阅卷场老师评点英语写作毛病
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在高考阅卷过程中，笔者发现，考生英语写作存在大量共性问题，以下是对这些共性问题做的分析，希望同学们在平时的英语写作中对所出现的问题能进行有针对性地练习，以提高写作水平。???以2006年的高考英语写作（全国卷Ⅰ）为例，要求写一篇书信形式的说明文，考生根据图示介绍一下自己学校图书馆的有关情况。考生在试卷中出现的普遍问题如下：
???■一?近义词、相形词的错用???1.近义词错用???“到图书馆借书”写成lendbooks，混淆了lend和borrow的用法，lend为借出，borrow为借入。应改为borrowbooksfromthelibrary；???受母语影响，把看书写成lookbooks，seebooks或watchbooks，应为readbooks。???2.相形词错用???把一些拼写相近的词混用。例如把“环境安静”写成aquite（应为quiet）environment;“穿过公园”写成though（应为through）thepark;“除了星期日”写成expect（应为except）Sunday。
???■二?冠词及单复数概念模糊???1.Youcanreadnewspaper,magazine,andstorybooksinourlibrary.（×）???2.One/each/everypeoplecanborrowfivebooksonce.（×）???3.Itgivesusmanyknowledges.（×）???应改为：???1.Youcanreadnewspapers,magazinesandstorybooksinourlibrary.（√）???2.Everyperson/studentcanborrowfivebookseachtime.（√）???3.Itgivesusmuchknowledge.（√）
???■三?词性混用???1.It’sroundedbymanygreentrees.（形容词错用为动词）???2.Thelibrary’sroundhasmanygreentrees····（形容词错用为名词）???3.Whenyouacrossthegarden,····（介词错用为动词）????可改为：???1.Therearemanygreentreesaroundit或Arounditaremanygreentrees.???2.Thelibraryissurroundedbymanygreentrees.????3.Whenyouwalk/gothroughthegarden,····
???■四?使用的短语中多出现介词错误，或结构不完整???1.“在周末”（attheweekend/atweekends/onweekends）写成in/ontheweekend???2.“在…前面”（infrontof）写成In/onthefrontofthelibrary???3.“许多树”（alotof/lotsoftrees）?写成alotsoftrees???4.“各种各样的书”（avarietyof/varietiesof/variousbooks）写成varietyofbooks,avariousofbooks???5.“简而言之”（inshort）写成了Inashort???6.“与此同时”（atthesametime）写成inthesametime???7.“我盼望你的回信”（I’mlookingforwardtoyourletter.）写成I’mlookingforwardyourletter.
???■五?句子中构成谓语的动词形式错误（此类被视为低级语法错误，也往往被作为评分档次的重要依据）???1.Wecanreadingnewspapers.（画线部分应改为read）???2.Icanheardbirdssinging.?（画线部分应改为hear）???3.Sopeoplecansittheretoreading.（画线部分应改为read）???4.Ithinkyoumustbelikeourlibrarytoo.（画线部分应去掉be）?
???■六?缺乏时态概念，不能准确把握动词特征，如及物动词和不及物动词，短暂性动词和延续性动词???1.Thelibraryisopenat9:00inthemorning.??（画线部分应改为opens，用动词表动作）???2.It’sopenedfrom9:00inthemorningto7:00intheafternoon.（画线部分应改为open，用形容词表状态的持续）???3.Ourlibraryisbuiltbetweentheparkandtheteachingbuilding.（画线部分应改为过去时wasbuilt或用lies/islocated，表build动作已完成）???4.Youcanborrowfivebooksfortendays.（画线部分应改为keep，borrow是短暂性动词，不能与for引导的时间短语连用）???5.Youmustreturnintendays.?（应在return后加宾语them,?return做不及物动词意思是“回来”，用做“归还”时是及物动词）???6.Youmustreturnthembackintendays.?（应去掉back,return相当于comeback,不能再和back连用）
???■七?代词使用错误：单复数与所替代的名词不一致，或主宾格错误???1.Youcanonlyborrowfivebooksandkeepitfortendaysatmost。（画线部分应用them替代books）???2.It’seasyforourtostudyandworkthere.?（our应改为us，放在介词for后）
???■八?受母语思维方式的影响，汉语式直译现象普遍，多是用词堆句???1.Ireceiveyourletterisveryhappy.（×）???应改为：Iamveryhappytohavereceivedyourletter.???2.Itsbehindisourclassroom;aroundthelibraryhavemanytrees.（×）???应改为：Behinditisourclassroom,andaroundthelibraryaremanytrees.???3.Itaroundhavelotsoftreesandflowers.（×）???应改为：Arounditarelotsoftreesandflowers.???或Ithaslotsoftreesandflowersaroundit.???4.Inthelibraryhastablesandchairs,thereisquiet.（×）???应改为：Therearetablesandchairsinthelibrary.It’squietthere.???5.Everydayhasmanypeoplecometolookbooks.（×）???应改为：Everydaymanypeoplecometoreadbooks.???6.Youatmostborrowfivebooksonce.（×）???应改为：Youcanborrowfivebooksatmosteachtime.???7.5:00inthemorningistheopentime,and7:00intheafternoonistheclosetime.（×）???应改为：Itopensat5：00inthemorningandclosesat7：00intheafternoon.???8.Fromam9topm7isopen,theweekendisclosed.（×）???应改为：It’sopenfrom9amto7pm,andisclosedattheweekend.???9.I’mverylikemyschoolbuilding.（×）???应改为：Ilikemyschoolbuildingverymuch.
