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2013高考必备_高中英语语法精品资料_定语从句
2013-09-05 | 阅:  转:  |  分享 
  


说明

与词汇、听力、阅读、写作相比,语法实际是最容易学的,(你可以问问英语成绩优秀的学生)但许多同学学了许多年英语后,语法仍然是一塌糊涂。有的学生也下了很大决心想把语法学好,但在努力了相当长的时间之后还是没有明显进步,最终决定放弃。有的老师在语法上投入了很多,让学生做了很多题,也投入了大量时间来评讲,但学生的语法长进仍不大,最后“顿悟”了,说,“在语法上付出太多时间不值得。”

语法真的不重要吗?如果有人说语法不重要,那一定是违心的,因为谁都知道高考多考一分多么重要,而学好语法不仅可以提高单选的得分,又可提高阅读、改错和作文的得分,增的又何止十分八分?而切,单选题和作文上的得分一般是不会有什么变数的,而阅读题的得分还要看考场发挥地如何。说在语法上付出时间不值得,实际上是在承认自己在语法学习上或教学上是失败的。

为什么那么多人都学不好语法呢?一方面是因为现在盛行的教学理论在作怪。它把外语教学和母语与第二语言的教学混为一起,过于强调语言的“习得”,而完全忽视了传统的语法教学,导致学生的语法基础较差。另一方面,因为没有合适的语法资料。教材上的语法讲解,“千呼万唤始出来犹抱琵琶半遮面每次做英语题的时候有问题,我就拿你的《远航英语》一翻,都出现在里面了,我真诚的感谢你用了大量的时间来给我们编辑这本书,谢谢你第六章定语从句 1

