语法复习系列————冠词
???冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，对名词进行限定。冠词与名词的关系密不可分，就好像“鱼儿离不开水”一样。冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词两种，它们在英语中使用率极高，也是历年来考查重点。
冠词分为不定冠词a/an和定冠词the，在具体使用时可分为用不定冠词、定冠词和不用冠词三种情况。它的基本用法我们可以用以下口诀来记忆：
泛指用a/an，单数可数；特指用the，不特不the。
【注】（1）泛指用a/an，单数可数——泛指的可数名词单数前要用a/an。如：Iwantanapple.
?（2）特指用the——如果是特指，那么无论是可数名词单数、复数或不可数名词前均要用the。如：Thepencilismine./Idon’tlikethepencilsonthedesk.
?（3）不特不the——不特指则不用the，包括泛指的可数名词单数前用a/an，泛指的可数名词复数前不用冠词，泛指的不可数名词前也不用冠词三种情况。如：Ilikemonkeys./Idon’tlikebread.
一、不定冠词的基本用法
1.第一次提到的人或事物：
?Ibought_____________（一辆自行车）yesterday.
?Thereis_____________（一块橡皮）onthedesk.
2.表示有某人或某物，但不具体说明是何人或何物：
?_____________（一个学生）islookingforyou.
3.表示一类人或事物中的任何一个：
?_____________（火车）isfasterthan_____________（汽车）.
?_____________（大象）isstrongerthan_____________（马）.
4.虽然有“一”的含义，但不强调数量：
?Ihave_____________（一个姐姐）.HernameisLily.
5.用于表示时间、长度、价格等的单位名词前，表“每一”，相当于every：
?Youshouldtakethismedicine_____________________（一天三次）.
?Theapplesarethreeyuan_____________（每公斤）.
6.习惯用法：
?afew___________,alittle___________,alotof___________,anumberof_____________,
?havearest_____________,take/havealook_____________,makeaface_____________,
?inahurry_____________,forawhile_____________…
?
记忆口诀
不定冠词a或an，表“一”但不强调“一”；人或事物首次提，单位名词前“每一”；
表示有人、有某物，何人何物不具体；强调类别任一个，习惯用法记心里。
?
二、a和an用法巧记
1.a用于辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前，an用于元音音素开头的单数可数名词前。注意：要看读音是元音开头还是辅音开头，而不是根据字母。如_______________（一个小时），_______________（一把雨伞）等。
如果名词前有修饰语，那么用a还是an取决于该修饰语的第一个音素是辅音还是元音。如：___________________（一本有用的书），___________________（一个诚实的男孩），
___________________（一个不高兴的女孩），__________________（一个不寻常的故事）等。
2.a,e,i,o,这四个元音字母，以及f,h,l,m,n,r,s,x这八个辅音字母单独使用时，因其发音均以元音开头，所以要用an。我们可以用一句话来概括前面用an的所有字母，Mr.Lihasonefox.（李先生有一只狐狸。）举例如下：
??ThistimeIgot___________（一个A）inmyhomework.
??Thereis___________（一个n）intheword“lend”.
??Ibought___________（a/an）MP5yesterday.
3.用8,11,18,80,800等阿拉伯数字组成的短语前要用an，其他用a。如：
??Thatisaneight-meter-widebridge.
??Heisonlyan11-year-oldboy.
??Ihadatalkwithan80-year-oldmanonthestreetyesterday.
?
三、定冠词的基本用法
1.用在“特指”谈话双方都知道的某个人或某些人或物前。如：
??Whereis______________？老师在哪里？
2.用在上文已提到的人或事物前。如：
Icanseeacat.______________isLucy’s.我能看见一只猫，那只猫是露茜的。
3.用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：
?______________goesaround______________.地球围绕着太阳转。
4.用在序数词或形容词最高级前。如：
Heisalways______________togettoschool.他总是第一个到校。
??Mikeis______________ofthethreeboys.迈克是三个男孩中最高的一个。
5.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：
??theGreatWall（）?thePeople’sPark（）
6.用在一些习惯用语中或乐器名词前。如：
??intheday（）playthepiano（）
?
记忆口诀
特指双熟悉，上文已提及，世上独一无二，序数最高级，某些专有名，习语及乐器。
?
