最难的题。
利用并列关系。前一句描述tiredofficeworkers，后一句描述supermarketshoppers，后句出现Supermarketshoppersbuy38percentmoregroceries.由此推断D为正确答案。Factoryworkersproduce13percentmore.主语和百分数都是一一对应关系。
5.A
利用并列原则，后面有Butotherpeopleenjoyhearing…，故选择A.
【演练数据库】遴选名题优化训练
（A）
MaythefirstisanimportantdateinthecollegeadmissionprocessintheUnitedStates.Thisisthelastdayforhighschoolseniorstoacceptorrejectoffersofadmissioninthefall.Butaccordingtoarecentreport,thereisagreatchange.Acceptanceratesatthetopcollegesthisyearwerelowerthanever.?????1??
??Thesedays,collegeapplicantsareapplyingtomorecollegesbecauseonlineandcommonapplicationsmaketheprocesseasier.???2???Ontheotherhand,decidingstudentsfortopcollegestoacceptcanbedifficultbecauseittakesmuchtime.Studentsmaynotlikebeingputonwaitinglists.Also,commoncollegesworkmoretogetthestudentstheyaccepttoacceptthem.Somecollegesholdvisitingdaysthatofferachancetoattendclassesandstayovernight.Someuniversitiessendgifts.????3????
Formanyfamilies,themostimportantthingcollegescandoisshowthemthemoney,especiallythisyear;theweakeconomymakesparentsnervous.????4??Therecentproblemsthatspreadfromthehousingmarkettocreditmarketshaveevenaffectedstudent’sloans.Solately,topschoolshavetosparelotsofmoneytoincreasetheirfinancialaidforstudents.
???5????TheEducationDepartmentexpectsthenumberofhighschoolgraduatestostarttogodown.Thiswillhappenasthelastofthechildrenofthebabyboomgenerationfinishhighschool.Thenumberisnotexpectedtostartrisingagainuntil2015.
A.Besides,topcollegesarefacingchangesinthepopulation.
B.Whatcontributestoit?
C.Butamistakecanbecostlyifithappens.
D.Buttopcollegesignorethem.
E.TheyhaveinternationalstudentswhoknowEnglish.
F.Itcanmeanseveralacceptancestochoosefrom.
G.Theycannotaffordcollegeasplanned.
（B）
Amanwasdrivingat70milesina40-mile-zone,whenapolicecarcamebehindhimwiththelighton.1
Asthepolicemancametohim,hesaid,"Hi,officer,Iguessyoucaughtmealittlebitoverthelimit.Iwasinarushtogethome,tobewithmywifeandkids,youknowmyyoungersonwasn''tfeelingtoowellwhenIlefthomethismorning."
Thepolicemansaid,"Well,Iguessso,''''andstartedwritingsomethinginhisnotebook.____2.Afewmomentslater,thepolicemancametohiswindowandhandedhimapaper,andreturnedtohiscarwithoutsayingasingleword.Themanstartedtowonder,howmuchthisticketwasgoingtobeashebegantolookatthepaper.3
"Ihadadaughterwhowaskilledbyaspeedingcarattheageofsix,byaspeedingdriverlikeyou.Hegotafine,afewmonthsinprison,andwasfree,freetohugtwootherdaughters.4__Ihavetriedtoforgivethatmanathousandtimes,andIthoughtIhad.MaybeIreallydidforgivehim,butIhavetodoitagain,evenrightnow.5"
Themanwasverysurprisedandcouldnotmoveforthenextfewminutes.Whenfinallyhedid,hedroveslowly,evenafewmilesunderthespeedlimit,prayingforforgiveness.
A．Soprayforyou,andbecarefulwhenyoudriveagain,yourdaughterisallyouhaveleft.
B．Ionlyhadone,andnowIhavetowaitIgotoheavenbeforeIcanhugheragain.
C．Rightawaythemanstartedthinkingofexcusetogive.
D．Hewassurpriseditwasnotaticketashebegantolookat.
