决战2011高考英语专题讲义
倒装
主语和谓语有两种顺序：一是主语在前，叫自然语序。反之，如果谓语在主语前就是倒装语序，又分全部倒装语和部分倒装。全部倒装是把全部谓语放在主语之前，部分倒装是把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前。1．?全部倒装：1）。Therebe句型：可以用在这类句型中的动词除外还可用live,happen,exist,remain,stand等等作这类句型的谓语：Therearemanystudentsintheclassroom.Long,longagotherelivedakingwholovedhorsesverymuch.Therehappenedtobenobodyinthebedroomwhenthefirebrokeout.ThereliesalargeGreenlandinfrontofthehouse.2）。Here/there/now＋vi（常为come,go）＋主语（必须是名词）此句型中here/there→usedfordrawingattentiontosomething/somebody（用来唤起注意）喂，注意了HerecomesMary.→IcanseeMarycoming.Theregoesthebell.铃响了。→Icanhearthebellringing.Herecomesthebus.汽车来了。Therehecomes.他来了。这时句中不能用正在进行时here句中也可用系动词HereisJohn.→YousaythatwhenyouseeJohnarrive。HerearesomestorybooksIwant.→Hereiswhatyouaskedfor,oryouarelookingfor.这就是我要的故事书。（我找了好久）Hereweare.Thisisthestation.咱们到了，这就是火车站。“Givemesomepaper.”“Hereyouare.”“给我点纸。”“给你。”3).then引起谓语为come,follow的句子Thencameanewdifficulty.然后产生了一个新的困难。ThenfollowedeightyearsoftheAnti-JapaneseWar.接着是八年抗战。4).out,in,up,down,away之类的副词作状语放在句首，主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词，谓语为不及物动词come，go,run,rush,etc。句式为：副词＋vi＋主语（必须是名词）Awaywenttheboy.Awaytheywent.Outrushedthetigerfromamongthebushes.Incametherosefragrancethroughthewindows.5).介词短语作状语放在句首，谓语为不及物动词，主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词。句式为：介词短语＋vi＋主语（必须是名词）Inthemiddleofourschoolstandsahighbuilding.Fromthedistancecameoccasionalbarks.6).表语放在句首，表语常为形容词，分词，副词，介词短语。要求主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词。句式为：表语＋系动词＋主语（必须是名词）Everyimportantinthefarms’lifeistheradioweatherreport.PresentatthemeetingwereProfessorWhite,ProfessorSmithandmanyotherguests.Gonearethedayswhentheteacherswerelookeddownupon.Seriouslydamagedintheearthquakewasthewhitebuildinginthecity.Playingtheguitarontheplaygroundarethestudentsfromclassfiveandclassthree.Onthebothsidesofthestreetarebeautifulflowers.Southofcityaretwobiglakes.7)直接引语中间或后面表示某人说这意思的插入语（特别是谓语较短时）:“Theymustbeinthefieldsnow,”thoughtXiaoLin.“他们准是下地了。”小林想道。“Help!Help!”criedthelittlegirl.小姑娘叫道：“救命！救命！”如果主语不比谓语长，或是它后面有宾语，主语就仍然多放在前面：“Takeyourseats,gentlemen,”Wilsonshouted。威尔逊嚷道：“先生们坐好。”“Thatmanisafamousstar,”XiaoYangtoldmeinawhisper.小杨低声告诉我说：“那个人是著名的电影明星。”2．部分倒装1）。only＋副词/介词短语/状语从句OnlythendidIrealizetheimportanceofEnglish.OnlyinthiswaycanyoumakeprogressinyourEnglish.Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1918washeabletogethappilybacktowork.注意①在only＋状语从句＋主句结构中，主句用倒装结构但从句用正常语序。②only修饰主语，不倒装。OnlyTomknowstheanswer.2）。否定词（短语）开头的句子要用部分倒，：表示否定意义的副词never,nor，neither,表示半否定意义的副词hardly，few,seldom,little,含有no和not的词组bynomeans（决不）,innotime（很快）,atnotime（在任何时候都不），（在任何情况下都不）notuntil,notonly…butalso,nosoonerthan＝hardlywhenscarcelywhen即“否定词＋助动词/情态动词＋主语＋其他”。