决战2011高考英语专题讲义
名词性从句
主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句，它们在复合句中的功用相当于名词，因此称为名词性从句，在句中分别作主语、表语、宾语和同位语。
1．Whenhewillcomeisstillunknown.
2．Idon’tknowwhohaswateredthefields.
3．Theproblemisthatweneedmoremoney.
4．Haveyouheardthenewsthatourteamwonthegame?
主语从句：在复合句中作句子主语的从句。
引导词：连词that、whether;疑问代词who,what,which;
疑问副词when,where,how,why
连词that（无词意）,whether(是否),在从句中不担任句子成分，只起连接作用;whether能引导主语从句，而if不能。
Thatyoudon’tlikehimhasnothingtodowithme.
WhetherJohnwilldothisexperimentremainsaquestion.
（2）疑问代词who,what,which,在从句中既作连接词又充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
Whowillbesentabroadtofurtherhisstudiesisnotannounced.
Whatsurprisedmemostwasthatsuchalittlegirlcouldplaytheviolinsowell.
Whichschoolwillwintheprizeisnotknown.
Whosedictionaryhasnotbeenfoundisstillunknown.
Whicheveryoutakewillbeyours.
Whoeverwantsthisbookmaytakeit.
Whateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.
(3)疑问副词when,where,how,why在从句中充当时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、原因状语
Whentheywillstarthasn’tbeendecidedyet.
Wheretheheroinewentisnotmentionedattheendofthestory.
Howhemanagedtofinishthecompositioninsuchashorttimeisstillamystery.
Whyheoftencomeshereisknowntousall.
(4)用it作形式主语的主语从句常用的句型有：
It’ssaidthat…
Itiscertainthat…
Itseems/happensthat…
It’spossible/important/necessary/clearthat…,该句型从句的谓语动词使用虚拟语气形式：should+动词原形。
ItisnecessarythatweshouldlearnsomeEnglishgrammar.
2.表语从句：在复合句中作句子表语的从句
引导词有that,whether,what,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,why,how,because等
引导表语从句的that不省略，that仅起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，无任何意义
Theimpressionhemakesonmeisthatheisareliableperson.
thereason后面的表语从句只能用that引导，我们学生易犯“thereasonisbecause…”的错误
Thereasonwhythelittleactresshasbeensuchasuccessisthatsheisbothcleverandhard-working.
在表示命令order等，建议suggestion,advice等的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气：
should+动词原形，should可省略
Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)holdanothermeetingtodiscusstheproblem.
whether可引导表语从句，表“是否”，它在从句中不充当成分，if不能引导表语从句。
Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.
连接代词what,which,who,whom,whose除起连接作用外，还在从句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语。
That’swhatheisworriedabout.（在从句作中宾语）
Theproblemiswhocandothework.（在从句中作主语）
（6）连接副词when,where,why,how起连接作用外，还在从句中作状语。
That’swhyIwaslate.
Thatiswherehewasborn.
Thatishowhedidit.
连词because引导表语从句，只用在
That/This/Itisbecause…结构中
Thatisbecausesheoftenworkshard.
3．宾语从句：从句在句中充当宾语的成分。宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语，也可作动词不定式等非谓语动词形式的宾语，还可作某些形容词的宾语从句。
Jennythought(that)herteacherwasunfair.
I’dliketoknowwhichoneisyourhusband.
Iamsure(that)hewon’tmind.
Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus.
4.同位语从句：一般跟在某些名词后面，用以解释或说明前面的名词的内容。经常带同位语从句的名词有fact,news,message,doubt,possibility,idea,reason,belief,hope,thought,promise,suggestion,question等。
引导词有连词that,whether；连接代词who,which,what和连接副词where,when,why,how等
that,whether只起连接作用，不在从句中作任何成分。
TheideathatEnglandstandsforfish&chips…ispast.
Thereisnodoubtthatthepriceofcarswillgodown.
Theproblemwhetherweshouldcontinuetodotheexperimenthasbeensolved.(不能用if)
(2)连接代词who,which,what和连接副词where,when,why,how在从句中作相应成分。
Hecan’tanswerthequestionhowhegotthemoney.
Thequestionwhoshouldgoabroadrequiresconsideration.
IhavenoideawhichoneIshouldchoose.
I’vegotaprettygoodideawhytheyleftearly.
Thequestionwhereweshouldgohasnotbeendiscussed.
IhavenoideawhenJackwillbeback.
同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
Weexpressedthehope(that)theyhadexpressed.
我们表达了他们曾经表达过的那种希望。（定语从句）
WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.
我们表示希望他们再来中国访问。（同位语从句）
从语法角度上看，引导同位语从句的that是连词，只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何句子成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中作主语或宾语等句子成分。
从语义角度上看，同位语从句与前面的名词hope是同位关系，表示hope的内容是theywouldcometovisitChinaagain。因而同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词作补充说明；而定语从句与它前面的名词是所属关系，表示“…的”（他们曾经表示过的），起修饰作用，因此定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词。
同位语从句的连词that不能省略，而定语从句的关系代词that，当其在从句中作宾语中，可省略，作主语也不可省略。
I’veheardthenewsthathevisitedourfactory.
I’veheardthenewsthathetoldyoutheotherday.
Thenewsthattheplanewouldtakeoffontimemadeeverybodyhappy.
Thenewsthatisspreadingaroundtheairportisthataheavystormiscoming.
Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.
Thesuggestionthattheyareconsideringisthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical.
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