Lostcivilizations阅读教学设计
侯婕2012.06
摘要：指导学生接受、处理、记忆和运用课文信息。根据符合教学目标的任务，发挥学生在阅读教学中的主体作用，提高学生的语篇分析能力。
关键词：课文教学，信息转换手段，任务，语篇
高中英语阅读课文具有题材广泛、体裁各样、语言知识丰富等特征，是各单元教学的核心部分，也是培养学生阅读能力的主要渠道。然而，传统的阅读课教学模式常常是单一的自下而上模式，教学方式只是把课文作为单纯向学生传授语法及语言知识的载体，忽视了培养学生的阅读速度和理解能力；传统的阅读理解提问方式也常常停留在对所阅读文章的表层理解层次上。那么，如何借助这些课文来提高学生的阅读速度、阅读理解能力和语言水平呢？经过教学实践和不断尝试，笔者发现：不同阅读活动阶段，必须采用不同阅读理解模式以求不同阅读教学目标的实现。下面以Lostcivilizations阅读课为例对这一问题进行探析。
TeachingAims
1.Readthetext“Lostcivilizations”.TraintheSs’readingability.
2.Howtousemodelverbs.
阅读任务的基本原则
在设计阅读任务的时候，教师可以根据课文标题设计任务，引导学生对课文内容进行预测；阅读中的任务设计应紧扣中心思想，关注主要信息，不苛求对字句的理解；阅读后的任务要有利于培养学生的语言输出能力。依据这一思路，课文阅读教学可以分为以下三个主要部分：
阅读前任务
（Pre-readingtasks）
导入话题
(Getready) 激活背景知识，导入新课，根据课文标题预测课文的主要内容和框架结构
阅读中任务（While-readingtasks）
关注主要信息
（Focusonmainpoints） 进行信息转换，梳理和简化课文主要内容，便于学生理解、记忆和口头输出。 语篇分析
(Discourseanalysis） 对阅读材料的描写手段、叙事方式、逻辑结构以及衔接手段进行分析。
阅读后的任务（Post-readingtasks）
评价
（Respondtothetext） 整合阅读材料和已有知识结构，突破固有的思维模式，构建新理念，提出新观点。
二、阅读前的任务设计(Getready)
基础的阅读教学，教师应监督并检查学生的词汇掌握，以为学生阅读的进一步提高阅读能力奠定条件。
善于引入文章的话题，巧妙的设计任务，激活背景知识，让学生对阅读材料产生兴趣，引导他们预测阅读文章的主要内容和篇章结构。
Newword’smasteryinthistext.
DopartD1onpage44.
D1Lookatthesenewwordsfromthediaryentriesandmatchthemwiththeirdefinition.Guessthemeaningsfromthecontextifyoudonotknowtheanswer.
1lecture(line7)_________atakecontrolof
2found(line7)__________batalkgiventoagroupofpeopletoteach
themaboutasubject
3takeover(line8)_________camixtureofwateranddirt
4mud(line20)_________dmakesomethinglookmoreattractivebyputting
thingson
5decorate(line21)_________eanorganizationthathasaspecialpurpose,suchasforeducation
6wealthy(line31)_________fthethingsthatclothesaremadeof
7institute(line36)_________gtookcontrolof
8material(line39)_________hrich
Answers:
bgachdef
Getreadyforthereading（Pre-readingtasks）
Weallknowthatitisimportanttoprotectculturalheritage.Todaylet’sgodowntotheoldcitiesPompeiiandLoulan.FromthetraveldiarykeptbyAnnonaculturalexpeditiontositesoflostcivilization.Whatcanwefind?
Explainthetitle—Lostcivilizationsinyourownwords.
阅读中的任务设计（While-readingtasks）
阅读的主要目的是从篇章中获取信息。教师应善于利用信息转换手段，设计有效的任务和活动。
关注主要信息
教师可以设计一些预测课文内容的任务，鼓励学生灵活运用Skimming和Scanning等阅读策略，迅速捕捉文章中的主要信息或事实，并验证阅读之前作出的预测。
（1）验证预测
在阅读前，学生对阅读材料的内容和结构做出了预测。
（2）归纳主题思想
归纳主题思想是文章的核心内容。归纳主题思想是一项十分重要的阅读技能，它体现了学生总结和概括能力。
语篇分析
语篇分析的基本内容包括：语法衔接手段（如照应、替代、省略等）、词汇衔接手段（如复现关系、同现关系）、语义关联、句际关系（如并列、因果等）以及篇章结构等。
Previsionchecking.
Questions:PartAonpage42
AReadthefollowingdiaryentriesquicklyandanswerthesequestion.
1WherearePompeiiandLoulan?
2Whatisonemainsimiliaritybetweenthetwocities?
3WhatwasLoulanburiedbeneath?
Answers:
PompeiiisinItalyandLoulanisinChina.
Bothofthembecamelostcivilizationslongago.
Loulanwasburiedbeneaththesand.
Reading(Focusonmainpoints)
ReadthetextquicklyandanswerthequestionsinpartC1onpage44:
Howwelldidyouunderstandthedetailsinthediary?Readitagaincarefullyandanswerthefollowingquestions.
WhathappenedtoPompeiiinAugustAD79?
HowwasPompeiidiscovered?