???■九?结尾语随意性强,以中文书信的习惯写英文???1.Justwritehere,bye-bye.???2.That’sall,Imuststopwritingnow.???3.Thedayislate，Imustgotosleepnow.Iwishyouhaveagoodnight。???4.Oh,Iforgetthetime,justspeakhere.???其实在一般英文书信中，人们更常用表示希望，祝愿和期盼的话来做结尾语。如：???1.Lookingforwardtoanearlyreply.???2.Hopingtohearfromyouatanearlydate./Hopingyouwillbeabletocome,Iam./Hopingyouareenjoyinggoodhealth.???3.Withbestwishestoyourfamily./Withkindregardstoyourparents.???4.Wishingyoueverysuccess.???5.Pleaseremembermetoyourfather.???6.Givemylovetothechildren.
???■十?书写不规范，字迹潦草，随意涂改，甚至在行文中加入汉语拼音，都是影响得分的因素
???以上种种问题，归结于考生对基础知识掌握不牢固，词汇量，基础语法水平欠缺。加之平时练习中只看重单选，疏于动笔，课外阅读量小，从而缺少对英语基本句型的掌握，无法形成对英语语言的语感。为此，笔者提出如下建议：???1.加强对常见单词、短语的识记，尤其是常用不规则动词的变化形式。记忆单词时，务必做到眼、口、手并用,注意细微之处。???2.注意对语感的培养。时态和冠词是学生最易出错的两个方面，可通过强化练习或阅读来增强学生对冠词及时态的感悟能力。???3.加强翻译训练,增强学生对句子的组织能力，特别是对基本句型的训练,如主系表结构、主谓宾结构、therebe句型、倒装句、感叹句等。同学们在训练中译英能力的过程中,可以试着用多种方法，多种句型或词语翻译一个意思。尽量做到主动语态与被动语态，简单句与并列句，简单句与复合句，复合句与复合句之间的转换以及词性的转换。???4.写作水平比较差的同学，可以根据高考中不同体裁的文章，背一些可以套用的句子,做一些替换词的训练，并注意时态和语态的变化。???5.每周应坚持写1~2篇作文，注意不同的文体。既要注重谴词造句，又要注重谋篇，正确运用连词和短语。???6.多阅读英语文章，锤炼语感，只有首先做到朗朗上口，提笔写作时才能得心应手。???7.卷面是否整洁，字迹是否工整，也是老师评卷过程中考虑是否给分的地方。这就要求同学们在平时的练习中就要做到从小处着手，从标点符号、大小写到词间距、行间距入手，尽量注意做到卷面整洁，字体优美，避免乱涂乱改，以减少不必要的失分。??????附2006高考英语（全国卷Ⅰ）写作范文???June8DearBob,???Thankyouforyourlastletteraskingaboutourlibrary.???Ourlibraryisinthecenteroftheschool.Thereisabeautifulgardeninfrontofitandourclassroombuildingisrightbehindit.Thelibraryisbig.Whenyougetinside,youwillseemanyshelvesfullofbooksondifferentsubjects.Therearealsolotsofnewspapersandmagazines.Weborrowbooksanddosomereadinginthelibrary.?Accordingtotherule,everystudentcanborrowupto5bookseachtimeandkeepthemfor10days.Itisopenfrom9amto7pmfromMondaytoFridayandclosedonweekends.???Wealllikeourlibraryverymuch.???Bestwishes,????LiHua
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