四、零冠词的用法
??1.名词前已有作定语用的this,that,these,those,my,your,his,her,our,their,some等限定词时，不用冠词。如：thiseraser,herpencil-box,someboxes,thosewomen等。
??2.泛指的不可数名词前一般不用冠词。如：meat,rice,water,bread,tea,milk,juice等。
??3.复数名词表示泛指时，不用冠词。如：Thepeopleintheroomaredoctors.房间里的那些人是医生。
??4.在表示学科的名词前一般不用冠词。如：Chinese,English,maths,physics,history等。5.在三餐饭和球类运动名词前一般不加冠词。如：havebreakfast/lunch/supper,playbasketball/football等。
??6.在季节、节日、星期、月份前不用冠词。如：autumn,summer,winter,spring,Teachers’Day,Children’sDay,Sunday,February等。
??7.在表颜色、语种和国家名词前不用冠词。如：white,brown,French,Australia等。
??8.在表示称呼语的名词之前，以及职务、头衔的名词前不用冠词。如：
?DoctorGreenisascientist.格林博士是位科学家。
记忆口诀
代词限定名词前，专有名词不可数，复数名词表泛指，
学科球类三餐饭，季节星期月份前，颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。
?
五、有无定冠词意思迥异
???英语中有些名词，如bed,class,hospital,school,church等，当不强调这次词所表示的场所，只强调它们的专门作用时，前面不带定冠词；否则要加定冠词。如：
1.attable?atthetable________________
2.atdesk_______________________?atthedesk__________________
3.atschool___________________attheschool_________________________
4.atsea________________atthesea____________________
5.inclass___________________?intheclass______________________
6.inprison__________________intheprison_____________________
7.inbed_________________________?inthebed_________________
8.infrontof___________________?inthefrontof____________________
9.gotobed________________?gotothebed_____________________
10.gotohospital_____________?gotothehospital_________________
11.gotochurch_________________________?gotothechurch____________________
12.gotoschool_________________?gototheschool____________________________-
冠词练习1
()1.Thereis________“M”and________“Y”intheword“my”.
A.an,a B.a,an C.an,an
()2.________Englishis________difficultsubjectformostof________students.
A./,a,the B.The,a,the C.The,the,the
()3.I’mgoingtolearn________secondlanguagein_________secondgrade.
A.a,a B.the,/ C.a,the
()4.Mysisterwasillin________bed,andmymotherwassittingon________bedbyher.
A./,the B./,/ C.the,the
()5.Wehave_____lunchatschoolonweekdaysandweenjoy______lunchverymuch.
A./,the B./,/ C.a,/
()6.Wecan’tsee________sunat________night.Butwecanseethemoonandthestars.
A.the,the B.the,/ C.a,/
()7.Mybrotherlikesplaying________footballverymuch,buthedoesn’tlike________footballIboughthimforhisbirthday.
A.the,the B./,the C.the,/
()8.________teacherand________writerisstillinourschool.
A.The,the B.A,a C.The,/
()9.Jimwasmade________ofClassThree.
A.monitor B.amonitor C.themonitor
()10.Fromthenon________beganlookingforwaystogointo________.
A.man,space B.theman,space C.man,thespace
()11.Morecollegeraduateswouldliketoworkin________westpartofourcountry????
??????????________nextyear.
A.the,the B./,/ C.the,/
()12.Thereis________oldmanstandingthere.________oldmanlooksworried.
A.an,An B.an,The C.the,The
()13.Thefootballplayersfrom________USAlivein_________RoomNine.
A.the,/ B./,the C.an,/
()14.We’reinvitedtohave________supperwith________Whitestomorrow.
A.the,the B./,the C.the,/
()15.LastyearmycousinMarywas________universitystudentof________physics.
A.a,the B.an,the C.a,/
()16.There’remanypoorpeoplein________world.Ithink_________richmusthelp
????????????________poor.
A.the,the,the B.the,a,a C./,the,the
()17.Tom,doyouknow________girlin________blue?
A.the,the B.the,/ C.a,/
()18.LessonOneis________verydifficultlesson,butitisnot________most
??????????difficultoneinBookOne.
A.a,the B.the,the C.a,a
()19.---IsCanada________English-speakingcountry?
---Yes.AndCanadiansspeak________French,too.
A.a,/ B.an,/ C.a,the
()20.________YellowRiveris________secondlongestriverinChina.
