2010年江苏省高考考试说明阅读理解要求:(1)理解语篇主旨大意(2)理解文中的具体信息(3)根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义(4
)根据文中的事实和线索作出简单的判断和推理(5)理解文章的基本结构和文脉逻辑关系(6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度(7)用恰当
的词语补全文章提纲、概括关键内容或作要词词语转换
TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisand
decidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUn
iversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchool
and,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalb
ackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida
.Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat______.A.Tom,whohad
studiedatParisUniversitiesforfouryears,movedtoano
theruniversity.B.Tombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfrom
HarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege.C.Tomw
asanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedatBerlinuniversit
y.D.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.二、细节理解题事实细节类题目常见的设问方式
：Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?Chooset
herightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage.Allofthefol
lowingstatementsmaybetrueexcept_______.Whichofthefollow
ingisnottheresultof___?Whichofthefollowingisthemainf
eatureof______?Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?三、推理判断题推理
判断题常见句型：1.Fromthelastparagraph,wecaninferthat________.2
.Followingthelastparagraph,theauthorwillperhaps____.3.Th
etextisintendedto________.4.Bythispassagetheauthormain
lywanttosay_______.5.Itcanbeinferredfromtheexampletha
t________.6.Thetextismostprobablytakenfrom_______.7.What
lessoncanwelearnfromthepassage?It’snoteasybeing
ateenager（13至19岁青少年）—norisiteasybeingtheparentofateenag
er.Youcanmakeyourchildfeelangry,hurt,ormisunderstoodby
whatyousaywithoutrealizingityourself.Itisimportanttog
iveyourchildthespaceheneedstogrowwhilegentlylettinghi
mknowthatyouyou’llstillbethereforhimwhenheneedsyou.
Expectalotfromyourchild,justnoteverythingelseope
ntodiscussion.Ifyourchildisunwillingtodiscusssomething,
don’tinsisthetellyouwhat’sonhismind.Themoreyouinsist
,themorelikelythathe’llclarnup.Instead,lethimattempt
tosolve（解决）thingsbyhimself.Atthesametime,remindhimthat
you’realwaysthereforhimshouldheseekadviceorhelp.Showr
espectforyourteenager’sprivacy（隐私）.Neverreadhimhismail
orlisteninonpersonalconversions.Teachyourteenagerth
atthefamilyphoneisforthewholefamily.Ifyourchildtalks
onthefamily’stelephonefortoolong,tellhimhecantalkfor1
5minutes,butthenhemuststayoffthephoneforatleastaneq
ualperiodoftime.Thisnotonlyfreesupthelinesothatother
familymemberscanmakeandreceivecalls,butteachesyourteen
agermoderation（节制）.Orifyouareopentotheidea,allowyourt
eenagerhisownphonethathepaysforwithhisownpocketmoney
orapart–timejob68.Themainpurposeofthetextistot
ellparents_____________.A.howtogetalongwithateenag
erB.howtorespectateenagerC.howtounderstanda
teenagerD.howtohelpateenagergrowupWhyisn’tyou
rnewspaperreportinganygoodnews？AllIreadaboutismurder,b
ribery(行贿)，anddeath.Frankly，I’msickofallthisbadnews.T
hisauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto_____
.A.complainB.apologizeC.amuseD.inform推断题的解题技巧①
对作者意图和目的的推理。考生可以利用确定中心思想(主旨)的方法先确定短文的主题和大意，然后分析句子之间的关系，在全面理解原
文的基础上，推测出作者的写作意图和目的。②针对作者态度、语气、风格、倾向的推理.作者写文章时，经常持有某种态
度或倾向。作者的语气和态度往往并不直接在文章中写出来。有时通过全文的叙述，考生可以从文章中领悟作者的观点；有时可以通过对作者使用
的词汇(多为形容词和副词)的分析，来推断出作者的态度和感情，例如作者对某一观点是赞成还是反对，是主观批评还是客观陈述。③数字的推
断④细节的推断四、猜测词/句意题9)根据标点符号推测词义。这类标点符号通常为括号、冒号、破折号、逗号等。T
helargestplayer–ShanghaiBashiTourismCarCenteroffersawi
devarietyofchoices–deluxesedans,minivans,stationwagons,
coaches.Santanasedansarethebigfavorite.…Thewords“delu
xesedans,”“minivans”and“stationwagons”usedinthetextrefe
rto____.A.carsinthemakingB.carrentalfirms
C.carsforrentD.carmakers11）词组推测。尽可能利用生
词所在上下文猜测词义，利用所熟悉的单词和词组和上下文档中以知的部分进行逻辑上的推理。Rainforestsliketh
eAmazonareimportantmoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhel
pingtoshowtheglobalwarming.CurrentlythetreeintheAmazo
ntakeinaround500milliontonsofCO2eachyear:equaltothe
totalamountofCO2givingoffintheUKeachyear.Theunderli
nedphrase“moppingup”means____.A.cleaningupB.t
akinginC.wipingupD.givingoutFindthemeani
ngoftheunderlinedpartasquicklyaspossible1.Archaeology
isthestudyoftheburiedremainsofancienttimes,suchashou
ses,pots,toolsandweapons.??A.地理学??B.生态学C.心理
学??D.考古学2.Thefootballgamewasgettingmoreandmoree
xciting,however,theoldladywasstillasdozyassheusuallyw
as.??A.昏昏欲睡的??B.亢奋的C.欣喜若狂的D.麻木的3.Shedidnoth
earwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherrea
ding.A.心不在焉的B.紧张的C.全神贯注的??D.睡意浓的4.Justfor
fun,theydecidedtotryaverycircuitouscountryroadinstead
ofthemoredirecthighway.??A.direct??B.indirect??C.