E．Soprayforme,andbecarefulwhenyoudriveagain,mysonisallIhaveleft.
F．Asminuteswentby,hehadn''taskedforhisdriver''slicense.
G．Hewassurpriseditwasnotaticketashebegantoread
（C）
Bodylanguageisthequiet,secretandmostpowerfullanguageofall.Itissaidthatourbodymovementscommunicateabout50%ofwhatwereallymeanwhilewordsthemselvesonlyexpress7%.So,whileyourmouthisclosed,justwhatisyourbodysaying…
Arms._1__Ifyoukeepyourarmstothesidesofyourbodyorbehindyourback,thissuggestsyouarenotafraidoftakingonwhatevercomesyourway.__2__fsomeoneupsetsyou,justcrossyourarmstoshowyou’reunhappy.
Head.Whenyouwanttoappearconfident,keepyourheadlevel.Ifyouaremonitorinclass,youcantakeonthispositionwhenyouwantyourwordstobetakenseriously.__3__
Legs.Yourlegstendtomovearoundalotmorethannormalwhenyouarenervousortellinglies.Ifyouareatinterviews,trytokeepthemstill.
Posture.Agoodposturemakesyoufeelbetteraboutyourself.__4__Thismakesbreathingmoredifficult,whichinturncanmakeyoufeelnervousoruncomfortable.
Mouth.Whenyouarethinking,youoftenpurse(皱拢)yourlips.Youmightalsousethispositiontoholdbackallangrycommentyoudon’twishtoshow.__5__
A. tsitstraight,withyourshouldersinwards.
B. Ifyouarepleased,youusuallyopenyoureyeswideandpeoplecannoticethis.
C. Outgoingpeoplegenerallyusetheirarmswithbigmovements,whilequieterpeoplekeepthemclosetotheirbodies.
D. Howyouholdyourarmsshowshowopenandreceptiveyouaretopeopleyoumeet.
E. However,itwillprobablystillbenoticed,andpeoplewillknowyou’renotpleased.
F. However,tobefriendlyinlisteningorspeaking,youmustmoveyourheadalittletooneside.
G. Don’tsaytoomuchwhenyou’rehappy.
（D）
Doyouconstantlyusethecomputer,whetherforlearningorentertainment?Computersgiveoffradiationthatisbadforyourhealth,butherearesomewaystoprotectyourselffromcomputerradiation.
_1_GreenteacanbeabsorbedbythebodyeasilyintoaformofvitaminA,whichhelpsreduceradiation._2_
Itisadvisabletoattacharadiationfilterplate（辐射过滤板）infrontofyourcomputer’sscreenMakesuretoavoidputtinganymetalsubstancesnearyourcomputerasthesemayhavereflectedsomeoftheelectromagneticwavesthatareharmfultoyourhealth._3_Thebrighterthescreenthehighertheradiationtherewillbeandviceversa.
Youcanalsoputsomeradiation-absorbingplantssuchasseveralcactinearyourcomputertopreventradiation.
Makesureyoudoaskincareprotectionbeforesittinginfrontofthecomputer._4_Washyourfacesoonafterusingthecomputerinordertoreduce70%oftheradiation.
_5_Oldcomputeringeneral,hasonetotwotimesmoreradiationsreleasedthanthenewonewithinthesamedistance.
A.Andadjustthebrightnessofyourcomputerscreen.
B.Applyalayeroffacialmasktoprotectyourself.
C.Andadjustthesoundlevelonyourcomputer.
D.Themostefficientwayisbydrinkingsomecoffeeregularly.
E.Thesimplestwayisbydrinking2&3cupsofgreenteaeveryday.
F.Ifpossible,purchaseanewcomputerinsteadofusinganoldmodelcomputer.
G.Italsohelpskeepoureyesseethingsclearlyinthedarkbyimprovingthevisualability.
