6.你上网多久了?7.我上网三小时了。8.你什么时候开始集邮的？9.我五年前开始集邮的。10.他收集贝壳十年了。
HowlonghaveyoubeensurfingtheInternet?I’vebeensurfingth
eInternetforthreehours.Whendidyoustartcollectingstamps?
Istartedcollectingstampsfiveyearsago.Hehasbeencollecti
ngshellsfortenyears.11、他一直在这条街住了近20年了。12、我打扫房间已经扫了3个小时了。
13、自从4岁起我就一直学英语。14、你六点起就一直在给他讲电话？15、雨下多久了？Ihavebeenclean
ingtheroomforthreehours.Hehasbeenlivinginthestreetfo
rabout20years.I’vebeenstudyingEnglishsinceIwas4years
old.Haveyoubeentalkingwithhimonthephonesince6:00p.m.
?Howlonghasitbeenraining?1.She''s_____________(live)here
eversinceshewasten.2.Bothofthem________________(be)in
Hongkongfortendays.3.Bothofthem____________(come)toHong
kongtendaysago.4.Halfanhour__________(pass)sincethetr
ain__________(leave).5.Mary________(lose)herpen.________y
ou_______(see)ithereandthere6._________you_____(find)
yourwatchyet7.---Areyouthirsty---NoI_________just_____
____(have)someorange.8.We----already_________(return)th
ebook.9.________they_______(build)anewschoolinthevill
age10.I_____________(notfinish)myhomework.Canyouhelpm
e11.Myfather_____(read)thenoveltwice.12.I_________(b
uy)abookjustnow.13.I_________(lost)mywatchyesterday.
14.Myfather___________(read)thisbooksinceyesterday句型转换。
1、Hehasneversurfed,?（改成反意疑问句）2、Theyhavebeen
heresince2000.(对划线部分提问)-----------------------
---------havetheybeenhere?3、Theoldman_______lastyear.He
forayear.(die)4、Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyear
sago.(同义句转换)Thisfactory________fortwentyyear
s.5、MissGaoleftanhourago.(同义句转换)MissGao____________
_______anhourago.6、HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforth
reeyears.（同义句）Hermother_______thePartythreeyears
________.7、TheGreenFamilymovedtoFrancetwoyearsago.(同义句
转换)_______twoyears________theGreenfamilymovedtoFra
nce.8、Thebushasarrivedhere.Itarrivedtenminutesago.(把两个
句子合并成一个句子)___________________________________________1．?H
isfatherdiedtwoyearsago.Hisfather_______________fort
woyears.2.Hehasbeeninthearmyforthreeyears._________
_threeyearssincehe_____thearmy.3.Ibegantostudyatthi
sschoolfiveyearsago.I__________atthisschool_____five
years.4.HaveyouevervisitedBeijing?Haveyouever________
_______?5.Iamateacher.Ibecameateacherfiveyearsago.
I____________________forfiveyears.I________________
_________fiveyearsago.6.Iboughtthecarfiveyearsago.I
__________thecarforfiveyears.7.Ihaveborrowedanewboo
kfromtheschoollibrary.I__________anewbookfromthesch
oollibraryfortwodays.8.Theboyhascomeback.Theboy_____
__________foranhour.9.Thefilmhasbegun.Thefilm_____
_______________fiveminutes.10.Themaninahathasleft.T
hemaninahat____________________halfanhourago.11.Bo
thstudentshaven’tfinishedtheirhomework._______________fi
nishedtheirhomework.动词的过去分词的规则变化，在动词后加ed，规则变化有以下四种：①原形+ed?