straight5.Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,b
ecausehewasusingthewrongkey.A.成功的??B.徒劳的C.有效的
??D.匆促的6.Janeisusuallypromptforallherclasses，but
shearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.A．lateB．ont
imeC．pleased7.Tomsawanowllastnightbutitflewaway
whenhegotnear．A.abirdB．ananimalC．thesun8.T
hefreshtroutisverycheap,butIdon’tknowhowtocookit．
A．fishB．fruitC．apple9.Theboywantstorideabrownpo
ny.A．dogB．catC．horse10.Apersonwhoisskilledatmak
ingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenterA木匠B
动物学家C牧人Exercise(山东高考2009)exerciseexerciseHomeworkReview
whatwehavelearnedtodayFinishapassageonyourpaper1.主旨大意
题必须通盘考虑,取主题,舍枝节。符合原文的答案＝正确答案≠最佳答案2.文章中的数字、日期、时间、表限量的词或短语等都是细
节设题的重点,若只注意明显的内容,而不注意虚的内容,想当然答题多半会错.因此，必须学会“虚实结合”3.推测题必须
所选有据,避免主观,必须以作者的思维模式为准绳,以原文提供的事实、细节逻辑关系为自己思维活动的基准点，切忌把自己的观点和看法与原文
或作者的观点和看法混为一谈.4.猜测题多观察，注意方法，切勿蛮干牛刀小试1.Thetextismainly
about______.???A.thepriceofcigarettes?????C.theeffectof
tobaccotaxincreaseB.therateofteensmokingD.thediff
erencesintobaccotaxrate2.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisasu
rprise???A.Teensmokersarepricesensitive.?B.Somest
atesstillkeepthetobaccotaxlow.??C.Tobaccotaxesimprove
publichealth.?D.Tobaccoindustryfiercelyfightsthetaxr
ise.3.Theunderlinedword"deter"inParagraph3mostprobablym
eans?????.???A.discourage??B.remove???C.benefit?????D.f
ree4.Rogers’attitudetowardsthelow-incomesmokersmightbet
hatof????.???A..tolerance??B.unconcern???C.doubt??D
.sympathy5.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph???A.Th
enewtaxwillbebeneficialinthelongrun.??B.Low-incomeA
mericansaremorelikelytofallill.??C.Futuregenerationsw
illbehookedonsmoking.??D.Adultswilldependmoreontheir
families.1.Fewlawsaresoeffectivethat?youcanseeresul
tsjustdaysaftertheytakeeffect.Butintheninedayssincet
hefederalcigarettetaxmorethandoubled-----to$1.01perpack-
---smokershavejammedtelephone”quitlines”acrossthecountry
seekingtokickthehabit.???2.Thisisnotasurprisetopublic
healthadvocates.They’vestudiedtheeffectofstatetaxincrea
sesforyears,findingthatsmokers,especiallyteens,areprice
sensitive,Norisitashocktotheindustry,whichfiercelyfig
htseverytaxincrease.???3.Theonlywonderisthatsomanysta
tesinsistonclosingtheirearstothemessage.Tobaccotaxesim
provepublichealth,theyraisemoneyandmostparticularly,the
ydeterpeoplefromtakingupthehabitasteens,whichiswhenn
earlyallsmokersareaddicted.Yettherateoftaxationvariesw
idely.事实细节题解题技巧??1.若针对特殊标点符号,举例子,名人名言出题,只需要阅读符号，例子,名言前后的内容，然后
与选项核对。2.在出现一些关键词，如however、but、moreover、therefore、thus时，要特别注意句子
前后意义的转折，递进，因果等关系。3.细节题的答案一般是同义替换项或者同义转换项4.选项中有绝对语气词的一般不是答案。如：
must,never,themost,all,merely,only,haveto,any,no,completely,none
,等。事实细节题解题技巧5.注意选项中的副词，形容词和介词短语等与原文是否一致。如：mus
t,may,often,should,usually,might,most,moreorless,likely
,all,never，few等存在程度不同，经常被偷换，往往被忽视。6.细节题干扰项特点：与原文内容相反；与原文内容一半
相符，一半不同；叙述过于绝对化；原文没有提及.Atthefootofthesefairymountains,th
evoyagermayhaveseenthelightsmokerisingfromavillage.It