第一部分考点精讲精练 1

第1讲 相关概念 1

考点1. 主句、从句、关系词 1

考点2. 关系代词 1

考点3. 关系副词 1

第2讲 关系词的选择 2

考点1. 选用哪个关系词,关键是看关系词在定语从句中做什么成分 2

考点2. 选用关系词的方法:一“找”二“还”三“替换” 2

考点3. 关系词一般要位于定语从句的句首 2

第3讲 只能用that不能用which的情况 3

考点1. 先行词是anything,something,nothing,everything,等不定代词时 3

考点2. 先行词是all,much,little,none或先行词被all,much,little,no,any修饰时 3

考点3. 先行词被最高级、序数词以及thefirst,thelast,thevery,theonly,thesame 3

考点4. 先行词有两个,一个指人,一个指物,关系代词用that 4

考点5. 注意:关系副词不受这些规则的影响 4

第4讲 其它有关关系词选择的规则 4

考点1. 关系代词直接放在介词后面时,要用which,whom;不能用that,who 4

考点2. 引导非限制性定语从句时,要用which,who,whom,不用that,也不能省略 4

考点3. 当先行词前面有which,who等疑问代词时,为避免重复,用关系代词that 4

考点4. 关系代词在从句中作表语或therebe结构中的实意主语时,that可指人或物,而且通常省略 5

考点5. 当先行词为one,ones,anyone,everyone,none,all(指人)时,关系代词常用who 5

第5讲 whose可指人也可指物 5

考点1. 若指物,它还可以同ofwhich互换,指人,则不可与ofwhom互换 5

考点2. 名词前有冠词the时用ofwhich,名词前没有冠词时用whose 5

第6讲 as,but,than用作关系代词 5

考点1. as引导限制性定语从句 5

考点2. thesame…as与thesame…that 6

考点3. such…as和such….that的区别(该用定语从句还是用结果状语从句) 6

考点4. but用作关系代词(选学内容) 6

考点5. than用作关系代词(选学内容) 7

写作专练1. as做关系代词很有用(P17) 7

第7讲 关系副词 7

考点1. 关系副词在定语从句中做状语 7

考点2. theway做先行词 7

考点3. situation,case,point,business等后常用关系副词where 7

考点4. occasion(时机)做先行词用关系副词时用when 8

考点5. when引导非限制性定语从句 8

第8讲 关系词的省略(仅供了解) 8

考点1. 关系代词的省略 8

考点2. 关系副词的省略 8

第9讲 介词+关系代词 9

考点1. 关系代词直接跟在介词后时,只可用whom或which,不可用who,that 9

考点2. fromwhere为“介词+关系副词“结构,可以引导定语从句 9

考点3. 像lookafter,lookfor等固定短语动词 9

考点4. 部分与整体用of 9

考点5. 介词的选择:看前看后看意思 9

第10讲 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 10

考点1. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 10

考点2. As,which引导的非限制性定语从句 10

写作专练2. as,which引导非限制性定语从句(P17) 11

写作专练3. 使用非限制性定语从句,是写出长的高级句子的最常用的方法(P17) 11

第11讲 同位语从句和定语从句 11

第12讲 定语从句与易混句型 13

考点1. 定语从句与同位语从句 13

考点2. 定语从句与地点状语从句 13

考点3. 定语从句与结果状语从句 13

考点4. 定语从句与并列句 13

考点5. 定语从句与独立主格结构 14

考点6. 定语从句与强调句型 14

第13讲 定语从句的其它常见考点 14

考点1. 先行词与定语从句隔离 14

考点2. oneof,theoneof,theonlyoneof 14

考点3. what不能引导定语从句,one作同位语 15

考点4. Isthisschooltheone与Isthistheschool 15

写作专练4. 综合运用本章所学定语从句内容(P18) 15

第二部分专题过关测试 15

第三部分写作能力提升 17

写作专练1. as做关系代词很有用(参看P5考点1) 17

写作专练2. as,which引导非限制性定语从句(参看P10考点2) 17

写作专练3. 使用非限制性定语从句,是写出长的高级句子的最常用的方法(参看P10考点1) 18

写作专练4. 综合运用本章所学定语从句内容,翻译下列句子(参看P错误!未定义书签。错误!未找到引用源。) 18

写作专练1. 18





第六章定语从句



第一部分考点精讲精练





相关概念

主句、从句、关系词

主句:在含有定语从句的复合句中,除去定语从句后的部分,是句子的主句。

定语从句:相当于形容词,修饰主句中的一个名词或代词,相当于主句的一个定语

先行词:先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等,它总是出现在定语从句的前面。

关系词:关系词指用来引导定语从句的词,分为关系代词和关系副词。

关系词的三个作用

1.作定语从句的一个句子成分。

2.起着连接主句和从句的作用(参看错误!未定义书签。错误!未找到引用源。)。

3.代指被修饰的先行词。

关系代词

指人时可以用who,也可用that。Doyouknowtheboywho/thatismydeskmate?Themanwho/thatwaskilledintheaccidentisTom’suncle.

指物时可以用which,也可用that:Ilikevisitingplaceswhich/thatarenotfaraway.Howdoyoulikethefilmwhich/thatwasshownlastSunday.

whose可以指人也可以指物Hewasapainterwhosepictureswerenotwell-knowninhislifetime.Thedogwhosetailisveryshortismyneighbor’s.

关系代词作宾语时可以省略:Ilikethemealthat/which/()wehadlastnight.Doyouknowtheboywho/whom/that/()wetalkedaboutjustnow?

注:()表示关系代词省略

关系副词

关系副词在从句中只能作状语。when指时间,where指地点,why指原因,how不能作关系词。例如:

Wewillputoffthepicnicuntilnextweekwhentheweathermaybebetter.

Hehasreachedthepointwhereachangeisneeded.

Thatisnoreasonwhyyoushouldleave.

ThisisthewayhowIdidit.(how不能作关系词)



基础过关:

1.用合适的关系词完成句子。

Theman/washereyesterdayisapainter.

Theman///IsawiscalledSmith.

Achildparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.

I''dlikearoomwindowlooksoutoverthesea.

Aletter/iswritteninpencilishardtoread.

Theletter//Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.

Thatistheboy///youarelookingfor.

Doyouknowthereasonhewaslateforthemeeting.

ThisistheschoolIusedtostudy.

Istillrememberthedaywemetforthefirsttime.



2.用符号标出下列句子的主句、定语从句、先行词和关系词:

主句:______定语从句:()先行词:先行词关系词:

例:Thisisthebook(thatIhavebeenlookingfor).

Themoviethatwesawlastnightisveryexciting.

Haveyouboughtwhichthebookwetalkedabout

Istillrememberthedaywhichwespenttogetherlastweek.

Hestilllivesinthehousewhosewindowsfacesouth.