（E）
1
WiththeinventionoftheInternetseveraldecadesago,doyoufeelthatsincethenithasmadeushumanbeingsfeelmoreconnectedtotheworldandoneanother,orhasitisolated（使孤立）usandmadeusfeelmorealonethaneverbefore?
Whataboutyouasanindividual?
●2TheInternetenablesustoknowwhat’shappeningintheworld.Wecouldn''timaginetalkingtopeopleeverywhereintheworldtwentyyearsago.
●3Itunitesusbecausewetalktoothersfromallaroundourcountryandthaworld,buttheInternetcanbeaddicting,andkeepusawayfrompeopleforawhile,Thereisaninherent(内在的)humanneedfordirecthumancontact(e.g.touching,talkingfacetoface,etc.)thattheInternethasalltakenaway.
●4Ithasgivenmefreedombeyondmyimagination.I’mhome-boundwithmanydutiestoattendto.Mylifeisabittoocrowded.Dutiesdutiesduties.IgetlostmanytimesnotknowingwhoIreallyam！Thismediumismybestfriend.ItjustletsmeBE！Icanspeakherewithoutfearorfavour.
●5Chattingonlineiscompletelydifferentfromhangingoutwithfriendsoutsideorhearingtheirvoiceoverthephone．Ifindthatit’snotjusttheInternetthathasincreasedthissenseofisolation，eveniPods，MP3s，suchdeviceskindofseparateus，makeuslosefocusontheeverydayhappeningsoflife．
A.IthinkthattheInternetisolatesaswellasunitesus.
B.Ibelieveitunitesusmorethanitisolatesus.
C.DoyoufeelthattheInternetunitesusorisolatesus?
D.Whatishappeningintheworldtoday?
E.TheInternetisplayingamoreandmoreimportantrole.
F.Ithinkithasisolatedusmore.
G.Iamtrulygratefulforthisnewtechnology.
（F）
1Scientistsandexpertshaveprovedtheuniquenessoffinger-printsanddiscoveredthatnoexactlysimilarpatternispassedonfromparentstochildren,thoughnobodyknowswhythisisthecase.
Theridge（隆起ern.2Somecriminalsmakeuseofthisfacttoremovetheirownfinger-printsbutthisisadangerousandraresteptotake.
Finger-printscanbemadeveryeasilywithprinter''sink.Theycanbyrecordedeasily.3Becauseofthesimplicityandeconomyofthissystem,finger-printshaveoftenbeenusedasamethodofsolvingcriminalcase.Asuspectedmanmaydenyachargebutthismaybeinvain.4
Whenasuspectleavesfinger-printsbehindatthesceneofacrime,theyaredifficulttodetectwiththenakedeye.
5Someofthemarksfoundareincompletebutidentificationispossibleifaprintofaquarterofaninchsquarecanbeobtained.
A.Specialtechniquesareusedto"develop"them.
B.Afingerprintisanimpressionofthefrictionridgesofallpartofthefinger.
C.Itisonlywhentheinnerskinisinjuredthatthearrangementwillbedestroyed.
D.Withspecialmethods,identificationcanbeachievedsuccessfullywithinashorttime.
E.Alatentprintisthechancereproductionofthefrictionridgesdepositedonthesurfaceofanitem.
F.Hisfinger-printscanprovewhoheisevenifhisappearancehasbeenchangedbyageoraccident.
G.Everyhumanbeinghasauniquearrangementoftheskinonhisfingersandthisarrangementisunchangeable.
（G）
EveryoneknowsthattheFrenchmenareromantic,theItaliansarefashionableandtheGermansareserious.Arethesejuststereotypesoristherereallysuchathingasnationalcharacter?Andifthereis,canitaffecthowanationsucceedorfail?
Atleastonegroupofpeopleiscertainthatitcan.Arecentsurveyofthetop500entrepreneurs(企业家)intheUKfoundthat70%feltthattheireffortswerenotappreciatedbytheBritishpublic.Britainishostile(敌意的)tosuccess,theysaid.Ithasacultureofjealousy(嫉妒).1Jealousyissometimesknownasthe“green–eyedmonster”andtheUKisitshome.
