美国LNG 项目安全法规标准及其启示

``á["
??vD''"O]A?????''ù["

I|





''"








<ê
8?aOA???D??/
?×?
L
i''

ù["

I|





''"







b

``T?eo
|r
ù
o




M
3
?
q
??vDp
Vù?
3




M8<??2 ?yvDiyD
?
V
C?1V
YA??

?["??E?S￥1?ù?yTb1?









<ê
8<ü
gZèu?_
^


|?_j<y?Dyèy?Dybè

?














bR''"znvy
?v{|?rpu?wz
%



p|z


?SY[T["??E?S#
U

|r
ù






`?? ?)




`R 7?






??vDyDy`

?_j<y?Dyèy?Dy

``|r
ù?

?SY[T["??E?S#
U
??y<















''"





``K`1`[S]N

N
^
?SY[T?

!9a
@ya%
5×?1￥]??S
S=
¤?úa Vi$<W


P¨báSX|[S]N

N?]?1wi?SES
?
P¨?C
?¨2TDáSY[T<??S??

?Báa?$a V[#·?T¨? s? ?byN
V
ò[S]N

N￥??G a?¨S[#
?
ì￥1"?


m
ù?

?SY[T["
!9a
@ya?￥??S8"#T¨o?
[ù1?Sy ? SDaμr￥Y[T["??

S8"41kbù?V
ü

?SYVE
paE?aS
?aQsYDY[TM1￥ò ?5 ?aü?a/
?|?￥y

T?1?yT??s ?é?
?ì?S
F?dBa SDa??￥??p?S8"
[S]N

N??μ ?|êbB

Z
?

?SYVE?

PS_


￥?¨?í1??S[S]N

N μ<?3?r ?

6BZ
?
[S]N

NYV?¨

v
Y¨/
?S? SD9
?ZE ?~?=?
1Y[T["??4??
?￥p
yN??a°¤?[S]N

N

1wi?S?dD?
êleμ￥T¨b

``1oM`Y[T`
!9`
@y`??`E
p`E?`S`
?S

``Q\V








w
v??{




''"

















``?SY[Ty<f
??Z
$3y ????￥S

??S ?￡Y[T["￥??? V???Zbá

S"-¨??SY[T["ê?a
!9a
@y￥<??

SoμTO




?￥?

c
A???
?@3

1b
?SC?￥S8"
^1?a 7b￥
 A
?dès

?


@

B

a
y
?C<??
Y[T¨Soμ

+

?
?
?SY[T?
1????/
?S5?[S]N



NY[T
3áa%i?
5?

e?[S]N

N
S

=
¤?úa Vi$<W
P¨b?S9X|[S]N



Ni



?]?1áSwi?SESTO
a






i




?·?T¨ˉ? sbyN
''ó

V
ò[S]N

N￥??G a?¨S[#
?
ì￥

1"?
m
ù?[S]N

N
?S￥T¨o?
[ù

1[S]N

NáS s?èT¨
w?áSy ??

?aμr￥Y[T["S41kb

>`
?SY[T["
!9
@yE
pDE?

``
?S??B????S
??YV''E
p?

E? ?S??é??S
SüSES￥?

?


@

B

b
?SYV ?E?????K???S

E?


Y[T["￥??
L
@<μ ?￥??S5b

>
>`
?SY[T["
!9
@y￥E
p

``
?S
àμB?
ê1?A???￥E?b?
?

SE??

?5

e?

b`P
o
{p￥



a






a




a




a




a




a




a




a






?

[/e?Y[TM1?

^
?S??Y[Tá


["ê?a
!9a
@y
êE?

PS_


￥G




@

B

b
?SS?ùpyE
p?è???|S?YV￥

óùE
p?
#
{?
5×￥??H {s3a×?

I???
?SE?

b`Pb

``

b`P[??aF?aSüaˉ3aˉ?a??a?

c
c?

 ?
ù``````````````````?`?`ì``````````````

a???La''ìa)@a??1p?=?1?
4

''1p
W7?%b

``

b`P?




