2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
英 语（北京卷）
本试卷共16页，共150分，考试时长120分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：听力理解（共三节，30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话或独白后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话或独白你将听一遍。
例：Whatisthemangoingtoread?
A.Anewspaper
B.Amagazine
C.Abook
答案是A。
Whoansweredthephone？
Mike B.Henry C.Tom
What’sthewoman’sfavouritefood?
Italian. B.Chinese. C.Indian
WhendoesthefirstflightarriveinDetroit?
5:18am. B.6:10am C.8:50am
Whatisthewomanlookingfor?
Zoo B.Telephone C.Tenniscourt
Whatwilltheweatherbelikeattheweekend?
Cloudy. B.Snowy. C.Sunny
第二节（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分）
听下面4段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
Wherearethetwospeakers?
Inthehotel BInashop C.Inarestaurant
Howmuchdidthemanpayintheend?
$115. B.$130 C.$140
听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
Whatdidthemandolastweekend?
WatchedTV. B.Stayedathome. C.Visitedafriend
Whatwillthewomanprobablydothisweekend?
Playtennis. B.Dosomeshopping C.Gotoadance
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
Wherearethenewhouses?
Onthemainroad. B.Closetoabusstation. C.Nearthesportscenter.
Whatdoesthewomanlikemostaboutthenewhouses?
Thegarden. B.Thespace. C.Thequietness
Howdoesthemanfeelaboutthewoman’ssuggestion?
Delighted. B.Disappointed. C.Uninterested.
听第9段材料，回答第13至15题。
Whatcan’tthestudentsdowithoutateacher?
Holdparties.
CompletetheSafetySheet.
Useanyemergencyequipment.
Whyarethestudentsaskedtotiebacktheirloosehourinthelab?
Itmaycatchfire
Itmaycovertheireyes.
Itmaypasschemicalstotheirfaces.
Whatisthespeechmainlyabout?
Laboratoryregulations.
Safetyinstructions.
After-classactivities.
第三节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，共7.5分）
听下面的一段对话，完成第16至20五道小题，每小题近填写一个词，听对话前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间，这段对话你将听两遍。
TelephoneCancellationRequestForm AccountName Edward16 TelephoneNo. 17 HomePhonePlan Nonrefundable(不退款)18pre-paidplan ReasonforCancellation 19house CancellationDateRequired 209,by5:00pm
第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）
单项填空（共15小题：每小题1分，共15分）
从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例：It’ssonicetohearfromheragain______,welastmetmorethanthirtyyearsago.
A.What’smore B.That’stosay
C.Inotherwords D.Believeitornot
答案是D21. —Lookatthoseclouds!
—Don’tworry.______itrains,we’llstillhaveagreattime.
A.Evenif B.Asthough C.Incase D.Ifonly
22.Bythetimeyouhavefinishedthisbook,yourmeal______cold.
A.gets B.hasgot C.willget D.isgetting
23.Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesand______them.
A.corrects B.correct C.tocorrect D.correcting
24.Jerrydidnotregretgivingthecommentbutfelt______hecouldhaveexpresseditdifferently.
A.why B.how C.that D.whether
25.Georgesaidthathewouldcometoschooltoseemethenextday,buthe______.
A.wouldn’t B.didn’t C.hasn’t D.hadn’t
26.Whendeeplyabsorbedinwork,______heoftenwas，hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.
A.thatB.which C.where D.when
27._______withcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.
A.Use B.Using C.Used D.Touse
28.Manypeoplehavedonatedthattypeofblood;however,thebloodbankneeds_____.
A.some B.less C.much D.more
29. —Haveyouheardaboutthatfireinthemarket?
—Yes,fortunatelynoone_____.
A.hurt B.washurt C.hashurt D.hadbeenhurt
30.Ourfriendship_____quicklyovertheweeksthatfollowed.
A.haddeveloped B.wasdeveloping
C.woulddevelop D.developed
31.______atthedoorbeforeyouentermyroom,please.
A.Knock B.Knocking C.Knocked D.Toknock
33.We______thedifficultytogether,butwhydidn’tyoutellme?
A.shouldface B.mightface
C.couldhavefaced D.musthavefaced
34.Doyouthinkthisshirtistootight____theshoulders?
A.at B.on C.to D.across
35.Don’thandlethevaseasifit____madeofsteel.