如：worked,?passed?②词尾是e时，直接加d?如：liked??lived③若词尾为“辅音字母加y”，则改
y为i加ed。词尾为“元音字母+y”时，直接加d；如:?played??stayed??studied??cried?④末尾
只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节是，双写最后一个辅音字母加ed.如：?stopped?dropped动词的过去分词的规则变化
不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词巧记规律AAA:put–put–putlet—let–letABA:beco
me—became—becomeABB:stand—stood—stoodABC:eat—ate—eatenAAA
cost-cost-costread-read-readput-put-put
cut-cut-cutlet-let-let
set-set-setbeat-beat-beathit-hit-hit
hurt-hurt-hurtspit-spit-
spitrid-rid-rid一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同
的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。特殊：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致，read-read-read，但发音分别是
[ri:d]-[red]-[red]。有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的:run-ran-runcome-came-com
ebecome-became-becomeovercome-overcame-overcomeABA原型过去
式过去分词例词-eep-ept-eptkeep,sweep,sleep-ell-old-oldsell,tel
l-d-t-tlend,spend,send,build-ay-aid-aidsay,pay,lay-n-nt
-ntburn,learn,mean-ee--e--e-meet,feed-ought-oughtbring,b
uy,fight,think-aught-aughtcatch,teachABB(含规则动词)1.另有一些其它形式的变化
。have(has)-had-hadleave-left-leftlose
-lost-lostmake-made-madefeel-
felt-feltspell-spelt-spelt
stand-stood-stood2.改变单词中间元音字母。sit-sat-sat(babysit)
win-won-wonshine-shone-shone
hold-held-heldfind-found-foundh
ear-heard-heardhang-hung(hanged)-hung(hanged)ABB(含规则动词)ABC原
型过去式过去分词例词-eak-oke-okenbreak,speak-eal-ole-olensteal-
ear-ore-ornwear,bear,tear-ow（aw）-ew-owngrow,blow,know,thr
ow,draw-i--a--u-sink,swim,drink,ring,sing,begin-i--o--nd
rive,rise,ride,writeABC有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en，变成以en结尾的单词。
take-took-takengive-gave-givenfall-
fell-falleneat-ate-eatenwrite-wrote-written
speak-spoke-spokenfreeze-froze-frozenride-
rode-riddenget-got-gotten(got)forget-forgot-forgotten(forg
ot)特殊：am/is-was-beenare-were-been,do(does)-did-done
go-went-gonesee-saw-seenshow-showed-shown(show
ed)lie-lay(lied)-lain(lied)现在完成时态ThePresentPerfect
TensestudyEnglishHowlonghaveyoubeenstudyingEnglish?I
havebeenstudyingEnglishfortwoyears.(2009-now)2009started
studyingEnglish2012studying2yearshasbeenstudyingWhendi
dyoustartstudyingEnglish?In2009.现在完成时Presentperfec
ttense 构成:助动词have/has+过去分词1.肯定句现在完成时的肯定句式是“have（has
）＋过去分词”。注意：该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。eg.He
haseatensupper.Theyhaveeatensupper.2.疑问句现在完成时的一般疑问句式
是把助动词have或has提到主语之前。(回答用“Yes，---have/has．／“No，---haven’t/hasn’t．
”）3.否定句：现在完成时的否定句式是“haven''t/hasn''t＋过去分词”。eg.Hasheeate
nsupper?Yes,hehas./No,hehasn’t.eg.Hehasn’teatensuppe
r.Theyhaven’teatensupper.现在完成时态的分类用法一、1。表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的
影响或结果,（强调结果现在还存在）例如Ihavejustcleanedmyclothes.我刚洗过衣服。（“
洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”）Ihavejusthadmybreakfast.(对现
在的影响：不饿)Hashehadhisbreakfast?Yes,hehas.Whend
idhehavehisbreakfast?Hehadbreakfastat6:00.1.My
fatherboughtmanybooksformeyesterday.Now,Ihavealott
oreadbecause________________________________2.Isawthisfil
mlastweek.Now,IknowthisfilmbecauseI_____________________
.3.Ididmyhomeworkyesterday.Now,Icangiveittotheteac
herbecauseI______________myfatherhasboughtmanybooksform
e.haveseenitbeforehavedoneit.通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just(谓语动词
之前)（刚刚）,already（已经(肯定句)）,before,yet（一般疑问(句末）：已经；否定句：还）neve
r,ever(疑问句)twicerecently(近来）等状语连用1Tomhasalrea
dyfinishedhishomework.Tomhasn’tfinishedhishomewo
rkyet.2Ihavejusthadmylunch.Shehasn’ts
eenyoubefore.3Haveyouevereatenfish?Iha
venevereatenfish①Ihaveneverheardofthatbefore.②
Haveyoueverriddenahorse?③Shehasalreadyfinishedthe
work.④Haveyoumilkedthecowyet?Yes,Ihavedo
nethatalready.⑤I’vejustfinishedmyhomework.⑥He
hasnotcomeyet.Exercises1.I________(have)lunchalready.
2.thetrain_______(arrive)yet?3.Tom____never_____
__(be)toChina.4.Thetwin______just_____(see)myfather.5
.Thetwins____(see)myfatherjustnow.6.______youever_____
__(ride)ahorse?Never.havehadHasarrivedh
asbeenhasseensawhaveridden7._____you____
____(clean)theroom?Yes,we__________(do)thatalready.W
hen_______you______(do)it?We_______(do)itanhourago.