?oA???5?
!
@Sp

1p
?Y
{?éA???·?Y[Tá

!
@

ê?a
!9a
@ya
l_?a?T??Z
?K?1p￥

??S
[#4???tK???S
H? I
n

￥ù5
??S￥
3r
HW?
a¨S?b

``

b`P?DY[TM1?￥=??1???

5?a5
^
!
@?2BA8
!
@
9
a¨?Y[Tá



!
@b?1=? ?

{??Sr???sY
^

??Y[T5
{
!
@E??Y[TáH
!
@E?￥?


ê
?é
^M?Y[T
!
@??￥?B3?|
??


Y[T["+?f ?/￥??S5?
ê?x5?
ê
1

p
{?é?·?μ]té
????
{E?[#

??5?
{
??5?
!
@￥K???Saù??

9?1pa
!
@??Sa5
^ oiS
é??

Bs?????5 ???

{?é???5

Ls???4??S￥1p
?óí ?mM1

??
?in￥??
??
{?é 7Z

?yT


H? I
n￥y
í?
Yfb]
H
1pü???è??

2BA85?
!
@￥_°???
?
?9?
4

?μü?5?
!
@?￥B?1p
??ü???

N
o￥
Y[b

b`P?4
M1??a5 ??


ê#|?￥''ˉ3ayT???yT=?1p
?

''tf ?A?á

ü?á￥=??
HW
''tyT

31á

ü?á￥=??
HWW?
''tZ
?A?

ê4??S
ê4S
H? I
n￥y
í?b

>
?`
?SY[T["
!9
@y￥ óùE?

``
?S óùE?:?5?P|qr|sSrqrny_rt?yn''"

?v|{?5?

e?PS_
bPS_?μ
?DY[T["
!

9a
@yM1￥
êE?
sY
^
?S
{?G E?



b`P




1p??i??￥?

?5an{?}|''"

?n?v|{

?Y
?




e?

PS_



oY[T
!
@


óù??Sp


@

B

??Sr?????￥?

?5?






e?

PS_



o) ?Y[T?YUT

A?2

B8
￥áH
!
@p


@

B

b






`

PS_




``

PS_


oY[T
!
@
 óù??SpsNjW



?0
sY195aê?1pa
!9a
@ya
!!a

?T?a?1a|?''ì??Ta]a?b?ê

?a?Ta?1a|?''ì??Ta]a??0￥

=??W%bD??M1?s
^×?=?
?￡?


1a^?? ??a?aa ¤1"d
!9a e????

? ?÷￥??1pa?T??a?$?M??a?

?aa
K e?aò"d

￡ùè÷aè5a e?"da|?

"da]a
?
?ù_?￥=??
HWW??
?1

?,

?SS[S]N

N



?￥=?


@

B

b






`

PS_




``

PS_


o) ?Y[T?YUT￥áH
!
@ps

[/
?0


``

oN095p
^Y¨e5
"?l?
??
)

?Y[T) ?YUT￥áH
!
@
{?T-￥''

???=?
??
ü???5 ??￥ˉ3?1p
M

1 ?m|￥? ?D???b

``

oO0) ?Y[T￥áH
!
@ps
??s
s

Y
^
!9D
@ya
!!a?Ta?1a|??Ta?ah

]b?o?Tp?oh]p?s=??W%
?=?

?e
{bO0?1??

?h$aè ?"dav
ü

"daY?"d?''
!
@?h]?"daS?DT

"da
m¨??
!
@￥''1p
??
Bt''=

?
??y?T=?
?T
m¨??$
m¨A?c￥

=?
?_°￥=??
???
ü???
{?T

μ3|￥''??ˉ3a1p#??￥
Y[b

``

oP0) ?YUT￥áH
!
@p?
a¨?Y[T


!
@b

?`
?SY[T["
!9
@yS

?
>`Y[T
êS

``
?S
ê1?Y[T￥SES?
?μ
[


``

N[`V
N]V



?
?s

F2?
S
m

¨
?

c?
?b

``

N[`V
N]V



?
?s
?
1p??Sb

``

N[`V
N]V



?
?s
???¨b

``

N`aZQ



Y[T
á￥9
?ZEb

``

[S]N

Y[Tú?
"db

``

[S]N

NY[T
3áa%i?
b

``-
[
#Y[T9

a
[
#Y[T??b

?
?`[S]NBFN






`[S]N

Ni






@

B

￥=?D2

``[S]N

N?
?Sh]x???