A.is B.were C.hasbeen D.hadbeen
第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Inspiration
“Mama,whenIgrowup,I’mgoingtobeoneofthose!”IsaidthisafterseeingtheCapitalDancingCompanyperformwhenIwasthree.Itwasthefirsttimethatmy__36__tookonavividformandactedassomethingimportanttostartmytraining.AsIgrewolderandwas__37__tomore,myinterestsintheworldofdance__38__variedbutthatlittlegirl’sdreamofsomedaybecominga__39__inthecompanyneverleftme.Inthesummerof2005whenIwas18,Ireceivedthephonecallwhichmadethatdreama__40__;Ibecameamemberofthecompany__41__backto1925.
AsIlookbackonthatdaynow,itsurely__42__anysenseofreality.IbelieveIstayedinastateofpleasantdisbelief__43__Iwashalfwaythroughrehearsals(排练)onmyfirstday.Ineveractually__44__togetthejob.Afterbeingofferedtheposition,Iwascompletely__45__.Iremembershakingwithexcitement.
ThoughIwasabsolutelythrilledwiththechange,itdidnotcomewithoutitsfairshareof__46__.Throughthestrictrehearsalperiodofdancingsixdaysaweek,Ifounditvitalto__47__upthematerialfastwitheverylastbitofconcentration.Itisthatextreme__48__todetail(细节)andstressonpracticethatsetus__49__.Tothenfollowthosehigh-energyrehearsals__50__abusyshowscheduleofuptofiveperformancesaday,Idiscoveredanew__51__ofthewords“hardwork.”WhatIthoughtweremyphysical__52__werepushedmuchfurtherthanIthought__53__.Ilearnedtomakeeachperformancebetterthanthelast.
Today,whenIlookattheunbelievablecompanythatIhavethegreat__54__ofbeingapartof,notonlyasamember,butasadancecaptain,Iseea__55__thathasinspirednotonlygenerationsoflittlegirlsbutasplendidcompanythatcontinuestodevelopandgrow-andinspirespeopleeverydaytofollowtheirdreams.
36. A.hobby B.plan C.dream D.word
37. Aconnected B.expanded C.exposed D.extended
38. A.rarely B.certainly C.probably D.consistently
39. A.director B.trainer C.leader D.dancer
40. A.symbol B.memory C.truth D.reality
41. A.bouncing B.dating C.turning D.tracking
42. A.lacks B.adds C.makes D.brings
43. A.while B.since C.until D.when
44. A.Cared B.Expected C.Asked D.Decided
45. A.motivated B.relaxed C.convinced D.astonished
46. A.challenges B.profitsC.advantages D.adventures
47. A.put B.mix C.build D.pick
48. A.Attention B.association C.attraction D.adaptation
49. A.apart B.aside C.off D.back
50. A.over B.by C.with D.beyond
51. A.function B.meaning C.expression D.usage
52. A.boundaries B.problems C.barriers D.efforts
53. A.necessary B.perfect C.proper D.possible
54. A.talent B.honor C.potential D.responsibility
55. A.victory B.trend C.tradition D.desire
第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
TheBasicsofMath—MadeClear
BasicMathintroducesstudentstothebasicconceptsofmathematics,aswellasthefundamentalsofmoretrickyareas.These30fantasticlecturesaredesignedtoprovidestudentswithanunderstandingofarithmeticandtopreparethemforAlgebra(代数)andbeyond.
ThelessonsinBasicMathcovereverybasicaspectofarithmetic.Theyalsolookintoexponents(指数),theorderofoperations,andsquareroots.Inadditiontolearninghowtoperformvariousmathematicaloperations,studentsdiscoverwhytheseoperationswork,howaparticularmathematicaltopicrelatestootherbranchesofmathematics,andhowtheseoperationscanbeusedpractically.
BasicMathstartsfromtherelativelyeasierconceptsandgraduallymovesontothemoretroublesomeones,soastoallowforsteadyandsureunderstandingofthematerialbystudents.Thelecturesofferstudentsthechanceto“makesense”ofmathematicalknowledgethatmayhaveseemedsofrightening.Theyalsohelpstudentsprepareforcollegemathematicsandovercometheiranxietyaboutthisamazing—andcompletelyunderstandable—fieldofstudy.
Bytheconclusionofthecourse,studentswillhaveimprovedtheirunderstandingofbasicmath.Theywillbeabletoclearawaythemystery(神秘性)ofmathematicsandfacetheirstudieswithmoreconfidencethantheyeverimagined.Inaddition,theywillstrengthentheirabilitytoacceptnewandexcitingmathematicalchallenges.
ProfessorH.Siegel,honoredbyKentuckyEducationalTelevisionas“thebestmathteacherinAmerica,”isadevotedteacherandhasagiftforexplainingmathematicalconceptsinwaysthatmakethemseemclearandobvious.Fromthebasicconcreteideastothemoreabstractproblems,heismasterinmakingmathlectureslearner-friendlierandlessscary.