NeverhaveIbeeninthiscity.Little/SeldomdoIwatchTV.NotuntilIbegantoworkdidIrealizehowmuchtimeIhadwasted.注意①关联词的搭配?②前一分句倒装，后一分句不倒装。3）以so开头,用“so＋助动词/情态动词/系动词＋主语”表示前面叙述的情况也适合于另一个人或物，译作“也，同样，也如此”。表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合于另一个人或物，用“neither/nor＋助动词/情态动词/系动词＋主语”。译作“也不是，也没有”。Theboylefthome,andsodidhissisteraweeklater.Societyhaschangedandsohavethepeopleinit.社会变了人也变了。－Idon’tthinkIcanwalkanyfurther.－NeithercanI.Let’sstopforarest.注意①当so表示对前句内容的肯定、附和，或进一步强调前面所说的情况，或者赞同前面的说法时译作“的确，正是”应用自然语序：－Tomworkshard.－Sohedoesandsodoyou.②倒装部分的助动词，情态动词，连系动词的时态和形式要与前句相一致，主谓一致的变化要与后面主语相呼应。Ifyoudon’tgo,neither/norshallI.（Ifyoudon’tgo,Ishallnotgo.）注意：表示前面的多种情况也适合于另一人或物，或者既有肯定又有否定情况或涉及到不同类型的动词时可用：Itisthesamewithsomething/somebody或Soitiswithsomething/somebody.IlikeEnglishverymuch,butIdon’tlikephysics.Itisthesamewithmybrother.ShedoeswellinEnglish,butispoorinmaths.SoitiswithLucy.MarxwasborninGermanyandGermanwashisnativelanguage.ItwasthesamewithEngles4）.引导让步状语从句表语/状语/动词原形＋as＋主语＋其他.Cleverasheis,hedoesn’tstudywell.Childasheis,heknowsalot.MuchasIlikeit,Iwon’tbuyit.Tryasshemight,shefailed.Tryashewould,hemightfailagain.Hardashetried,hedidn’tsucceed.注意：表语前的名词无形容词修饰时冠词要省略5）so＋adj/adv放在句首:Soafraidwasheinthedarknessthathedidn’tdaretomoveanitch.Soloudlydidhespeakthateverycouldhearhim.6).如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有were,should,were可以把if省略而将这三个词放于条件句主语前构成倒转装Ifithadn’tbeenfortheirhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkontime.＝Hadn’titbeenfortheirhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkontime.Ifthereshouldbeaflood,whatwouldwedo?＝Shouldtherebeaflood,whatwouldwedo?7).频度副词及短语often,always,nowandthen,manyatime,everyotherday等放在句首时有时也倒装：Manyatimehashecometocomfortme.Oftendidhewarnthemnottodoso.8).某些表示祝愿句子也用倒状语序：Mayyousucceed.祝你成功！LonglivetheCommunistPartyofChina!共产党万岁！
倒装2
英语句子的正常语序(NormalOrder)是主语放在谓语动词前。如果句子的谓语动词位于主语之前，这种语序被称作倒装语序(InvertedOrder)。倒装语序有全部倒装和部分倒装两种。一般说来，英语中有两种情况需要使用倒装句：一种是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装，另一种是由于修辞需要而进行的倒装。
1)语法倒装
①疑问句中的倒装。例：
Isitnecessarytokeepthebrushesinwater?
Howcanwefindoutwhoareusingthesecomputers?
②在therebe(或there十其他表示状态的动词)结构中的倒装．例：
Therearealotofpeopleintheroom．
Therestandsaweatherstationatthetopofthehill．
③在以here，there，now，then等引起的句子中，动词是be，come，go等
时，常用倒装形式以引起注意。例：
Theregoesthebell！
Nowcomesyourturn．
如果主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。例：
Hereweare．
④在so，nor，neither开头的句子中，须用倒装语序。例：
Allanimalsneedairandsodoplants．
Ifyouwon’tgo，neithershallI.