^
W?òS

Y[T["Kè?¨￥Y[T??S-Bb[S]N



N?YV?ì?SY[T["ò?s
!
@￥
!

9a?
a_a?T
[]?Y[T
!
@?"dC

Y[T?
P
i e?￡B?
P7/?￥aTb??=?


^n??
P e?
[#]S?
P?2B￥''1

p???n
@b
??]D??Sb

``[S]N

N[Y[T
3áa%_?#
!
@1

`
?¨i1¤
Y[T["ò
!
@￥
!9a?
?

c
c````````````?`?``y`<``````````````````



M


???
H?N?? I￥

[M1Y¨/
?S

?S

?¨óD

4
]S2B￥''1p?K

?·S
i? a9F
?tY¨/
?S??S?
à

μ
#￥a1?Y[T+
y¨￥]?
Pa]??

￥''1pa??n
@?2B?ZE?K???

Sb

``Y[T
!
@?Y[T%7￥2B?Kv
y7
[S''"

]N

Nμ1Y[T%7a]a????a?T?1

?|??T￥=?KW%b"
%7a5?#Fq

?N?￥M1Y¨S1p?
?W%
a
üY[T%

7?5?
!9a
@y?
a?
a ?¤?Z
?￥?

1p???n
@
?Ta?1[#??Z
?|??T

￥''1p#K?Sb7
ey\
!!a?
!
@a

NV#è
!!￥?
P2BM%71l
yNd

Y[T¨
!!a
!
@o1p??ò1M1S
?F

??n
@￥=?M?
b






`[SN]

N?¨￥Y¨S

``[SN]

N?¨
 ?1

?x?a
?ù?
??


????
ê


{?


??ê￥

[/
?S

D??óqb"

PS_


?
?

?1Y¨/
?

S
?

?x??
?ù?
??
 Vn
?WF?

-
^?<x?

D?

^??
?SSE/
?S￥?

8b[SN]

N?¨￥Y¨/
?S?1
#%7a

5?#Fqah]
!!￥
!9a�
a
@ya_a


kaaS:?
k
[#￡?
?? ??ìu9
?

??Z
?b

@`
?SY[TE?DS￥1?Ds

@
>`AFPS_>F@D[SN]BFN￥μs

``

PS_


D[SN]

N￥"￥??SZ
?M

í
?4Y[Tá
_??
!
@K???1p
[#

ì?S￥
Yf?A?1S￥yTb?
??μBt

uY


``

?S`?]


PS_


§×?Sü??ü

?1paˉ3a''5 ??ayT???1pb

[SN]

N§×?SY[T_??Y[T
!
@
!9a?


a?T|?￥/
????1pb

``

1p§×?]


PS_


 8H {?÷
^

4??p???1pb[SN]

N§×??n


@???/
?1p

ü??? 8??
? 
Tb

``


#a
??]


PS_



#
?

# 8?
ay\1paNV1pa 8
!!￥
!9

?
@y
''1p9÷?4b[S]N

N×?
^Y[T

8
!
@￥
!9D
@y
4￥n
@?1p÷%a÷

8b

``

r ??]
 óù??S

PS_


????


ê[E??
T??
A??ìNv3?
[SN]

N


^SES
ò<?μ1|? V1??vb

@
?`AFPS_>F@D[SN]BFN￥ ó"

``



PS_


v
?¨[SN]

Ni



1?

Y[T
!
@ê?a
!9a
@ya?Ta]￥H {

P1?