WithaPhDinMathematicsEducationfromGeorgiaStateUniversity,Dr.SiegelteachesmathematicsatCentralArizonaCollege.Hiscoursesincludevariousmake-upclassesandanumberoflecturesforfutureprimaryschoolteachers.
Ifthecoursefailstoprovidecompletesatisfactiontoyou,youcaneasilyexchangeitforanyothercoursethatweoffer.Oryoucangetyourmoneyback.
56.WhatdoesthecourseBasicMathmainlycover?
A.Algebra.B.CollegeMathematics.
C.Arithmetic.D.MathematicsEducation.
57.WhatbenefitscanstudentsexpectfromBasicMath?
A.Strongerimaginativeability.
B.Additionalpresentationskills.
C.Moremathematicalconfidence.
D.Greaterchancesofbecomingteachers.
58.WhatcanwelearnaboutProfessorH.Siegel?
A.HeisaguestlectureratKentuckyEducationalTelevision.
B.Heistodeliver30lecturesinBasicMath.
C.HeworksinGeorgiaStateUniversity.
D.Hespecializesintrainingteachers.
59.Whereisthepassagemostlikelytohavebeentakenfrom?
A.Anewsreport. B.Abookreview
C.Alessonplan. D.Anadvertisement
B
PeanutstoThis
Proudlyreadingmywords,Iglancedaroundtheroom,onlytofindmyclassmatesbearingbigsmilesontheirfacesandtearsintheireyes.Confused,Iglancedtowardmystone-facedteacher.Havingnochoice,IslowlyraisedthereportIhadslavedover,hopingtohidemyself.“Whatcouldbecausingeveryonetoactthisway?”
Quickly,IflashedbacktothedayMissLancelotgavemethetask.ThiswasthefirstrealtalkIreceivedinmynewschool.Itseemedsimple:goontheInternetandfindinformationaboutamannamedGeorgeWashington.Sincemyideaofhistorycamefromanancientteacherinmyhomecountry,Ihadneverheardofthatnamebefore.AsIsearchedthenameofthisfellow,itbecameevidentthatthereweretwopeoplebearingthesamenamewholookedcompletelydifferent!Oneinventedhundredsofusesforpeanuts,whiletheotherledsomesortofarmyacrossAmerica.Istaredatthescreen,wonderingwhichonemyteachermeant.Icalledmygrandfatherforagoldenpieceofadvice;flip(掷)acoin.Heads—thecommander,andtails—thepeanutsguy.Ah!Tails,myreportwouldbeaboutthegreatmanwhoinventedpeanutbutter,GeorgeWashingtonCarver.
Weekslater,standingbeforethisunfriendlymass,Iwastotallylost.Ohwell,Iloweredthepaperandsatdownatmydesk,burningtofindoutwhatIhaddonewrong.Asaclassmatebeganhisreport,itallbecameclear,“MyreportisonGeorgeWashington,themanwhostartedtheAmericanRevolution.”Thewholeworldbecamequite!HowcouldIknowthatshemeantthatGeorgeWashington?
Obviously,mygradewasawful.Heartbrokenbutfearless,Idecidedtoturnthisaround.ItalkedtoMissLancelot,butsheinsisted:Nore-dos;nonewgrade.Ifeltthatthepunishmentwasnotjustified,andIbelievedIdeservedasecondchance.Consequently,Ithrewmyselfheartilyintomyworkfortherestoftheschoolyear.Tenmonthslater,thatchanceunfoldedasIfoundmyselfsittingintheheadmaster’sofficewithmygrandfather,nowhavinganentirelydifferentconversation.Ismiledandflashedbacktotheembarrassingmomentatthebeginningoftheyearastheheadmasterinformedmeofmyoptiontoskipthesixthgrade.Justiceissweet!
60. Whatdidtheauthor’sclassmatesthinkabouthisreport?
A.Controversial. B.Ridiculous.
C.Boring. D.Puzzling.
61. Whywastheauthorconfusedaboutthetask?
A.HewasunfamiliarwithAmericanhistory.
B.Hefollowedtheadviceandflippedacoin.
C.Heforgothisteacher’sinstruction.
D.Hewasnewattheschool.