8.______he______(see)thisfilmyet?No.When_____he___
__(see)it?He______ittomorrow.9.Howmanytimes_____yo
u______(come)here?Once.Havecleanedhavedonediddodid
Hasseenwillseewillseehavecome1你已经问过这个问题两边了，别再烦我了。2我能借
你的字典用一下吗？对不起，已经借给tom了。3你以前见过她吗？不，从来没有过。4你曾经去过北京吗？是的我去过那儿三次
。5你已经看完那本小说了吗？是的，我已经把它还给图书馆了。用法二：表示过去已经开始，
持续到现在的动作或状态，也可以表示一直持续到现在并可能还将持续下去。A动词使用延续性动词。B和表时间段的时间状语连用。常
与for或since引导的时间连用sofar,upto/tillnow,inthelast/past+一段时间，al
lone’slife,bynow,thesedays,thesedays、fortwoyears、since
1984、sincehecamehereIhaven’tseenherthesedays.Shehas
learntEnglishfor3years/since3yearsago.Theyhavelivedh
eresince1990.WhathashappenedtotheUSAinthelast350yea
rs?注意：(1)since＋一段时间＋ago＝for＋时间段;sincetwoweeksago=
fortwoweeks;Ihavekeptthelibrarybookforaweek.=Iha
vekeptthelibrarybooksinceaweekago.(2)since+时间点＝for＋时间
段since2000=for７years(3)since+从句(常用一般过去时)TheGreens
havelivedinBeijingsincetheymovedtoBeijingfromParis(4)I
tis/hasbeen+一段时间+since从句.自从某事发生已有一段时间了.?Itis/h
asbeentwoyearssincemybrotherjoinedthearmy.一、用for和si
nce填空。______threehours______threeo’clock______twodays_____
_yesterdayafternoon______Icamehere______lastSunday_______a
week_______alongtime_______1997______twoweeks_______thr
eeyearsago_______lastmonthforsinceforsincesincesince
forforsinceforsincesince用for和since填空Theyhavebeenlearnin
gChinese_____theycametoChina.2.Ihaven’tseenher____
_alongtime.3.Hehasbeenlivinghere_____2001.4.Shehas
beendoingherhomework____twohours.5.It’s5years_____
weleftschool.6.–HowlonghasMarybeenateacher?–___
__twoyearsago.sinceforsinceforsinceSince用for或since填空。
1.JillhasbeeninIreland________Monday.2.JillhasbeeninI
reland__________threedays.3.MyaunthaslivedinAustralia____
___15days.4.Margaretisinheroffice.Shehasbeenthere_____
7o''clock.5.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry________1974.
6.Thebusislate.We''vebeenwaiting________20minutes.7.Nobo
dylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenemptymanyyears.8.Mik
ehasbeenill________alongtime.Hehasbeeninhospital______
__October9.It’stenyears______wemeteachotherlasttime.
10.HehastaughtEnglish_______25years.11.TheGreenshave
livedonthefarm______1990.12.Theyhavebeenpracticingth
eguitar_______twohours.13.－Howlonghaveyoubeenareporte
r?－_____8yearsago.14.Ihaven’tgoneforawalkinthe
park________alongtime.15.He’sbeencollectingstamps____
___hewasinprimaryschool.16.Peterhasbeentosummercamp
________3times.1我自从上周三以来都没有看过电视了。2教室这么脏，谁没有扫？3我自从98年来
这儿，一直在二中教英语。4她自从三岁开始一直在这儿住。5在刚刚过去的半年里我已经教了许多好朋友。6你爸爸在那个工厂工
作多久了？自从我们99年搬家来这儿。三、非延续性动词与现在完成时短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：b
ecome,begin,buy,borrow,arrive,come,die,fall,finish,gett
oknow,go,join,leave,marry等。为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词have，keep等来代
替非延续性动词。他入党五年了。HejoinedthePartyfiveyearsago.——Hehasbee
ninthePartyforfiveyears.——HehasbeenaPartymemberforf
iveyears.——itisfiveyearssincehejoinedtheParty电影开始五分钟了。
Thefilmbeganfiveminutesago.——Thefilmhasbeenonforfive
minutes.——Itisfiveminutessincethefilmbegan常见非延续性动词和延续性
动词的转变第一类：动词be+adj.die
finishopen/closefallill/asleepmarrysb/getmar
riedto第二类：动词be+介词.start/beginleavejoinbe
deadbeawayfrombein/beamemberofbeopen/closedbeonbeo
verbeill/asleepbemarriedto第三类：动词另一个动词buyborro
wget/beginto延续性v.becomeputoneg.keephavebe延续性v.wear
Hisfatherdied2yearsago.Thefootballmatchbeganat9:00a.
