KidneyDiseaseandHeartDiseaseSpurEachOther
肾脏病和心脏病相互促进
Heartsandkidneys:Ifone’sdiseased,betterkeepacloseeyeontheother.Surprisingnewresearchshowskidneydiseasesomehowspeedsupheartdiseasewellbeforeithasravagedthekidneys.Andperhapsnotsosurprising,doctorshavefinallyproventhatheartdiseasecantriggerkidneydestruction,too.心脏和肾脏：如果一个人的病，更好地保持在其他密切关注。令人惊讶的新研究显示，肾脏疾病的某种速度心脏病之前它已破坏肾脏。也许并不奇怪，医生终于证明，心脏疾病可引发肾脏的破坏，也。
Thework,fromtwostudiesinvolvingover50,000patients,promisestoboosteffortstodiagnosesimmeringkidneydiseaseearlier.Allittakesareurineandbloodteststhatcostlessthan$25,somethingproponentswanttobecomeasroutineascholesterolchecks.“Theaveragepatientknowstheircholesterol,”saysDr.PeterMcCullough,preventivemedicinechiefatMichigan’sWilliamBeaumontHospital.“Theaveragepatienthasnoideaoftheirkidneyfunction.”从两个5万多名患者进行的研究工作，承诺加大力度诊断肾脏疾病的早期一触即发。它采取的所有的尿液和血液化验，成本不到25美元，一些支持者希望变得像胆固醇检查常规。“一般的病人都知道他们的胆固醇，”彼得麦卡洛博士说，美国密歇根州威廉博蒙特医院的预防医学负责。“一般的病人没有自己肾功能的想法。”
Chronickidneydisease,orCKD,isaquietepidemic:Manyofthe19millionAmericansestimatedtohaveitdon’tknowtheydo.Thekidneyslosetheirabilitytofilterwasteoutofthebloodstreamsoslowlythatsymptomsaren''tobviousuntiltheorgansareverydamaged.End-stagekidneyfailureisrisingfast,with400,000peoplerequiringdialysisoratransplanttosurvive,atollthathasdoubledineachofthelasttwodecades,慢性肾脏疾病或慢性肾病，是一个安静的流行：1900万人，估计有很多美国人不知道是他们做的。肾脏失去从血液中，使他们有能力慢慢过滤废物的症状并不明显，直到机关是非常损坏。终末期肾衰竭正在迅速成长，有40万人需要血液透析或移植生存，一个已经在过去20年翻了一倍收费，
AndwhileCKDpatientsoftenareterrifiedofhavingtogoondialysis,thehardtruthisthatmostwilldieofheartdiseasebeforetheirkidneysdisintegratetothatpoint,somethingkidneyspecialistshaverecognizedforseveralyearsbutisn''twidelyknown,Indeed,thenewresearchishighlightedinthismonth''sArchivesofInternalMedicinewithacallfordoctorswhocareforheartpatientstostartrigorouslycheckingoutthekidneys,andforbettercareofearlykidneydisease.虽然肾病患者往往不得不继续透析吓坏了，冷酷的现实是，大多数会死于心脏疾病对肾脏解体前的这一点，一些肾脏专家确认了好几年，但并不广为人知，事实上，新的研究强调了本月的内科医学档案的医生谁心脏病病人的护理要求，开始进行严格检查肾脏，并为更好地照顾早期肾脏疾病。
Thelinksoundslogical.Afterall,highbloodpressureanddiabetesarechiefriskfactorsforbothchronickidneydiseaseandheartattacks.Butthelinkgoesbeyonthoseriskfactors,stressesMcCullough:Oncethekidneysbegintofail,somethinginturnacceleratesheartdisease,notjustintheobviouslysickorveryold,butatwhathecalls“ashockinglyearlyage.”McCulloughandcolleaguestrackedmorethan37,000relativelyyoungpeople—averageage53—whovolunteeredforakidneyscreening.Threemarkersofkidneyfunctionwerechecked:Therateatwhichkidneysfilterblood,calledtheGFRorglomerularfiltrationrate;levelsoftheproteinalbuminintheurineandiftheywereanemic.Theyalsowereaskedaboutpreviouslydiagnosedheartdisease.该链接听起来合乎逻辑。毕竟，高血压，糖尿病为慢性肾脏病和心脏病的首席风险因素。但超过的危险因素，强调麦卡洛：一旦肾脏开始出现问题，反过来又加速心脏病的东西，不只是在生病或明显很老，但他所说的“一个令人震惊的早期时代。”McCullough和同事追踪超过37,000名相对年轻的人，平均年龄53-谁自愿的肾脏检查。三肾功能指标进行了检查：在速率肾脏过滤血液的，称为肾小球滤过率或肾小球滤过率;有关的尿蛋白水平，如果他们是贫血。他们也被问及曾被诊断心脏病。
Theoddsofhavingheartdiseaserosesteadilyaseachofthekidneymarkersworsened.Morestrikingwasthedeathdata.Atthisage,fewdeathsareexpected,andindeedjust191peoplediedduringthestudyperiod.ButthosewhohadbothCKDandknownheartdiseasehadathreefoldincreasedriskofdeathinamere21/2years,mostlyfromheartproblems.“Thisstudyisverymuchawake-upcall,”McCulloughsays.对有心脏病的机率上升，作为生理指标的每一个不断恶化。更令人惊奇的是死亡的数据。在这个年龄段，预计死亡人数很少，甚至只有191人在研究期间死亡。但这些都谁在慢性肾病和已知的心脏病已经在短短21/2年死亡的风险增加3倍，主要是心脏的问题。“这项研究是一个很有敲响了警钟，”麦卡洛说。
练习：
1.Howcanonelearnearlierwhetherheorshesuffersimmeringkidneydisease?怎么能知道刚才他或她是否患有肾脏疾病的酝酿？
BByurineandbloodtests.通过尿液和血液化验。
2.HowmanyAmericanssufferchronickidneydiseaseaccordingtoanestimation?有多少美国人患有慢性肾脏疾病据估计？
A1,9,000,000.
3.HowmanyAmericanssufferedend-stagekidneyfailureandrequireddialysisoratransplanttosurvivetwentyyearsagoaccordingtoanestimation?有多少美国人因终末期肾功能衰竭，需要透析或移植生存二十年前，据估计？
D100,000.
4.WhatdidtheArchivesofInternalMedicinecallfordoctorscaringforheartpatientstodo?什么为照顾病人心脏做医生的内科医学档案电话？
DTostartrigorouslycheckingouttheirpatients''kidneys.要开始严格检查出病人的肾脏。
5.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthethreemarkersofkidneyfunction?以下哪一项不是对肾功能的三个指标之一？
BLevelsofthewhitebloodcellsintheblood.各级血液中的白血球。
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