62. Theunderlinedword“burning”inPara.3probablymeans_______.
A.annoyed B.ashamed
C.ready D.eager
63. Intheend,theauthorturnedthingsaround_______.
A.byredoinghistask
B.throughhisownefforts
C.withthehelpofhisgrandfather
D.undertheguidanceofhisheadmaster
C
Decision-makingunderStress
Anewreviewbasedonaresearchshowsthatacutestressaffectsthewaythebrainconsiderstheadvantagesanddisadvantages,causingittofocusonpleasureandignorethepossiblenegative(负面的)consequencesofadecision.
Theresearchsuggeststhatstressmaychangethewaypeoplemakechoicesinpredictableways.
“Stressaffectshowpeoplelearn,”saysProfessorMaraMather.“Peoplelearnbetteraboutpositivethannegativeoutcomesunderstress.”
Forexample,tworecentstudieslookedathowpeoplelearnedtoconnectimages(影像)witheitherrewardsorpunishments.Inoneexperiment,someoftheparticipantswerefirststressedbyhavingtogiveaspeechanddodifficultmathproblemsinfrontofanaudience;intheother,somewerestressedbyhavingtokeeptheirhandsinicewater.Inbothcases,thestressedparticipantsrememberedtherewardedmaterialmoreaccuratelyandthepunishedmateriallessaccuratelythanthosewhohadn’tgonethroughthestress.
Thisphenomenonislikelynotsurprisingtoanyonewhohastriedtoresisteatingcookiesorsmokingacigarettewhileunderstress–atthosemoments,onlythepleasureassociatedwithsuchactivitiescomestomind.Butthefindingsfurthersuggestthatstressmaybringaboutadoubleeffect.Notonlyarerewardingexperiencesrememberedbetter,butnegativeconsequencesarealsoeasilyrecalled.
Theresearchalsofoundthatstressappearstoaffectdecision-makingdifferentlyinmenandwomen.Whilebothmenandwomentendtofocusonrewardsandlessonconsequencesunderstress,theirresponsestoriskturnouttobedifferent.
Menwhohadbeenstressedbythecold-watertasktendedtotakemorerisksintheexperimentwhilewomenrespondedintheoppositeway.Instressfulsituationsinwhichrisk-takingcanpayoffbig,menmaytendtodobetter,whencautionweighsmore,however,womenwillwin.
Thistendencytoslowdownandbecomemorecautiouswhendecisionsareriskymightalsohelpexplainwhywomenarelesslikelytobecomeaddictedthanmen:theymaymoreoftenavoidmakingtheriskychoicesthateventuallyhardenintoaddiction.
64. Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatpeopleunderpressuretendto______.
A.keeprewardsbetterintheirmemory
B.recallconsequencesmoreeffortlessly
C.makeriskydecisionsmorefrequently
D.learnasubjectmoreeffectively
65. Accordingtotheresearch,stressaffectspeoplemostprobablyintheir______.
A.waysofmakingchoices B.preferenceforpleasure
C.toleranceofpunishments D.responsestosuggestions
66. Theresearchhasprovedthatinastressfulsituation,______.
A.womenfinditeasiertofallintocertainhabits
B.menhaveagreatertendencytoslowdown
C.womenfocusmoreonoutcomes
D.menaremorelikelytotakerisks
D
Wilderness
“Inwilderness(荒野)isthepreservationoftheworld.”Thisisafamoussayingfromawriterregardedasoneofthefathersofenvironmentalism.Thefrequencywithwhichitisborrowedmirrorsaheateddebateonenvironmentalprotection:whethertoplacewildernessattheheartofwhatistobepreserved.
AsJohnSauvenofGreenpeaceUKpointsout,thereisastrongappealinimagesofthewild,theuntouched;morethananythingelse,theyspeakofthenaturethatmanypeoplevaluemostdearly.Theurgetoleavethesubjectofsuchimagesuntouchedisstrong,andthedangerexploitation(开发)bringstosuchlandscapes(景观)isreal.Someofthesewildernessesalsoperformfunctionsthathumansneed—therainforests,forexample,storecarboninvastquantities.ToMr.Sauven,these”ecosystemservices”faroutweighthegainsfromexploitation.
LeeLane,avisitingfellowattheHudsonInstitute,takestheopposingview.Heacknowledgesthatwildernessesdoprovideusefulservices,suchaswaterconservation.Butthatisnot,heargues,areasontoavoidallhumanpresence,orindeedcommercialandindustrialexploitation.ThereareevermorepeopleontheEarth,andtheyreasonablyandrightfullywanttohavebetterlives,ratherthanmerelystruggleforsurvival.Whilethewaysofusingresourceshaveimproved,thereisstillagrowingneedforrawmaterials,andsomewildernessescontaintheminabundance.Iftheycanbetappedwithoutreducingtheservicesthosewildernessesprovide,theargumentgoes,thereisnofurtherreasonnottodoso.Beinguntouchedisnot,initself,acharacteristicworthvaluingaboveallothers.
