决战2011高考英语专题讲义
补语
一、目标通过本章学习,使学生了解主动语态句子中宾语补足语的概念、使用方法及被动语态中主语补足语的使用。二、重点和难点不定式、分词、形容词、名词及withsb./sth.+补语结构三、方法1．Wemeanthatpartofthesentencewhichstandsinthesamerelationtotheobjectasthepredicatestandstothesubject.2．A．Atthemeetingweelectedhimmonitor.把him与monitor扩展成一个句子则成为：Heisamonitor.B．WhatyousaidmadeXiaoWangangry.把XiaoWang与angry扩展成一个句子则成为：XiaoWangisangry.3．名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作宾补。4．Nounsusedasobjectivecomplements.Pleasedothefollowingtranslations:A．他们让他当会议主席。B．我认为你弟弟是个聪明的孩子。C．年轻的父亲给他的宝宝起名叫“强强”。D．我认为这是撒谎。E．你们选玲玲当经理了吗？5．Howmanyverbscanbefollowedthenounsusedasbyobjectivecomplements?Andwhatarethey?6．形容词是否可以作宾补？请翻译下列句子：A．我发现教室空无一人。B．他们把丝绸染成红色。C．别把布料裁得太短。D．一切都准备好了吗？E．这消息几乎令他发疯。7．Generallyspeaking,thefollowingcanbefollowedbyadjectivesusedastheobjectivecomplements:find,make,keep,cut,paint,push,drive,leave…8．副词A．Pleasecallthestudentsbackatonce.B．Hewasseentotakehiscapoff.C．ItwasJohnwhotookthebabyupstairs.D．Ijoinedthetwopiecesofwoodtogether.E．Pleasekeepyourselvesoffthegrass.F．Wewishedthetalkatanend.9．副词作宾语补足语比较难于掌握,对高中学生来说,多用于理解,而不强求会用。10．不定式在高中阶段我们只学过如下九个及物动词后边的不定式作宾补省略to：let,make,have,feel,see,watch,hear,observe,notice,从日常应用的角度看,记住上边的九个动词基本就够用了。11．Without“to”:A．Ican''thaveyousayso.B．Youshouldtryyourbesttomakehimunderstandthat.C．Inoticedthethiefstealintotheroom.D．Weobservedthestudentsdothephysicsexperiment.E．Ifeltmyhandstremble.能够跟不定式作宾补的词很多,我们应当在使用中注意积累。12．现在分词作宾补have,see,watch,feel,hear,notice,observe,keep,find,注意make后边不能跟现在分词作补语。13．过去分词作宾补在have,make,see,watch,feel,hear,notice,observe,keep,find,get后如：getone''shaircuthaveone''shaircutmakeoneselfunderstoodkeepone''smouthshutfindtheworkdone14．上述凡能跟宾语补足语的动词,当它们出现在被动语态的句子中时,原来被称为宾语补足语的部分则被称为主语补足语。需要指出的一点是,原来不定式作宾补省略to的动词变成被动语态时,to不能省。A．WecallhimLaoWang.主谓宾补HeiscalledLaowang.主谓主补B．Wemadehimcopythesentence.主谓宾补Heismadetocopythesentence.主谓主补C．Weaskedhimtosingusasong.主谓宾补Heisaskedtosingusasong.主谓补需要说明的地方是havesb.dosth.一般不用于被动语态。letsb.dosth.一般情况下也不用被动语态。Students1．Whatdoyoumeanbytheobjectivecomplement?2．在一个句子中谓语动词是及物动词时,后边必须跟宾语,如果宾语后边仍有一个能与它构成逻辑上主谓关系的部分,我们则称其为宾语补足语。C．Wehearhimsinginginthehall.把him与singing扩展成一个句子则成为：Heissinging.3．什么可以在句子中作宾补？4．A．Theymadehimchairmanofthemeeting.B．Ithink（consider）yourbrotheracleverboy.C．Theyoungfathernamedhisbaby“Qiang-qiang.”D．Wecallthislying.E．HaveyouelectedLing-lingmanager?5．Theyare:elect,make,name,call,think,consider…6．形容词也可以作宾补：A．Ifoundtheclassroomempty.B．Theydyedthesilkred.C．Don''tcuttheclothtooshort.D．Haveyougoteverythingready?E．Thenewsalmostdrovehimmad.7．间或我们还能见到这样的句子：Don''tswallowitwhole.Iboughtitcheap.也即是说swallow与buy后边也可跟形容词作宾补,只是不常用罢了。8．Weuseadverbsaswellasprepositionalphrasestobetheobjectivecomplementslessfrequentlythanweuseadjectives.A．请叫这些学生们立即回来。B．只见他脱下了帽子。C．是John把孩子带上楼的。D．我把两块木头接到了一起。E．请你们不要践踏草地。F．我们希望谈话快点结束。9．Wethinkitabitdifficultforusstudentstouseadverbstobetheobjectivecomplements.10．不定式作宾补分带to与不带to两种。因为在做练习时我们常见到这样的句子：Wesawhimenterthehall.Iforcedhimtotellmethetruth.另外help后边的不定式不论是作宾语还是作宾语补足语,to省与不省没有关系。11．With“to”:A．Ibelievehimtobehonest.B．Heallowedmetousehiscar.C．Allparentsforbidtheirchildrentoplaywithfire.D．Canyougetsomestudentstohelpmewiththework?E．WhatcausedtheSecondWorldWartobreakout?12．A．It''stoocoldinside,pleasekeepthefireburning.B．WhenIpushedthedooropen,Ifoundhimlyinginbed,sleeping.13．A．Hesawhisfacereflectedinthewater.B．Ihearditspokenofinthenextroom.C．I''llgetitdoneinonedayortwo.D．Howmuchwillitcosttohaveitrepaired?E．Weobservedthedoorunlocked.14．A．Heisseentostandupandgoout.只见他站起来并走了出去。B．Hewasobservedtoopenthewindow.有人见到他把窗子打开。C．Thestudentswerewatchedtoplaybasketball.人们观看学生们打篮球。D．Aircanbefelttobeexistifyoublowtoyourhand.如果你对着手吹气,就能感觉到空气的存在。E．TheywereencouragedtopractisespeakingEnglish.人们鼓励他们练习讲英语。四、精选题1．Robertissaid____abroad,butIdon''tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.[]A．tohavestudiedB．tostudyC．tobestudyingD．tohavebeenstudying2．Isawtheman____downandthedriver____away.[]A．knocking；drivenB．knock；drivingC．knocked；drivingD．knocked；drive3．----IsthereanythingIcandoforyou?[]----I''dliketohavethesematerials____byteno''clock.A．printedB．printC．printingD．toprint4．whodidtheteacher____anarticleforthewallnewspaper?[]A．haswriteB．haswrittenC．havewriteD．havewritten答案：1～4ADAC
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