A.The,/ B./,the C.The,the
?冠词练习2
（）1.Thereisn’t________rivernearwhereIlive.________nearestriveris500
?????????kilometersaway.
A.a,The B.an,A C.the,A
()2.________oldladywithwhitehairspoke________Englishwellat________meeting.
A.An,an,a B.The,/,an C.The,/,the
()3.---Willyougetthereby________train?----No,I’lltake________taxi.
A./,a B.a,the C./,/
()4.---Is________English-Chinesedictionaryonthedeskyours?
---No,Idon’thave________English-Chinesdictionary.
A./,a B.a,the C.the,an
()5.----Mybrotherisplaying_____basketballwhilemysisterisplaying______piano.
A./,/ B.the,the C./,the
()6.Mygrandparentsoftenstayat________homeat________weekends.
A./,the B./,/ C.the,the
()7.---Whatwouldyoulikefor________breakfast,Mr.Fang?
---Threepiecesofbreadwith________cupofblacktea,please.
A.a,a B./,the C./,a
()8.DavidSmith,________ofRussianatTsinghuaUniversity,saidtheathewasoneoftheyoungestwinnersoftheprize.
A.professor B.aprofessor C.theprofessor
()9.---IspentallmymoneybecauseIstayedin_____mostexpensivehotelinthecity.
---Whydidn’tyouchoose________cheaperone?
A.a,the B.the,a C.the,/
()10.Mrs.Liulivedin________butshewentinto________onceaweektobuyfoodand?
??????????otherthingsforthehouse.
A.country,town B.thecountry,thetown C.thecountry,town
()11.Thisis________interestingstoryanditisalso________movingone.
A.an,an B.an,the C.an,a
()12.Somepeoplearestillin________habitofwritingin________publicplaces.
A.the,the B./,/ C.the,/
()13.Youngmenprefergoingby________planetogoingin________ship.
A./,a B.the,a C./,the
()14.________longthebridgeis!Letmedriveyouoverit.
A.What B.Whata C.How
()15.Peopleliketoseefilmson________TVinsteadofgoingto________cinema.
A.the,the B./,the C.the,/
()16.______SmithsaregoingtotheparkthisSunday.Whydon’twegofor______walk?
A.A,a B.An,/ C.The,a
()17.________Chinais________oldcountrywith________longhistory.
A.The,an,a B./,an,a C./,an,the
()18.Iwillhave________supperwith________Blacksintherestaurantthisweekend.
A.the,the B.the,/ C./,the
()19.There’sgoingtobe________interestingAmericanfilmon________nightof
??????????August4th.
A.an,the B.an,a C.a,the
()20.________littlegirlmakingfacesis________Australian.
A.The,an B.A,an C.A,/
同步练习3???1.____rose?is____beautifulflower.???2.Mr.Smithalwayssmokes____cigarettewith____cupofcoffee.???3.____doorof____garageisbroken.???4.____donkeysare____stupidanimals.???5.____breadismadefrom____flour,and____flourismadefrom____wheat.???6.Sheis____goodmusician;sheplays____pianobeautifully.???7.Thousandsof____visitorsgoto____GreatWallevery____day.???8.Whenhewasenghteen,hejoined____navy.???9.Hesentme____letterand____postcard;____letterdidn''tarrive.???10.Liisnotat____office;Ithinkhe''sgone____home.???11.Isthere____telephonehere????12.Sheisstudying____Englishand____French.???13.Ibought____penandsomepaper,butIleft____pen?in____shop.???14.____machineismadeof____steeland____copper.???15.____honestyis____bestpolicy.???16.____coalis60dollars____tonatthemoment.???17.Istayat____homelastnightandlistenedto____radio.???18.WewenttoParisandsaw____Palaceof?Versailles.???19.Hegoesbackto____countrytoseehispeopleonce____year.???20.____Liu''saregoingto____cinema.
1.the(a),a????2.a,a???????3.the,the???????4.x,x???????5.x,x,x,x??????6.a,the???7.x,the,x????8.the????9.a,a,the???????10.the,x??????11.a????????12.x,x????13.a,the,the14.the,x,x???15.x,the?????16.x,a????17.x,the???????18.x,the??????19.the,a?????20.the,the?Key:1-5:AACAA6-10:BBCAA11-15:CBABC16-20:ABABCKey:1-5:ACACC6-10:BCABC11-15:CCACB16-20:CBCAA
5
|
|
