thePresentPerfectTense1.Myfatherboughtmanybooksformeyester
day.Now,Ihavealottoreadbecause_______________________
_________2.Isawthisfilmlastweek.Now,Iknowthisfilmbec
auseI_____________________.3.Ididmyhomeworkyesterday.Now
,IcangiveittotheteacherbecauseI______________“仍然，还”用在
疑问句和否定句中，放在句末。Ihaven’treadthisbookyet.Haveyouhadbreakf
astyet?“从来不”用在否定句中,放在句中。Ishefamous?Ihaveneverheardof
him.“以前”用在完成时中，放在句末。Ｉhaveneverreadthiskindofbooksbefor
e.1.Iamadoctor.IbegantoworkwhenIwas22.Now,Iam26.
I________forfouryears.2.WewenttotheUSAlastMonday.To
dayisMonday.We_________(stay)intheUSAsincelastMonday
.sinceandfor一、用for和since填空。______threehours______threeo
’clock______twodays______yesterdayafternoon______Icamehere
______lastSunday1.They’veknowneachothersince_______.
A.1995B.threeyears2.I’vebeeninterestedinChin
esefor______.A.lastyearB.oneyear3.Shehasbee
nadoctorfor______.A.twoyearsB.twoyearsago
4.I’vehadaheadachesince_______.A.Igotupthismo
rningB.fivehours5.We’vebeenherefor______.A.on
ehourB.oneo’clock6.Myparentshaveownedthishou
sefor______.A.alongtimeB.manyyearsago7.They’vebe
eninlovesince______.A.lastspringB.threemonths8
.Wehaveknowneachothersince_____.A.oneyearB.
lastyear9.--Howlonghaveyoubeenlikethis?--Since_____
_.A.lastnightB.twodays10.--Howlonghassheworkedher
e?--Shehasworkedherefor_____.A.1993B.sixyea
rsExercise根据所给情况，用just,already或yet造句。1.Afterlunchyougoto
seeafriendatherhouse.Shesays‘Wouldyoulikesomethingto
eat?’Yousay:No,thankyou._______________(havelunch)2.Joe
goesout.Fiveminuteslater,thephoneringsandthecallersays
‘CanIspeaktoJoe?’Yousay:I’mafraid_________________.(go
out)3.Youareeatinginarestaurantthisevening.Thewaiter
thinksyouhavefinishedandstartstotakeyourplateaway.Yous
ay:Waitamoment!_______________________(not/finish)4.Y
ouaregoingtoarestaurantthisevening.Youphonetoreserve(预
定）atable.Lateryourfriendsays‘ShallIphonetoreserveatab
le?’Yousay:No,__________________it(do)不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词巧记规律
AAA:put–put–putlet—let–letABA:become—became—becomeABB
:stand—stood—stoodABC:eat—ate—eatenAAAcost-cost-cost
read-read-readput-put-putcut-c
ut-cutlet-let-letset-set-setbeat-beat
-beathit-hit-hit
hurt-hurt-hurtspit-spit-spit
rid-rid-rid一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。特殊：动词
read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致，read-read-read，但发音分别是[ri:d]-[red]-[red]。
总结现在完成时：1、构成：have/has+过去分词。2、概念：(1)表示过去或已经完成的某一动作对现在成的影响或结
果。常与下列状语连用:already,just,yet,ever,never,before(2)表示过去已经发生，持续
到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用。a.for和表示一段时间的词组
连用。如：for3yearsb.since和表示过去某一时刻的词或词组连用。如：since1997,sincet
woyearsago,sincelastweekABCgrow,blow,know,throw,draw
-own-ew-ow（aw）drive,rise,ride,write-n-o--i-sink,swim,drin
k,ring,sing,begin-u--a--i-wear,bear,tear-orn-ore-earstea
l-olen-ole-ealbreak,speak-oken-oke-eak例词过去分词过去式原型ABC
有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en，变成以en结尾的单词。take-took-tak
engive-gave-givenfall-fell-fallen
eat-ate-eatenwrite-wrote-writtenspeak-spoke-spo
kenfreeze-froze-frozenride-rode-riddenget-got-gott
en(got)forget-forgot-forgotten(forgot)特殊：am/is-was-been
are-were-been,do(does)-did-donego-went-gonesee-saw-
seenshow-showed-shown(showed)lie-lay(lied)-lain
(lied)比较现在完成时和过去时的区别：现在完成时所表示的是过去的发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，强调的是现在的情况
，所以不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday，lastnight,threeweeksago,in199
0。一般过去时表示的是过去发生的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。Ihaveseenth
efilm.(我了解这部电影的内容。)Isawthefilmlastweek.（只说明上星期看了这部电影，不涉及现在
的情况。）现在完成时助动词have(has)+过去分词donepastnowYesterday,we
cleanedtheclassroom.Now,theclassroomiscleanbecausew
ehavecleanedit.用法1强调过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果或影响myfatherhasbough
tmanybooksforme.haveseenitbeforehavedoneit.already:
Yet:“已经”通常用于肯定句中,放在句中。Ihavealreadyreadthisbook.有时，也用在疑问
句中表示惊讶。Haveyoueatenupallthefoodalready?evernever“曾
经”通常用于疑问句和肯定句中,放在句中。Ihaveeverseenthisfilm.Haveyoueverb
eentotheUSA?justbefore“刚刚”用在陈述句中,放在句中。Ihavejustbough
tanovel。Shebegantoworkin2005.Shestillworksherenow.