ScientistsatWarwichUniversityintheUKrecentlytestedthisidea.Theygatheredagroupofpeopletogetherandgaveeachanimaginaryamountofmoney.2Thosegivenalittleweregiventhechancetodestroythelargeamountofmoneygiventoothers–butatthecostoflosingtheirown.Twothirdsofthepeopletestedagreedtodothis.
3.Butthereisalsooppositeevidence.TheOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopmentrecentlyreportedthattheUKisnowtheworld’sfourthlargesteconomy.Thatisnotbadforpeoplewhoaresupposedtohatesuccess.PeopleintheUKalsoworklongerhoursthananyoneelseinEurope.SotheBritishpeoplearenotlazy,either.
“ItisnotreallysuccessthattheBritishdislike,”saysCareyCooper,aprofessorofmanagementattheUniversityofManchesterInstituteofScienceandTechnology.“It’speopleusingtheirsuccessinawaythatseemsproudorunfairorwhichseparatesthemfromtheirroots.”
4Theysetouttodothingsintheirway.Theyworklonghours.Bytheirowneffortstheybecomemillionaires.5.Ithardlyseemsworthfollowingtheirexample.Iftheyweremorefriendly,peoplewouldlikethemmore.Andmorepeoplewanttobelikethem.
A.Thisseemstoprovethattheentrepreneurswererighttocomplain.
B.Theonewhoownsmostmoneyintheendisthewinner.
C.Asaresult,thesurveysaid,entrepreneurswere“unloved,unwantedandmisunderstood.”
D.ItisnottruethatBritishpeoplearebornjealousofothers`success.
E.Someweregivenalittle,othersagreatdeal.
F.Butinsteadofbeinghappytheycomplainthatnobodylovesthem.
G..Perhapsitistheentrepreneurswhoaretheproblem.
（H）
ThesevenCsofagoodletter
Whatisthesecretofwritingagoodletter?Herearetwomainones.Don’ttrytobefancy.Don’ttrytoimpressyourreader.YouwillbesuccessfulifyoufollowthesesevenCs.
Clear.Useshort,directsentences.1Talkasifthereaderwererighttherewithyou.Aboveall,don’tuseanintroduction.
Correct,2Don’tguess,evenforspelling.Refertoyourdictionary.Ifyouneedto,checkareferencebooktoo.Usethemasmuchasyouneedto.
Complete.Don’tscatterourpoints.3Thisisgoodorgainzationtoo.
Courteous.Befriendlyratherthanoverlycasual.Presentyourinformationnicelyevenifyouarecomplainingaboutsomething.Inallletters,treatothersasyouwantthemtotreatyou.
Concise.Makeeachpointasclearlyandbrieflyasyoucan.
Conversational.Thisisreallythesecretofgoodwriting,4.Suchaletterhasanatural,friendlytone.Letyourpersonalitycomethroughnaturally.
Considerate.5Writeaboutwhatyoubelievethereaderneedsorwantstoknow。Trytobehelpful.Thiswillbuildgoodfeelingtowardyou.
ThesevenCsareaboutwritingletters.Buthowaboutschoolpapers?UsethesevenCs.Writeasifyouaretalkingtoyourteacherorprofessor.You’llbesurprised.You’llalmostinstantlybecomeagoodwriter.Andyoumightevenenjoywritingfromnowon.
Just“talk”totheperson
Thinkofthereaders’pointofviewasyouwrite.
Makethemeasytounderstand
Includelongsentencesinyourletter
Makesurewhatyousayiscorrect
Writingshouldnotbetakentooseriously
Finishonepointcompletelybeforegoingontothenext.
【数据库】（A）1—5BFDGA
（B）1—5CFDBE
（C）1—5DCFAE
（D）1—5EGABF
（E）1—5CBAGF
（F）1—5GCDFA
（G）1—5CEAGF
(H)1—5CEGABhttp://www.wsbedu.com/
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