配色: 字号:
Noun_Clauses
2013-03-28 | 阅:  转:  |  分享 
  
NounClausesDefinition在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(NounClauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于
名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句
、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词连词:that(无任何词意)whether,if(均表示“是
否”表明从句内容的不确定性)asif,asthough(均表示“好像”,“似乎”)以上在从句中均不充当任何成分e.g.
Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.Everythingde
pendsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.连接代词:what,whatever,who
,whoever,whom,whose,whichever,whomevere.g.Whowillwin
thematchisstillunknown.Whathewantstotellusisnot
clear.连接副词:when,where,how,why,howmany,howmuch,howoft
ene.g.WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbe
enannounced.Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.Cate
gory主语从句(Subjectclause)宾语从句(Objectclause)表语从句(Presentat
iveclause)同位语从句(Appositiveclause)主语从句Definition作句子主语的从句叫主
语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoeve
r以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己
的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。e.g.Thathefinishedwritingthecomp
ositioninsuchashorttimesurprisedusall.Whetherwewillgo
foranoutingtomorrowremainsunknown.Whowillbeourmonitor
hasn''tbeendecidedyet.Whomwemuststudyforisaquestionof
greatimportance.宾语从句Definition名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语
从句表语从句的关联词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1.由连接词that引导的宾语从句。由连接词t
hat引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可
省。e.g.HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.
Wemustneverthink(that)wearegoodineverythingwhileothe
rsaregoodinnothing.注意:在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist,
desire,request,command,doubt等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“(shou
ld)+动词原形”。(subjunctivemood)e.g.Iinsistthatshe(should)
doherworkalone.Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)
setoffatonce.2.用who,whom,which,whose,what,when,where
,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,应注意句子
语序要用陈述语序。e.g.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Shealwa
ysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.3.用whether或if引导的宾语从句,其主语和谓语
的顺序也不能颠倒,仍保持陈述句语序。此外,whether与if在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whethe
r,不用if:a.引导主语从句并在句首时;b.引导表语从句时;c.引导从句作介词宾语时;d.从句后有“ornot”时;
e.后接动词不定式时。e.g.:Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninter
estingquestion.Thequestioniswhethersheshouldhavealowo
pinionofthetest?4.注意宾语从句中的时态呼应,当主句动词是现在时,从句根据自身的句子情况,而使用不同时
态;当主句动词是过去时态(could,would除外),从句则要用相应的过去时态,如一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时等;当从
句表示的是客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,则从句仍用现在时态。e.g.Iknow(that)hewillstudy
Englishnextyear.TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusfor
America.5.think,believe,imagine,suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中,要把上述
主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。e.g.Wedon’tthinkyouarehere.
Idon’tbelievehewilldoso.表语从句Definition在句中作表语的从句叫表语从
句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用asif引导。其基本结构为:主语+系动
词+that从句。e.g.Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.That
’sjustwhatIwant.That’sjustwhatIwant.注意:当主语是reason时
,表语从句要用why引导而不是because。e.g.Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthat
hemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.注意:whether可引导表语
从句,但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。同位语从句Definition同位语从句说明其前面的名词的
具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导,可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、ide
a、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request
、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。e.g.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.
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