?S[S]N

N￥ê?a
!9a
@ya
!!a]1

p?1

PS_


￥?S?? 1p
 μ<??


=? ?
?Y[T
!
@￥ê?a
!9a?
a?T
^

Y[T["??￥×1ì?
Y[T
!!￥ê?a
!9a


@y?￥]?
Pa]??
^[SN]

N￥×??K

W%?s


PS_


￥OaPaQaR0üY[T
!
@

￥ê?a
!9a
@ya
!!?=??¨iT1p


V7
P[S]N

NM1=??1A?<?N
o￥E

?H {
?[SN]

Ni



￥?
?o]a???

?p"


o?p[?￥??H {
$?¨?1



PS_


o0V]p￥??=?b

``



PS_


μ1|?''ì??Ta?a?T?

=?$[SN]

N?¨?v
?

PS_


￥o|?''

ì??Tpao?p
??ósY
1[SN]

N''


??
cQ??
cP
?

PS_


o?Tp?o?1p?

?sH {D[SN]

N???￥H {M]M
?


[SN]

N?T?1?|??T?í?H {
^



PS_


?M]￥H {
?1
^?T??


m¨=

?
a?$??a?T-A?_°￥=?a?ù_?=?

?W?1p
N?


PS_



o?1??as ??

ê?a?
k.
{è5a_°A???%i7aa
K e

?p?=?
7[SN]

N5
Bt
e??n
@

?1pb

``

?Y[T ¤1u?yy￡L  ?￥??




PS_


?[SN]

N??¨

?S8ù?
?￥

￡?
?? ??ìu9
??b

`` Vn
Y[T["￥
!9D5 ?A?N?



PS_



Y[T
!
@￥??
!9a
@yD?1N?



PS_


a
 8n
@aZEay\a?
?? (1p?

¨[SN]

N￥M1H {b

@
@`@@PS_>?DDAFPS_>F@a[SN]BFN￥1?

``

PS_


D

PS_


?S￥
5×?`?

]
sY
a¨?áH?á
) ?Y[T￥
!
@b



PS_



#Y[T_?#
!!

a¨?áHY[T

_?￥
d

!
@b

PS_


o?Z
?áH¨


!
@
?Z
v
üa
?h$a/áWY??b



PS_


]"YV?¨[SN]

N￥M1H {
P

c
c?

 ?
ù``````````````````?`?`ì``````````````

[SN]

N??s1??1pM1E?<????

1pb

``′¤?i￥
^
?S óùE?

PS_


?



PS_


?
H
??¨￥sY
^[SN]

N￥





?''?



?''
?tE?"-
?Sˉ?
a¨by

N
Na[S]N

N￥?è?

?K?￥



?


@

B




?￥?è9?=?E
p

? <??
?μD

E?M·(￥?è?[E?1


@

B

b

A`
± ID1k

``


?Sμ
êsYE
paE???<B,a

s ?
???ˉ￥E?aE?
?¨
??a
a¨?<



P¨?^?°D
P¨b

``


?SY[T? ? V?2#??￥["Y

VE
paE?aSES
?aQ
sYY[TM1

5 ??aü??ay?
!9
@y?T?

d?Y[T[

"M1|
￥?1?yTé??Sb??GE?
P?

?·??S5ˉ?Dˉ3
??GE??￥K???

S[E??
T?è"<μ ?￥?Sr ?
1??/


?S￥T¨YV$E??¨7vvFpaE

?aSES
?aQs
ü
1"
ü?a
áM7?oM

?
Y[T["òì?￥5 ??8
ü?
ˉ3a??b

#
V?4?±4aV5 ???/
?n
@
?
?é?

???S
Y[T["??????adBa?èax

?a SD￥??p?S8"
p??b

``


?S?×|￥?1?yT????￥pT

¨bYV?ì?SY[T["M1|?￥''ìaˉ3

??1 ?E
?Y[T["￥?B?2]
p?

?b[E??
T1pM1|?Y[T
!
@￥ê?a


!9a?
a?Ta?1òì??
?W I
nò??B?

