英语的两大语态：主动语态和被动语态A.主动语态中主语是谓语动词的发出者。宾语是谓语动词的对象。Eg：Shebuysabook.
Tomplantedatree.B.被动语态中主语是谓语动词的承受者(动作的对象)。eg:Theb
ookisboughtbyher.ThetreewasplantedbyTom.(把主动语态改为
被动语态也就是把主动句中的宾语改为被动句的主语，这是最关键的着眼点，同时谓语动词作相应的变化。)被动语态的谓语构成:助动词be
＋动词过去分词(根据句子的主语和时态，助动词be有am,is,are,was,were,been几个形式变化。)
归纳总结方法把主动语态改为被动语态可按“、、”来进行。即：①变
－－－把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语，把主动语态的主语改为被动语态的介词by的宾语。②套－－－根据原句的时态套用相应
时态。③注意－－注意人称的变化而引起的主谓一致问题。例：①ManypeoplespeakEnglish.
Englishbymanypeople.
②Hewashedhisshoesyesterday.Hisshoes
byhimyesterday.各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表
翻译下列句子电视机关掉了。TheTVsetwasturnedoff.2.那小偷被抓住了。T
hethiefwascaught.3.所有的窗户都被打破了。Allthewindowswerebrok
en.FillintheblankswiththePassiveVoice.1、Tea__
_____(grow)inFujian.2、Chinese__________(speak)i
nChina.3、Thebed__________(use)forsleeping.
4、Ourclassroom_________(clean)everyday.5、The
cars__________(make)inBeijing.在被动语态中要注意的问题在上面我们已经初步
了解了被动语态的构成和主动变被动的方法。下面我们接着学习在被动语态中要注意的问题。①一些使役动词(let,have,m
ake等)或感观动词(see,hear,watch,notice等)在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式不带to，但改为被动语态时
，要补上to。如：Thebossmakestheworkerswork18hoursaday.
Theworkersaremadetowork18hoursadaybytheboss.Isaw
himenterthehouse.Hewasseentoenterthehousebyme.
Theteacherletthemleavetheclassroomafterclass.The
ywerelettoleavetheclassroombytheteacherafterclass.We
hearhersingintheroomeveryday.Sheisheardtosing
intheroomeveryday.[注意]当使用see/hear/watchsbdoingsth时，变为被动语态
时，doing保持不变。如：Isawhimgoingintotheshop.(主动
)Hewasseengoingintotheshop.(被动)
使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表②含有短语的被
动语态结构。一般来说，只有及物动词才有被动语态，因为只有及物动词才有承受者。但许多不及物动词加上副词或介词构成动词短语也相
当于及物动词的用法，可以带宾语，因而也有被动语态。动词短语主要有三种：A及物动词+副词如：turnoff、s
etup、carryout、putoff、takeaway、turnon、handin、move
away、passon、writedown、putaway、puton、takedown、send
away、tryon、putdown、sellout、holdon、tryout、sendup
、takeoff、wearout、wakeup、takeout、dressup、giveback、
workout、getback、findout、pickup、giveup、pullup、put
up等B不及物动词+介词如：lookaftertalkaboutplaywith等?C.“动
词+名词+介词”构成的短语。如：takecareof、payattentionto、makeuseo
f等动词短语是不可分割的整体，在变被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的副词或介词。请看下面的例子：①Theysetup
thefactoryin2000.Thefactorywassetupin2000.②Oursch
oolwillputofftheSchoolSportsmeetinguntilDecember.The
SchoolSportsmeetingwillbeputoffuntilDecember.③Peopleh
avetalkedabouttheaccident.Theaccidenthasbeentalkeda
bout.④Youshouldpaymoreattentiontoyourstudythisyear.
Yourstudyshouldbepaidmoreattentiontothisyear.带有介词或副词的动
词短语，在改为被动语态时，不能把介词或副词拆开。③带有双宾语的被动结构在句中的使用。有些动词可以带两个宾语，即指
人的间宾和指物的直宾。可以将其中一个宾语提到前面做主语，另一个留在后面。①Herparentsboughtheran
ewcomputeryesterday.Shewasboughtanewcomputeryesterday
.Anewcomputerwasboughtforheryesterday.②Theyhavegiv
enmesomegoodadvice.Ihavebeengivensomegoodadvice.