2)修辞倒装
①具有否定意义的副词或词组用于句首，担任状语时，要用倒装。常见的词有：never，seldom，1ittle，hardly，notuntil等。另外，含有否定意义的关联词neither…(nor)，nosooner…(than)，hardly…when，notonly…(butalso)等位于句首时也须用倒装。例：
NeverhaveIdreamedofit．
NotUntilmidnightdiditstopraining．
Hardlyhadhearrivedwhenhestartedcomplaining．
Nowhereelseintheworldcantherebesuchaquite,beautifulplace．
②as引导的让步状语从句中，要用倒装语序。例：
Oldashewas,hestudiedEnglishhard.
Braveastheywere,thedangermadethemafraid．
注：though引导的让步状语从句中，也可用倒装语序。
③为了生动地描写动作，在in，out，away，up，down，off等副词开头的句子中常用倒装语序。例：
Upwenttherocketintotheair.
Followingaroar,outrushedatigerfromamongthebushes.
在此结构中，当主语是代词时，用正常语序。例：
Awaytheywent./Downitflew.
④当“only+状语”用于句首表示强调时，要用倒装语序，如果不在句首，则用正常语序。例：
Onlyinthiswaycanyouhopetoimprovethesituationthere.
OnlywhenwehadatalkwithhimdidwecometoknowthathewasaJapanese.
○当“so(such)...that"结构中的so,such放在句首加强语气时，要用倒装。
例：
Soexcitedwashe(=Hewassoexcited)thathecouldn''tspeak.
Suchwastheforceoftheexplosion(爆炸)thatallthewindowswere
broken.
以下为近几年涉及到“倒装”的高考题。
1.___canyouexpecttogetapayrise.
A.WithhardworkB.Althoughworkhard
C.OnlywithhardworkD.Nowthatheworkshard
（NMET2000春招）
2.Notasinglesong____atyesterday''sparty.
A.shesangB.sangsheC.didshesingD.shedidsing
(2000上海)
3.IfinallygotthejobIdreamedabout.Neverinallmylife____sohappy.
A.didIfeelB.IfeltC.IhadfeltD.hadIfelt
(NMET2000春招)
4.—Davidhasmadegreatprogressrecently.
—____,and____.
A.Sohehas...soyouhaveB.Sohehas...sohaveyou
C.Sohashe...sohaveyouD.Sohashe...soyouhave
(1997上海)
5.Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver,____howseriousthepollutionwas.
A.didthevillagersrealizeB.thevillagersrealized
C.thevillagersdidrealizeD.didn''tthevillagersrealize
(NMET1995)
（Key:1----5CCDBA）
自我检测：
1.Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver＿howseriousthepollutionwas.AdidthevillagesrealizeBthevillagesrealizedCthevillagesdidrealizeDdidn’tthevillagesrealize2.So＿thatnofishcanliveinit.AthelakeisshallowBshallowthelakeisCshallowisthelakeDisthelakeshallow3.Little＿abouthissafety,thoughhewasingreatdangerhimself.Adoeshecare?BdidhecareChecaresDhecared4.＿forthefreetickets,Iwouldn’thavegonetothefilmssooften.AIfitisnotBWereitnotCHaditnotbeenDIftheywerenot5Davidhasmadegreatprogressrecently.＿,and＿.ASohehas,soyouhaveBsohehas,soyouhaveCSohashe,sohaveyou?sohashe,soyouhave6.Look,＿AHerethebuscomesBhereisthebuscomingCHerecomesthebusDherethebusiscoming7.WhereisKate?Look,＿Sheisattheschoolgate.ATheresheis?BthereissheCHereyouareDhereitis8.Whichofthefollowingsentencesisright?AIntheteachercome.BIndidcometheteacher.CIndidtheteachercome.DIncametheteacher.9.＿hedoesn’tgetannoyedwithhersometimes.AAlthoughmuchhelikesherBMuchalthoughhelikesherCAshelikeshermuchDMuchashelikesher10Never＿suchagoodfilmbefore.AdidIseeBhaveIseeCIsawDIhaveseen1.A2.C3.B4.C5.B6.C7.A8.D9.D10.B
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