Shehasworkedatthisschoolfor3years.nowpastIbegan
toteachEnglishatthisschoolfiveyearsago.Ihavetaught
Englishatthisschoolforfiveyears.用法2：过去发生的动作一直延续到现在。h
aveworkedhavestayedThewomanhasworkedatthisschoolfor2
years.(sincetwoyearsago)since2yearsagosince1998sinces
hecametotheschool)for+时间段since+时间点for2years/alongtim
e_______aweek_______alongtime_______1997______twoweeks
_______threeyearsago_______lastmonthforsinceforsincesi
ncesinceforforsinceforsincesinceAABABAABABheha
sjustgoneoutI’vejusthadlunch.Ihaven’tfinishedityet.I
havealreadydone1.现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已完成的动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果,也就是说,动作或
状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.Ihavelostmywallet.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Jane
hasjusthadit.(含义是:简现在不饿了.)Michaelhasbeenill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚
弱)Hehasreturnedfromabroad.(含义是:现在已在此地)2.现在完成时可以用来表示发生在
过去某一时刻一直持续到现在的动作和状态,常与表示持续的时间状语连用.表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词。Ihaven’
tseenherthesedays.Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.Ihave
livedheresince1998.3.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already,yet,
just,before,recently,still,lately等:Hehasalreadyobtained
ascholarship.Ihaven''tseenmuchofhimrecently(lately).W
ehaveseenthatfilmbefore.Havetheyfoundthemissingchild
yet？4.现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often,sometimes,ever,never,twic
e,onseveraloccasion等:HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing？Iha
veneverheardofBunny.Ihaveusedthispenonlythreetimes.
Georgehasmetthatgentlemanonseveraloccasions.5.现在完成时还往往
可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now,now,just,today,thismorning/week/mont
h/year,uptothesefewdays/weeks/months/years,,uptopresent,
sofar等:Peterhaswrittensixpaperssofar.Manhasnowlear
nedtoreleaseenergyfromthenucleusoftheatom.Therehasbe
entoomuchraininSanFranciscothisyear.Uptothepresente
verythinghasbeensuccessful.6.现在完成时表示现在之前已完成的动作,虽然其效果或影响仍然存在
但已不再继续,但是有一些现在完成时的句子,在后面加上for+一段时间,则现在完成时的动作就表示延续性.Thomashas
studiedRussian.(现在不再学俄语)ThomashasstudiedRussianforthree
years.(=ThomasbegantostudyRussianthreeyearsago,andisst
illstudyingitnow.(同第2点用法第一个例句)现在完成时的“完成”和“未完成”用法7.现在完成时还可以
用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.Wehavehadfourtextsthissemeste
r.have(has)gone和have(has)been的区别1.have(has)gone表示“已经去某地了
”ShehasgonetoShanghai.(她可能已在去上海的路上，或已到上海，总之现在不在这里。)2.have
(has)been表示“曾经去过某地”ShehasbeentoShanghaithreetimes.(她已经不在上
海，只说明她曾经去过。)非延续性动词不能与时间段连用：go/come/begin/start/die/buy/borrow/s
ell/leave/arrive/receive/become等词语是瞬间动词表示的动作是一时的，不能延续，不能与for、sin
ce等表示一段时间的词连用，也不能用于howlong引导的疑问句中。如不能说：Hehasborrowedthebook
fortwomonths.(ⅹ)但可以说：Hehaskeptthebookfor2months.或：It
hasbeen2monthssinceheborrowedthebook.或：Twomonthshasp
assedsinceheborrowedthebook.这些瞬间动词常与它对应的可以表示时间段的词语进行互换。be
come—beborrow—keepbuy—havebegin(start)
—beonopen—beopendie—bedeadleave--beaway
come--behere/ingoout—beoutjoin--beamember/bein
begintostudy--study注明：非延续性动词在否定结构中可用于现在完成时态：Ihaven’tbough
tanythingfortwodays.动词的过去分词的规则变化，在动词后加ed，规则变化有以下四种：①原形+ed?
如：worked,?passed?②词尾是e时，直接加d?如：liked??lived③若词尾为“辅音字母加y”，
则改y为i加ed。词尾为“元音字母+y”时，直接加d；如:?played??stayed??studied??cried?④
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节是，双写最后一个辅音字母加ed.如：?stopped?dropped动词的过去分词的规则
变化有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的:run-ran-runcome-came-comebecome-beca
me-becomeovercome-overcame-overcomeABAmeet,feed-e--e--ee-
例词过去分词过去式原型catch,teach-aught-aughtbring,buy,fight,think-o
ught-oughtburn,learn,mean-nt-nt-nsay,pay,lay-aid-aid-aylend,spend,send,build-t-t-dsell,tell-old-old-ellkeep,sweep,sleep-ept-ept-eepABB(含规则动词)1.另有一些其它形式的变化。have(has)-had-hadleave-left-leftlose-lost-lostmake-made-madefeel-felt-feltspell-spelt-speltstand-stood-stood2.改变单词中间元音字母。sit-sat-sat(babysit)win-won-wonshine-shone-shonehold-held-heldfind-found-foundhear-heard-heardhang-hung(hanged)-hung(hanged)ABB(含规则动词) |
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