简单句、并列句和复合句
考点一简单句
简单句只包含一个主谓结构.
五种简单句:
主+谓.Hecomesatlast.
主+系+表.Sheisateacher.
Thesouptastesnice.
主+谓+宾.Theyreachedthevillage.
主+谓+间宾+直宾.Hegavemeapen.
主+谓+宾+宾补.Ifindthatbookveryuseful.
考点二并列句
并列句：两个或两个以上的简单句，用连词连接起来。
常用的连接词有：
表示顺承关系的：and,notonly…butalso（不仅….而且….）等。
She______gaveusalotofadvice,_______helpedustoovercomedifficulties.
Lindatriedtobecomeanexcellentteacher,_____atlastshesucceeded.
表示选择关系和否定条件的有or（还是，否则）
Doyouwanttoleavenow____wouldyourathersetofflater?
Wearyourcoat,____you’llcatchacold.
表示转折关系的有but,yet等。
Heisyoung,butheworkshard.虽然他年轻，但工作努力。
表示因果关系的有for,so等。
MyleghurtssoIgotoseeadoctor.我的腿疼，因此我去看医生。
考点三主从复合句：宾语从句
宾语从句的引导词
（1）引导陈述句用that(在口语和非正式文体中常常省略)
Hetellsme(that)heisgoingshoppingthisSunday.
(2)引导一般疑问句用if或whether.
Sheaskedmeif\whethershecouldjoinus.(whether…ornot)
(3)引导特殊疑问句，要用原来的特殊疑问词。
Sheaskedthemwhattheyweredoing.
宾语从句的语序：要用陈述句语序。
Iwanttoknowwhenthetrainleft.
3.宾语从句的时态
（1）主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句，宾语从句可根据实际需要选用各种时态。
Hetellsusthathehasbeenabletolookafterhimself.
主句是过去时态，宾语从句应使用过去时的相应时态。
Theysaidthattheyhadalreadyfinishedthework.
如果宾语从句叙述的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等，不管主句用什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。
Hesaidthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.
3.练习
1）Sheaskedme,“Willyougotothecinematomorrow?”(改为含宾语从句的复合句)
Sheaskedme______I______gotothecinemathenextday.
2)Howlovelythedogis!Canyoutellme_____?
A.wheredidyougetitB.wherewillyougetitC.whereyougotit
3)---Canyoutellme_____yourparentsathome?
---Ioftenwashclothesandsweepthefloor.
howwillyouhelpB.howyouhelpC.howwillyouhelpD.howdoyouhelp
4)WhenIwasyoung,mygrandfathertoldmethatthesun______(rise)intheeast.
考点四状语从句
一、状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词等。
1.地点状语从句
地点状语从句通常由where引导。
Putallthethings_____theywere.
A.whereB.whenC.whoseD.which
2.时间状语从句(主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时)
时间状语从句的引导词有when,before,after,until,assoonas,since,while,as等
Shewascookingwhensomeoneknockatthedoor.
Whatwillyoudoafteryoufinishedyourhomework?
3.条件状语从句
在条件状语从句中，常用的引导词有if,unless等。
Ifitdosen’train,I”llgofishing.
TheywillhaveapicnicunlessitrainsnextSunday.
4.原因状语从句
原因状语从句常用的引导词有because,as,since（既然）等
Hedidn’tcomebecausehewasill.
Sincewearestudents,weshouldstudyhard.
Because和so不能在一个句子中同时使用。
5.结果状语从句
结果状语从句主要由so…that…,such…that…引导。
It’ssohotthatwewanttogoswimming.
That’ssuchaninterestingstorythateverybodylikesit.
So…that…与简单句之间的句型转换
that后的句子是否定句，常用too…to进行转换。
Heissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.(heistooyoungtogotoschool.
that后的句子是肯定句。常用enoughto进行转换。
Theshirtwassocheapthatheboughtit.(theshirtwascheapenoughforhimtobuy.
6.目的状语从句
目的状语从句常用的引导词有sothat,inorderthat等(inorderto简单句
Pleasesayitinaloudvoicesothateveryonecanhearit.
Heworksharderinorderthathecangotoagoodcollege.
7.让步状语从句
引导词有though,although,evenif,eventhough(尽管)等。
Heoftenhelpsothersthough\althoughheisnotrich.
Theywillstandbyyouevenifyoudon’tsucceed.
Though,although与but不能同时出现在一个句子中
8.比较状语从句
比较状语从句由than,as…as…,notas\so…as等引导。(比较级)
HeismoreoutgoingthanI.
HeranasfastasMike.
二、练习
1.It’squitecommoninBritaintosay搕hankyou攖othedrivers_____peoplegetoffthebus.
a.afterb.sincec.untild.when
2.Theartclubisformembersonly.Youcan’tgoin____youareamember.
a.unlessb.becausec.ifd.though
3.Nowmanyparentssendtheirchildrentoforeigncountries,_____theywantthemtogetabettereducation.
a.untilb.thoughc.because
4.----Whatwouldsomestudentsliketodoafterfinishingtheireducation?