?Yy
í
A? I
n??]Sn
@????T??$

Z?
???b7Y[T[" 8?¨￥??/


?Dn
@5[S￥?
Té?1p

PM1|?μ?

v￥ê4S??
2?

=μ
? Sù?Z?¨5é/


?￥?1b

``


?SY[T["￥
êE?DSES ([

p??17?
??K?1p￥??Sb/
?

?S5?¨1?e5
OY[T¨/
?S



v
?¨Y¨/
?Sb

``


?SY[T¨??S[S]N

N[]a

h]??1?L
? Ia?¨


[
edY[T

¨/
?S

H {
?ù?á

Pv
Y¨/
?S

SDax?adB11Y[T["
?¨
? a??


Y[T
!
@￥
!9a?
a?Ta?1?￥??/
??1

p
1Y[T["??4??
?￥p
i$ óù

E??¨a
 μM?￥<??báS??a°¤

?[S]N

N1wi?SESdD?
êl
e

μ￥T¨b

`` Vn

?SY[T??E??S??=??

/
?n
@
7O8"2#Mo1"
-
^T

¨o? (′¤á
ì1kb

?` I`ó`D


@

B|r
ù
?? ?)
R 7?
S?üáSS?y
!￥


U
@W
B
 S/5 ?ù?













''"






@

Baur\ssvpr|s?urYn?_r?v?v|{P|?{?ry|s?urb
`
U|??r

|s_r}r?r{?n?v?r?
b
`
P|qrav?yr


an{?}|?n?v|{


@RO
\Y
B
b`T]\






''"

''"



@



''"

''"


B
u??}
?

???
t}|nppr??
t|?
??p|qr
o|??r
u?zy



@

BQr}n?zr{?|san{?}|?n?v|{
PS_av?yr

]n?


''"Yv~''"

?rsvrq{n??nytn?snpvyv?vr?
srqrny?nsr????n{qnq?
@RO


\Y
B
b`
T]\






''"

''"



@



''"

''"


B
u??}
?rps


t}|nppr??
t|?
ptv
?
?r??
?r??''"vq?
$p
"rps3?}y
"
rps''"

o|??r
av?yr




ps



Dznv{
D


?}y



@

BQr}n?zr{?|sU|zryn{q`rp?v??
PS_av?yr

]n?


''"

dn?rs|{?snpvyv?vr?un{qyv{tyv~?rsvrq{n??nytn?n{qyv~''"

?rsvrqun?nq|??tn?
@RO
\Y
B
b`T]\






''"

''"





@



''"

''"


B
u??}
?rps
t}|nppr??
t|?
ptv
?
?r??
?r??''"

vq?
$p
"rps3?}y
"
rpso|??r
av?yr




ps



Dznv{
D




?}y



@

Barpu{vpnyP|zzv??rr|{Yv~?rsvrq[n??nyTn?
[S]N



N




`?n{qnqs|?ur}|q?p?v|{
??|ntr
n{qun{''"

qyv{t|syv~?rsvrq{n??nytn?

Y[T

@`
B
^?v{p?
b`N


[n?v|{nySvr]|?rp?v|{N??|pvn?v|{








@

Barpu{vpnyP|zzv??rr|{Yv~?rsvrq[n??nyTn?
[S]N



N




`?n{qnqs|?ur}|q?p?v|{
??|ntrn{qun{''"

qyv{t|syv~?rsvrq{n??nytn?

Y[T

@`
B
^?v{p?
b`N


[n?v|{nySvr]|?rp?v|{N??|pvn?v|{








@

B_NW]UN[VX
YRZ\SSaUR\Q\_R
_v?xn{ny??v?

on?rqY[Tsnpvyv???v?v{t??n{qnqv{[S]N

N
@W
B
W|?''"

{ny|sY|??]r?r{?v|{v{?ur]|pr??V{q???vr?















''"








là°ù`



''"

''"

`I`u`W


c
c````````````?`?``y`<``````````````````



M