m.Thetwinsjoinedthearmywhentheywere18yearsold.Myt
eacherleftNanjing3daysago.Hisfatherhasbeendeadfor2
years/sincetwoyears.Thefootballmatchhasbeenonsince9:00
a.m.Thetwinshavebeensoldiers/inthearmy、membersofthearm
ysincetheywere18yearsold.MyteacherhasbeenawayfromNan
jingfor3days/since3daysago.巧记瞬间性动词的转换“开始离去借来还，
出生入死买到家，穿衣入睡要感冒，开开关关变结束。”1beginbeon6returnbe
back2leavebeawayfrom7joinbein3gobeoff8diebedea
d4borrowkeep9buyhave5comebehere10arrivebehere10r
eachbehere11putonwear13catchacoldhaveacold14openbeo
pen15closebeclosed17end/finishbeover16becomebe12fallasl
eepbeasleep,结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语①arriveat/insp
/getto/reachsp/come/go/movetosp→beinsp/atscho
ol/athome/onthefarm/behere/bethereHegottoBeijing
fiveminutesago.HeBeijingfor.2)ImovedtotheUSAin2008.
ItheUSAsince.3)Iwenthomeyesterday.Ihomefor.4)They
cameherelastweek.They___________heresince_____________.
②cometo/gobackto/returnto→bebacktogoout→beoutHe
cameouttwoyearsago.He______________for____________.2)We
returntoBeijingyesterday.We_______________toBeijingsince
__________.③become→beIbecameateacherin2000.I_______
___ateacherfor___________.2)Theriverbecamedirtylastyear
.Theriver_______dirtyfor_________.④close→beclosedo
pen→beopenTheshopclosedtwohoursago.Theshop_________
for________.2)Thedooropenedatsixinthemorning.Thedoor
_____________forsixhours.⑤getup→beup;die→bedead;
leavesp.→beawayfromsp.fallasleep/gettotsleep→beas
leep;finish/end→beover;marry→bemarried;1)Igotuptwo
hoursago.I_____________________since_______________.2)Hel
eftShanghaijustnow.He__________________________Shanghaifo
rfiveminutes.3)Mygrandpadiedin2002.Mygrandpa__________
________for_______________.4)Themeetingfinishedatsix.The
meeting____________________forsixhours.5)Igottosleep
twohoursago.I________________since__________________.6)
Theymarriedin1990.They___________________________since__
_______.⑥start/begintodosth.→dosth.;begin→beon1)I
begantoteachatthisschoolin1995.I________atthisschoo
lsince____.2)Thefilmbegantwominutesago.Thefilm______
______for________.⑦borrow→keep;lose→nothave;buy→h
ave;puton→wearcatch/getacold→haveacold;gettoknow
→know1)Theyborroweditlastweek.They__________itsince___
__________.2)Iboughtapentwohoursago.I____________apen
for_____________.3)Igottoknowhimlastyear.I___________
himsince___________.4)Iputonmyglassesthreeyearsago.I
_________myglassesfor______________.⑧have/hasgoneto→ha
vebeeninHehasgonetoBeijing.He_____________Beijingfortw
odays.⑨jointheleague/theParty/thearmy→bealeagueme
mber/aPartymember/asoldier→beamemberoftheleague/th
eParty→beintheleague/theParty/thearmy1)Hejoinedth
eleaguein2002.He_________________a_________________fortw
oyears.He___________a_________the________fortwoyears.H
e_______________________theleaguefortwoyears.2)Mybrother
joinedthearmytwoyearsago.Mybrother_________a________fo
r______________________.Mybrother___________in___________
fortwoyears.注意点四：havebeenin,havebeento与havegoneto的用法
1、have(has)beenin表示“在某地（多长时间）”，现在仍在那里。常与表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：Mr.
BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗来上海已经有三天了。Theyhave
beeninCanadaforfiveyears.他们到加拿大有五年了。2、have(has)beento表示
“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just,ever,never等连用，例如：Ihavejustbeento
thepostoffice.我刚才去邮局了。MaryhasneverbeentotheGreatWall.