isalittlevillagewithgreatage,havingbeenfoundedbysome
oftheDutchcolonistsandthereweresomeofthehousesofthe
originalsettlerslivingwithinafewyears,builtofsomeyello
wbricksbroughtfromHolland,havinglatticedwindows(格子窗)What
canwelearnfromthethirdparagraph?A.Thereistoomuchthi
cksmokeinthevillage.B.Thevillageisverylargebutitlo
oksoldC.TheoriginalsettlersoncebuiltsomehouseofDutch
styleD.Thevillagewasonceveryrichinresourcestoonarrow
解析：作者一是向读者说明这份报纸上只登载坏新闻，如凶杀、行贿受贿和死亡等；二是在字里行间流露出自己的抱怨情绪（对坏新闻厌恶透了），
故应选A。词义理解题常见的题型有:Theauthorusestheword“…”tomean____.Th
eunderlinedphrase“…”means_____.Accordingtothepassage,the
word“…”means_____.Theword“…”inparagraph…refersto____.
By“…”,theauthormeans_____.whichofthefollowingisclose
stinmeaningto“…”?Whatis“…”?Definitionandexplanation
利用定义和解释猜测词义Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemakesuphismind
todosomething,hewon’tgiveituphalfway.Theunderlined
wordmeans____.A.strongB.firmC.kindD.clever
2)Experience根据普通常识和经验推测生词的词义Mr.BrownisnowworkingatPrinc
etonUniversityfarawayfromhome.Forthisreasonhehastoren
taroomneartheofficewhereheworks.Theunderlinedword“ren
t”refersto____.A.toworktoliveB.toeattoliveC.to
teachtoliveD.topaytouse3)RelatedInformation即根据上下文的语
境来猜测生词的词义。Theofficialaskedthemanwhathisoccupationwas.T
hemantoldhimthatheworkedasanengineer.A.workB.
studyC.nameD.interest4)GuessingfromComparisonan
dContrast根据上下文中的比较、对照关系猜测词义；Thosenewcomerswerenotusedto
thelifeinthesuburbswhichwassodifferentfromthatinsidet
hecity.A.townB.capitalC.country
D.house5)Guessingwordfromdescriptionandexemplification
通过描述和例证猜词Youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals:Readers,ForeignL
anguageTeachinginSchools,orEnglishLearning.A.dictionari
esB.story-booksC.magazinesD.newspapers
6)GuessingwordfromSynonymandAntonym.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词。M
ostwomeninGhana---theeducatedandilliterate,theurbanand
rural,theyoungandold---worktoearnanincomeinadditiont
omaintainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers.Theirreputa
tionforeconomicindependence,self-reliance,andhardworkisw
ellknownandwelldeserved.Theunderlinedword“illiterate”in
thepassagemeans____.A.RepeatedB.reiterate
d.CuneducatedD.sick7)GuessingwordfromCauseand
Result通过原因与结果关系猜词SinceIhavefinishedmypapernow,Iamg
oingtogivemyselfatreattonight.Iamgoingtowatchamovie
oncampus,anactionmoviecalled“FaceOff”.Theunderlined
words“atreat”heremeans____.A.anactionmovieB.someth
ingpleasanttoenjoyC.arestD.someth
ingnicetoeat8)Wordformation即根据前缀、后缀、复合、派生等构词知识判断生词的词义(1)
Overworkmaycausediseases.前缀over-的意思是“过分的、过量的”故overwork的意思应为“工
作过度”。(2)Therewasadissatisfiedlookinthemanager''seyes.sat
isfied的意思是“满意的”，前缀dis-的意思是“不”，故dissatisfied的意思应该是“不满意的”。Agood
teacherworksinquiteadifferentway.Hisaudiencetakeanacti
vepartinhisplay:theyaskandanswerquestions,theyobeyord
ers,andiftheydon’tunderstandsomething,theysayso.Thewo
rd“audience”intheparagraphmeans____.A.students
B.peoplewhowatchaplayC.peoplewhoactonthestageD.