Somegoodadvicehasbeengiventome.③Shewillwritealongl
ettertoDavidSmith.AlongletterwillbewrittentoDavidS
mith.DavidSmithwillbewrittenalongletter.带双宾语的动词
主要有以下几个：give,buy,sell,take,bring,make,hand,pass,keep,se
nd等带双宾语的动词，改为被动语态，当用直接宾语作主语时，要根据动词的习惯配搭、要在间接宾语前补上介词to或for.它们的句型主
要有以下几个：①givesthtosb=givesbsth ②buysthforsb=buysbsth③
sellsthtosb=sellsbsth ④takesthtosb=takesbsth⑤bringst
htosb=bringsbsth ⑥makesthforsb=makesbsth⑦handsthtosb
=handsbsth ⑧passsthtosb=passsbsth⑨keepsthforsb=keepsb
sth ⑩sendsthtosb=sendsbsth例：①Hepassedmesomepaper.(主动
)Somepaperwaspassedtomebyhim.（被动）②Youmustkeepsome
fruitforhim.(主动)Somefruitmustbekeptforhim.（被动）buy
sthforsbgivesthtosbPassivevoiceHeplantstr
eesinspring.主谓宾(受动者)Treesareplantedbyhim改为被动语
态inspring.Hisbrotherwashesbowlseveryday.主谓宾(受动者)Bow
lsarewashedbyhisbrothereveryday.isspokenwerewashed一
变二套三注意1.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.主语+及物动词+宾语Shoes
aremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般现在时：S(主语）+am/is/a
re+过去分词2.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm．Tencom
puterswerebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词3
．AmycantakegoodcareofGina．Ginacanbetakengoodcareof
byAmy.情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词4.Theywillfini
shtheworkintendays.Theworkwillbefinished(bythem)in
tendays.一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词5.Someworkersarepaintingth
eroomsnow．Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow.现
在进行时：S+am/is/are+being+过去分词6．Wehavemadetwentymorek
eys．Twentymorekeyshavebeenmadebyus.现在完成时：S+have/has
+been+过去分词7．Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat8:00lastnight．My
homeworkwasbeingdone(byme)at8:00lastnight.过去进行时：S+w
as/were+being+过去分词情态动词+动词原形had+过去分词have/has+过去分词was/were+现在分词
am/is/are+现在分词would+动词原形will/begoingto+动词原形diddo/does主动语态
被动语态时态情态动词+be+过去分词含情态动词9had+been+过去分词过去完成时8have/has+be
en+过去分词现在完成时7was/were+being+过去分词过去进行时6am/is/are+being+过去分词
现在进行时5would+be+过去分词过去将来时4will/begoingto+be+过去分词一般将来时3w
as/were+过去分词一般过去时2am/is/are+过去分词一般现在时11.Peopleuseknivesf
orcuttingthings.Knives____________forcuttingthings.2.The
studentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.The
windowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.are
usedarecleaned(变被动语态）3.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.____
____________________onthefloor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthe
bookintime.She_____________toreturnthebookintime.The
ticketwasfoundwastold5.Hisdoctormadehim
haveonlytwomealsaday.He___________________________onl
ytwomealsaday.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.
Nowcomputers___________________tohelpthem.wasmade
tohavecanbeused7.Didyoupla
ntmanytreesatthistimelastyear?_______________________
____atthistimelasttime?8.Mustwefinishourworktoday?___
____ourwork_____________today?Weremanytreespl
antedMustbefinished9.Theforeig
nfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1)___________________
_somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfulstamps______________
_______________.weweregivenweregiven
tous10.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer
.Tom_______________toturnonthecomputer.11.Inthisfactor
ywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework_______________
bywomeninthisfactory.wasaskedisdone12.He
canmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike___________________in
twodays.13.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.This
medicine______________________threetimesaday.can
bemendedmustbetaken14.ThestudentsstudyGermanin
thisschool.German_______________bythestudentsinthisscho
ol.15.Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?______thisquesti
onoften_______about______________?isstudiedI
stalkedbythem(二）一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态。引入练习2。请将下列主动语态
变成被动语态。1.Youcandotheworkallbyyourself.Thework_____
__________allbyyourself.2.Wemustplantmoretrees.Mo
retrees__________________.3.Weshoulddigalargehole.
Alargehole______________.4.Canweputourbikeshere
?_____ourbikes_________here?5.Youmustn’tthrowrubbi
shhere.Rubbish_________________here.6.Wecan’tsee
manystars.Manystars___________________.小结：1.含情态动
词的被动结构：______________________.2.疑问句提前_____________;否定句：______
_____+not.canbedonemustbeplantedsho
uldbedugCanbeputmustn’tbethrowncan
’tbeseen情态动词+be+过去分词情态动词情态动词1)Teenagerss
hould_____(allow)togooutatnight.2)Thetelephone___
__(invent)byBell.3)English____(speak)inChi
na.4)Thecar____(make)inChina.5)Theroommust_____
(clean)everyday.beallowedwasinventedisspokenismade
becleaned()Theflowers____everyday,orthey’lldie.Amu
stwaterBcanbewateredCshouldwaterDmustbewatered(
)Manycomputerswill___toourschool.AbebringBbebrough
tCbringisgrownisspokenisusediscleanedaremade1.一般可变
为被动语态的动词为及物动词2.be动词可根据人称、时态、数进行变化.3.不特别强调动作执行者时，by短语(即by和后面
的宾语)一般可以省略注意事项：sbbemadetodosthmakesbdosth使役动词sbbeh
eardtodosthhearsbdosthsbbenoticedtodosthnoticesbd
osthsbbewatchedtodosthwatchsbdosthsbbeseentodost
hseesbdosth感观动词sbbelettodosthletsbdosthsbbehadtodosthhavesbdosth被动语态主动语态goTherainstopped.Thesouptastes delicious.stop,taste在句中是不及物动词，后面不能直接带宾语，因此不能变为被动语态。不及物动词（vi.)不能用于被动语态。happen,takeplace,appear,disappear,belongto,breakout(爆发）e.g.Atrafficaccident________(happen)justnow.happened2.连系动词（Link.v.)不用被动语态。如：be,look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,turn,become…e.g.PekingOpera_______(sound)beautiful.sounds3.当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候，不用被动语态。e.g.Thepen__________(write)veryfast.writesThiskindofsweater_______(sell)well.sells |
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