----Theywouldliketostarttowork_______theyneedn’tdependontheirparentscompletely.
a.assoonasb.sothatc.befored.while
考点五定语从句
修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词（关系代词和关系副词）。
1.关系代词的基本用法
作主语 作宾语 作定语 指人 who\that who\whom\that\省略 whose 指物 which\that which\that\省略 whose Theman__________spokeatthemeetingisfromHongKong.(指人作主语)
Thebuilding___________isbeingbuiltwillbeusedasahospital.(指物作主语)
Ivisitedascientist_______nameisknownallovertheworld.（指人作定语）
2.关系代词特殊用法
(1）当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。
Heisoneoftheboyswho______(like)playingfootball.
Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswho________(like)playingfootball.
(2)通常以下四种情况关系代词只能用that而不能用which.
1)先行词为all,much,something,everything,nothing,little,none,theone等不定代词时
2）先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。
3）当先行词被theonly,thevery,thejust等修饰时。
4）先行词中既有人又有物时。
3.关系副词的基本用法。
1）when在句中作状语，表示时间。
2)where在句中作状语，表示地点。.
3)why在句中作状语，表示原因。
Herememberstheday_______hejoinedtheLeague.
Thisisthereason_______heislatetoday.
Thisistheplace_______LuXunwasborn.
练习
一、用括号内所给的动词的适当形式填空。
1.Mrs.Wangsaidthatshe______(buy)anewcarthenextday.
2.OurEnglishteachertoldusthatChristmas________(be)onDecember25.
3.I’lltellyouassoonasKate______(come)here.
4.Couldyoutellmewhenyourfather______(go)toNewYork?Whenhe______(go)there,we’llseehimoff.
5.HomewithKidsisoneoftheTVsitcomsthat_______(make)uslaughagainandagain.
二、单项选择
1.Couldyoupleasekeepthewindows______?It’ssohotintheroom.
a.openb.opensc.openedd.opening
2.Workhard,_____you’llfallbehindyourclassmates.
a.andb.butc.ord.so
3.Benaskedme______Ihadreadthenewsintoday’snewspaper.
a.thatb.ifc.whatd.when
4.----Canyoutellme_____?
----Ofcourse.HecomesfromJapan.
a.wheredoeshecomefromb.whereishefrom
c.wherehecomesfromd.wherehewantstogo
5.Cathylikescomedies,_____they’reveryfunny.
a.ifb.soc.becaused.until
6.HisbrotherhasbeentoStoneForesttwice_____hecametoYunnan.
a.afterb.beforec.sinced.for
7.Theypiledthesnowinoneplace______thechildrencouldmakeasnowman.
a.sothatb.whenc.becaused.until
8.----Iwon’tgotothepartytomorrow.
----_____youtoldmeyouwould.What’shappening?
a.Butb.Soc.Andd.Or
9.Mr.BrownknowslittleJapanese,______hecan’tunderstandtheinstructionsonthebottleofthepills.
a.sob.orc.butd.for
10.Youwillbelate____youhurryup.
a.afterb.whenc.unlessd.if
11.Somepeopleliketoplaymahjong,____othersdon’t.
a.whenb.whilec.asd.since
12.____heisyoung,____heknowsseverallanguages.
a.Though,butb.Because,soc.Though,\d.Because,\
13.Thisisthemostinterestingbook____I’vereadbefore.
a.thatb.whichc.whod.a&b
14.Thisistheroomin____ChairmanMaolived.
a.thatb.whichc.whod.whom
15.August1.1927wastheday____thePLAwasfounded.
a.thatb.whichc.whered.when
16.Iliketheplace____Icanhaveagoodtime.
a.thatb.whichc.whered.when
三、写出下列句子的同义词，每空一词。
1.TheforeignerswanttoknowhowtheycanlearnChinesekungfuwell.
Theforeignerswanttoknow____________learnChinesekungfuwell.
2.Whendoesthetrainleave?Iwanttoknow.
Iwanttoknow________thetrain_________
3.“Doyouwanttotrysomethingnew?”Tom’smotheraskedhim.
Tom’motheraskedhim____________________totrysomethingnew.
4.Youmustbequick.Ifnot,you’llmisstheearlybus.
________quick,______youwillmisstheearlybus.
5.Jim’smotherlethimwatchTVafterhefinishedhishomework.
Jim’smother________lethimwatchTV_______hefinishedhishomework.
6.Youshouldn’ttellhimyouraddress,Ithink.
I________thinkyou______tellhimyouraddress.
7.Heransofastthatwecouldn’tcatchupwithhim.
Heran____fast___________________catchupwith.
8.Thisshirtwassocheapthatbecouldbuyit.
Thisshirtwas___________________________________buy.
9.Heworkedhardsothathecouldmakemoremoney.
Heworkedhard___________________makemoremoney.
10.Becauseitsnowedheavily,thetraffichadtostop.
Thetraffichadtostop_____________the_______snow.
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