peoplewholistentosomething10）熟词新意…“TheDaveyousawo
nTVwastherealDave,”saysfriendPatWilliams,“Hewasn’tag
reatactororagreatspeaker.HewasjustJoeEverybody.”(02年E篇）
74.“HewasjustJoeEverybody.”(inthelastparagraph)means
_____.A.DavewasfamousB.DavewasordinaryC.Davewa
sshowyD.Davewasshy12）句子推测猜你没商量
Doyouenjoythisfilm?阅读思路分析与解题方法ByChenZhimeiLibao
MiddleSchool111323主旨大意17612009158120082691
200714111200624102200534822004猜测词义分析推理细节理解
观点意图阅读理解题型2.事实细节题3.推理判断题4.猜测词义题1.主旨大意题应试技巧与指
导一、主旨大意题段落（或短文）的主旨大意所设立的常见题型：1.Whatisthemainideaofthi
spassage?2.Whatistheauthor’smainpoint?3.Themainideao
ftheparagraphis_____.4.Whichofthefollowingsentencesbest
expressesthemainidea?5.Whatdoestheparagraphmainlysugge
st?6.Theparagraphcentersonthepointthat__.7.Thetopicse
ntenceofpassageis__?8.Whichisthebesttitle?To
daytheproblemofenvironmenthasbecomemoreandmoreserious.
Theworldpopulationisrising,soquicklythattheworldhasbec
ometoocrowded.Weareusingupournaturalresourcestooquickl
yandatthesametimewearepollutingourenvironmentwithdang
erouschemicals.Ifwecontinuetodothis,humanlifeonearthw
illnotsurvive.１）．文首开门见山,提出主题,随之用细节来解释,支撑或发展主题句所表达的
主题思想.最常见的演绎法写作方式.ShuPulonghashelpedatleast1000peopl
ebitten(咬)bysnakes.“Itwasseeingpeoplewithsnakebites(伤口
)thatledmetothiscareer,"hesaid.In1963,afterhisarmys
ervice,Shuenteredamedicalschoolandlaterbecameadoctorof
Chinesemedicine.Aspartofhisstudieshehadtoworkinthem
ountains.Thereheoftenheardofpeoplewhohadtheirarmsandl
egscutoffafterasnakebiteinordertosavetheirlives."Iw
asgreatlyupsetbythestoryofanoldfarmerImet.Itwasave
ryhotafternoon.Theoldmanwaspullinggrassinhisfieldswhe
nhefeltapaininhislefthand.Heatoncerealizedhehadbee
nbittenbyapoisonoussnake.Innotimehewrappedaclothtigh
tlyaroundhisarmtostopthepoisonspreadingtohisheart.Rus
hinghomeheshouted,Bringmetheknife‘Minuteslaterthemanlo
sthisarmforever.""ThesadstorytouchedmesomuchthatIdec
idedtodevotemyselftohelpingpeoplebittenbysnakes"Shusaid
.2).首尾呼应。为突出主题,作者先提出主题,结尾时再次点出主题,这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见.通常,
前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复,后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味Ahumanbodyappea
rstoberathersoftanddelicate,comparedwiththatofawilda
nimal,butitisactuallysurprisinglystrong.Indeed,itsvery
softnessandloosenessisanadvantage;itmakesmangoodatmovi
ngaboutmovementofalllivingthingsofhisownsize,becausehecandosomanydifferentthingswithhislimbs.Man’sgamesshowhowhecancontrolhisownbody.Nootherlandcreaturecanswimasskillfullyasman;morehassuchvariedgrace;veryfewlivesaslongashe;noneissostronginitsnaturalresistancetodisease.Thereforemanhasagreatadvantageinhisbattleagainsttherisksofdamageanddeaththatthreatenhim.3).文尾在表述细节后,归纳要点,印象,结论建议或结果,以概括主题.这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightinadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhandacamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.4).文中通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出,而后又作进一步的解释,支撑或发展.detaildetaildetail5).无主题句即主题句隐含在全文中,没有明确的主题句.必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。detailsPassageidea |
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