Ilookforwardstoseeingtheseviewstakenfurther,andtotheirbeingchallengedbytheotherparticipants.Onechallengethatsuggestsitselftomeisthatbothcasesneedtotakeonthequestionofspiritualvaluealittlemoredirectly.Andthereisapracticalquestionastowhetherwildernessescanbeexploitedwithoutharm.
Thisisatopicthatcallsfornotonlyfreeexpressionoffeelings,butalsotheguidanceofreason.Whatpositionwildernessshouldenjoyinthepreservationoftheworldobviouslydeservesmuchmoreseriousthinking.
67.JohnSauvenholdsthat_____.
A.manypeoplevaluenaturetoomuch
B.exploitationofwildernessesisharmful
C.wildernessesprovidehumanswithnecessities
D.theurgetodeveloptheecosystemservicesisstrong
68.WhatisthemainideaofPara.3?
A.Theexploitationisnecessaryforthepoorpeople.
B.Wildernessescannotguaranteebetteruseofrawmaterials.
C.Usefulservicesofwildernessesarenotthereasonfornoexploitation.
D.Allthecharacteristicsconcerningtheexploitationshouldbetreatedequally.
69.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthisdebate?
A.Objective. B.Disapproving.
C.Sceptical.D.Optimistic.
70.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?
A. B.
C. D.
CP:CentralPoint P:Point Sp:Sub-point(次要点) C:Conclusion
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Empathy
Lastyear,researchersfromtheUniversityofMichiganreportedthatempathy,theabilitytounderstandotherpeople,amongcollegestudentshaddroppedsharplyoverthepast10years.__71__Today,peoplespendmoretimealoneandarelesslikelytojoingroupsandclubs.
JenniferFreed,aco-directorofateenprogram,hasanotherexplanation.TurnontheTV,andyou’reshoweredwithnewsandrealityshowsfullofpeoplefighting,competing,andgenerallytreatingoneanotherwithnorespect.__72__
Therearegoodreasonsnottofollowthosebadexamples.Humansaresociallyrelatedbynature.__73__Researchershavealsofoundthatempatheticteenagersaremorelikelytohavehighself-respect.Besides,empathycanbeacureforloneliness,sadness,anxiety,andfear.
Empathyisalsoanindicationofagoodleader.Infact,Freedsays,manytopcompaniesreportthatempathyisoneofthemostimportantthingstheylookforinnewmanagers.__74__“Academicsareimportant.Butifyoudon’thaveemotional(情感的)intelligence,youwon’tbeassuccessfulinworkorinyourlovelife,”shesays.
What’sthebestwaytoupyourEQ(情商）?Forstarters,letdownyourguardandreallylistentoothers.__75__
Toreallydevelopempathy,you’dbettervolunteeratanursinghomeorahospital,joinacluborateamthathasadiversemembership,havea“sharingcircle”withyourfamily,orspendtimecaringforpetsatananimalshelter.
Everyoneisdifferent,andlevelsofempathydifferfrompersontoperson.
Thatcouldbebecausesomanypeoplehavereplacedfacetimewithscreentime,theresearcherssaid.
“Onedoesn’tdevelopempathybyhavingalotofopinionsanddoingalotoftalking,”Freedsays.
Humanslearnbyexample—andmostoftheexamplesonitareanythingbutempathetic.
Empathyisamatteroflearninghowtounderstandsomeoneelse—bothwhattheythinkandhowtheyfeel.
Goodsocialskills—includingempathy—areakindof“emotionalintelligence”thatwillhelpyousucceedinmanyareasoflife.
Havingrelationshipswithotherpeopleisanimportantpartofbeinghuman—andhavingempathyisdecisivetothoserelationships.
第四部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）
情景作文（20分）
假设你是红星中学高三（1）班的学生李华，校报英文版正在开展“续写雷锋日记”活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，将你所做的一件好事以日记形式记述下来，向校报投稿。
注意：1.日记的开头已为你写好。
2.词数不少于60。
Saturday，June2Fine
Thismorning
(请务必将情景作文写在答题卡指定区域内)
第二节 开放作文（15分）
请根据下面提示，写一篇短文。词数不少于50。
YouarediscussingthefollowingpicturewithyourEnglishfriendJim.Nowyouaretellinghimhowyouunderstandthepictureandwhatmakesyouthinkso.
(请务必将情景作文写在答题卡指定区域内)
第1页
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