WhatwerethesteppingstonesalongtheroadinthePompeiiusedfor?
WhywasLoulananimportantcityabout2000yearsago?
Accordingtothelastsentence,hoedidtheauthorfeelaboutthelossofLoulan?
Answers:
Avolcanoeruptedandlava,ashandrockspouredoutofitontothesurroundingcountryside.ManypeopleinPompeiiwereburiedalive,andsowasthecity.
Itwasdiscoveredinthe18thcenturywhenafarmerfoundastonewithwritingonit.Peoplestartedtodigintheareafortreasure,whichcausedmuchdamage.Thus,in1860,theareawasputundergovernmentprotectionsoitcouldbepreventedandstudied.
Withthesestones,peopledidnothavetostepinthemudonrainydays.
BecauseitwasastoppingpointonthefamousSilkRoadbetweentheEastandtheWest.
Shefeltthatitwasapity.
Careful-reading(Discourseanalysis)
DopartC2onpage44.
C2Recordthefellingandopinions(emotions)’ssentencesexpression.
1、Ifeelluckytohavewonaplaceonthistrip.(line2)E/A
2、ThismorningwewenttoalectureaboutPompeii.(line7)E/A
3、Unfortunately,allthepeoplewereburiedalive,andsowasthecity!(lines11-12)E/A
4、Howamazing!(lines14-15)E/A
5、Peoplestartedtodigintheareafortreasure.(lines16-17)E/A
6、WhenIwalkedaroundthecity,Isawstreetsjustastheyhadbeen.(line19)E/A
7Iamsoexcitedtobehere(lines33-34)E/A
8、Svenfoundtheremainsofbuildingsburiedunderthesand..(line38)E/A
Answers:
1E2Ａ３Ａ４E5A6A7E8A
DopartD2onpage44
D2Findthefollowingwordsinthetextanddecidethattheyreferto.
1thecity(line7)________________________________
2them(line26)________________________________
3it(line31)_________________________________
4that(line44)_________________________________
Answers:
Pompeii
true-to-lifefiguresofthepeoplewhohaddiedinthedisaster.
Loulan
thefactthattreeswerecuedown
阅读后的任务设计
引导学生讨论阅读材料，进一步加深对文章的理解。
Key:TheReadingStrategy
Guidethestudentsgraspthestrategyonreadingandwritingadiaryentries
Dates Eg’ Placenames Eg’ Factsandhistoricalinformation Eg’ Personalfeelingsopinions Eg’
Diaryentries
Listeningtest
CompletePartEonpage45
unfortunateremainsbeneathpouring
scholarfleeingerupteddestroy
IoftenwonderwhythepeopleofPompeiididnotrunawaybeforethevolcano______.
Asitturnsout,theydidnotknowwhatavolcanowas.Infact,theRomansdidnotevenhaveawordfor‘volcano’.Theyhadnoideathatavolcanowould______destroythem.Startingfrom20AugustAD79,thereweresomeearthquakesnearthevolcano.However,noonepaidthemmuchattention.Then,on24August,themountainexploded,________outacloudofash.Itwasalsomovingquitefast.Mostofthehuman____fromPompeiihavebeenfoundontheroadsawayfromthecity.Thepeoplewere_____thecityfortheirlives.However,theycouldnotgetawayfastenough,sotheyburied______theash.AfamousRoman_______happenedtobeonaroadnearbywhenallofthishappened,sohewenttotheareatoseewhatwasgoingonEvenhedidnotknowwhatavolcanowas.Itwas________thathetoodiedinthedisaster.
Answer:
1.erupted2.destroy3.pouring4.remains
5.fleeing6.beneath7.scholar8.unfortunate
Post-readingtask（Respondtothetext）(Homework)
Readthetextagainandcomposeapoemafterclasswiththenewmodelverbsinthisstory.
Key:1thenewmodelverbs
TheReadingStrategy
根据下面的文字提示，写一篇记叙文，要交代清楚这次火山爆发的始末及细节。
2007年7月，某岛上的Gamkonora火山爆发了，数日来，岩石、灰烬和烟雾被射向空中，数千人被迫离开家园，并引发咳嗽和流感。还有一些人被活埋了，整个城市也被淹没了。
但是，火山爆发也带来了意想不到的好处。火山山坡上的人们非常地感谢这次火山爆发。火山灰烬杀死那里的害虫，这些害虫以椰子树的叶子为食。而叶子树是当地主要的经济收入来源。这使得收入大大减少。
岛上其它地区仍然遭受害虫的侵害。
GamkonraVolcanoeruptedinJuly,2007,shoutingrocks,ashandsmokeintotheairfordaysandforcingthousandsoflocalpeopletoleavetheirhomes.Theashmadethemallgetcoughsandmanyevensufferflu.Andmanypeoplewereburiedalive,andsowasthecity.
Butnowthefarmerslivingontheslopesofthemountainarethankingthevolcanoforgettingridofthepests.Gamkonrawascoveredwithash.Itturnsoutthattheverysameashhashelpedthemkillpests.Thepest,insectswhicheattheleavesofthecoconuttree,greatlyreducingthecoconutharvest.Coconutsareamainsourceoflivelihoodforresidentsinthearea.
Otherareasonthesameislandthatwerenotinfluencedbytheashcontinuetosufferfromthepests.
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