玛丽从未去过长城。HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhoubefore?你以前曾经去过杭州吗？Hav
e(has)beento后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：Theyhavebeentothatvillag
eseveraltimes.他们去过那个村庄好几次了。3、have(has)goneto意为“到某地去了”，表示到
了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，例如：----WhereisTom?----Hehasgonet
othebookshop.他到书店去了。JackJohnsonhasgonetoLondon.杰克.约翰逊到伦
敦去了。have/hasbeento和have/hasgoneto的用法区别1“Have/hasbe
ento+地名”表示曾经去过某地，说话时已经回到说话地点，常与once、twice、ever、never等时间
连用。2“have/hasgoneto+地名”表示去某地了，现在没有回答，人不在说话地点。巧记：
beento，goneto意不同，两者用法要记清；havebeen
to+地名，曾经到过某地行；havegoneto+地点，到某地去了一走远。
用have/hasbeento和have/hasgoneto填空—Hi，Lucy，you
everBeijing？—No，I.—Wh
ataboutyoursister，Lily？—Oh，she
Chengdu，shewillcomebacknextweek.—Ok，thanks.—You’
rewelcome.havebeentohave
n’thasgoneto用法四,用have/hasbeento/in,havegone
to及go的各种形式填空.1)WhereisJackHe__________hiscountry.2)Davi
d________theparkjustnow.3)John_______Englandsinceheca
meback.4)Howlong_____they_____thisvillage5)TheSmiths
______Beijingforyears.6)_____yingforyears.6)_____you
ever____America--Yes,I_____theremanytimes.7)I_____th
isschoolsincethreeyearsago.8)WhereisJimHe_____thefar
m.9)When_____he_____He_______anhourago.10)Wouldyouli
keto_____tothezoowithme---Yes,butI_____therebefore.
11)Where_____you_____now---I____tothezoo.12)Heoften
_____swimming.13)_____you______therelastyear14)_____
theyoften______skatinginwinter试一试，用所给词的正确形式填空1I
（live）heresinceIwastenyearsold.2I（
live）herein1998.---youyourbreakfast？---Ye
s，Ihave.---Whenyouit？----30minutesa
go.注意现在完成时的几个特殊方面：（一）现在完成时与一般现在时的区别havelivedlivedHavehad
didhave现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。所以
它不能和表示过去时间状语连用；而一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。一）现在完
成时与一般现在时的句型转换eg：IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears----
-IstudiedEnglishthreeyearsago-----Itisthreeyearssi
nceIstudiedEnglish注意点一：现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚
至会继续下去或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。现在完成时属于现在时态范围，因此，不能和表示过去
的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,lastnight,twoweeksago等试比较：Theplane
hasarrived.飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿）Theplanearrivedaquarter
ago.飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去）Ihavetaughthereforfifteenyea
rs.我在这儿已经教了十五年。（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续。）Itaughthereforaye
ar.我过去在这儿教过一年。（表示“我“现在已经不在这儿任教了）用括号中所给的动词的适当形式完成下列句子。1.Mary_
______(lose)herpen.______you______(see)ithereandthere?
2.______you______(find)yourwatchyet?3.---Areyouthirsty
?---NO,I______just_______(have)someorange.4.We______
__already______(return)thebook.5.______they_____(build)
anewschoolinthevillage?6.---HasTomtaughtyouEnglish?--
-Yes,he______(teach)usEnglishfortwoyears.7.I______(not
finish)myhomeworkyet.Canyouhelpme?8.What______they__
___(do)withthenewspaper?Theyhavereadthem.9.---Thedoorisopen.Who______(open)it?Doyouknow?---Sorry,Idon’tknow.10.Myfather_____(read)thenoveltwice.11.WuDong_____(be)asoldierforoneyear.12.Thestudents______(study)inthemiddleschoolsincelastmonth.13.Howlong______you______(know)him?14.Mike______(make)quiteafewfriendssincehecametoChina.15.I_____(give)myfriendanicebookrecently.16.LiPingandWuDong______(see)theoldmanthreetimes.17._____sheever_____(teach)youEnglish?18.Thesechildren_____(stay)intheparkfortwohours.1.A：你收集贝壳有多长时间了？B:自从我上中学以来。A：Howlong______you_________________shells?B：________I_________tomiddleschool.2.我滑冰已有五个小时了。I___________________________5hours.3.A:这是你首次参加滑冰马拉松吗?B:不,去年我参加过。A:Wasthisyour______________________________?B:No，I___________ina______________lastyear.4.A:你什么时候得到第一双溜冰鞋？B:3年前。A:Whendidyou______yourfirst__________________?B:Threeyearsago.5.A:他游泳有多长时间了？B:他已游了半小时了。A:Howlong_______he______________________?B:He___________________________halfanhour.havebeencollectingSincewenthavebeenskatingforfirstskatingmarathonskatedmarathongetpairofskateshasbeenswimminghasbeenswimmingfor |
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