TheboywhosefatherisapolicemanspeaksEnglishmostfluentlyinourclass.

ThegirlwhoyoumetwasJohn’ssister.

Thereisnoreasonwhyweshouldn’tbefriends.

Theyarrivedintheearlymorningwhentheskywasstilldark.

Thedaysweregonewhenwehadtotravelonhorses.

Isthisthehospitalwhereyouwereborn?





关系词的选择



选用哪个关系词,关键是看关系词在定语从句中做什么成分

含有定语从句的复合句可以分为两部分:主句和从句关系词是定语从句的一个成分。选用关系词,要看关系词在定语从句中做什么成分,而不是看先行词。

HeworkedinthefactorywhichproducesTVsets.

Heworkedinthefactorywherehisfatherhadworked.

Iliketheschoolwhichisneartomyhome.

Iliketheschoolwheremysisterstudies.

在句1和句2中,先行词前都in,但关系词有用which也有用where的;

在句3和句4在,先行词都是theschool,但关系词有用which也有用where的。

因此,我们可以看出,对关系词起决定性作用的并不是先行词。

在句1和句3中,关系词在定语从句中都是做主语,因此用的都是关系代词which

在句2和句4中,关系词在定语从句中都是做状语,因此都是用关系副词where

我们可以看出,用关系词,主看在定语从句中做什么成分。

选用关系词的方法:一“找”二“还”三“替换”

找:就是找出主句、从句、先行词和关系词(参看本章第1讲)

还:根据先行词提供的意思,大胆的把定语从句还原为完整的一句话,(可以添词)

替换:用关系词替换关系词还原后的部分,做主语和宾语用关系代词,做状语用关系副词(时间状语用when,地点状语用where,原因状语用why)(同初中时做的“对划线部分提问”相似,该用what的时候用成which/that即可)

例如:

Thisistheschool____Ioncestudied.

Thisistheschool____isthemostfamousinthecity.

Iamstudyingataschool____myfatherteachesEnglish.

找:(略)

还原:根据先行词的提示,这三句话的定语从句还原成完整的一句话后分别为:

Ioncestudiedattheschool.

Theschoolisthemostfamousinthecity.

MyfatherteachesEnglishattheschool.

粗斜体部分为根据先行词的意思把关系词还原后的部分。

替换:根据“对划线部分提问”的规则,1.和3.用where,2.本该用what,在定语从句中该用what的要换为which/that。

因此,答案为:1.where2.that/which3.where

关系词一般要位于定语从句的句首

【2009江西】ThehouseIgrewup________hasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding.A.initB.inC.inthatD.inwhich

答案与分析:A没有关系词,不能连接两句话;C介词后不能用that;D关系词一般不位于句末;而B可以看作是关系代词做宾语、放在句首并且省略了。因此选B。

一“找”二“还”三“替换”Isthisthereason______heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?A.thatB.whatC.howD.why

Isthisthereason______hewassocarelessinhiswork?A.thatB.whatC.howD.why

Thereason______hedidn''tcomewas______hewasill.A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what

Helivesinavillage____isnotfarfromthecity.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.whose

Helivesinthevillage____hewasborn.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.whose

Inanhour,wetraveltoplaces___couldhavetakenourancestorsdaystoreach.AwhereB.whenCwhichD.what

Inanhour,wetraveltoplaces___wecanrelaxandgetrefreshed..A.whereB.whenC.whichD.what

Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren''sPalace.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich

Theplace_______hehadagoodtimelastSundaywastheChildren''sPalace.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich

I’llneverforgetthedays_____westudiedtogether.A.thatB.不填C.whenD.AandB

I’llneverforgetthedays_____wespenttogether.A.thatB.不填C.whenD.AandB

Ifwewanttohaveabrightfuture,wemustlearntoactinways____donotdoharmtootherlivingthings.A.inwhichB./C.howD.that

Isthisthefactory_____colorTVsetsareproduced.A.whenB.theonewhereC.thatD.inwhich

Isthisfactory_____colorTVsetsareproduced?A.whereB.theonewhereC.thatD.inwhich

Thisisthefactory____producescolorsTVsets.A.whereB.theonewhereC.thatD.inwhich

【2010福建】StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanet_______lifehasdevelopedgradually.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whose

【2010天津】—CanyoubelieveIhadtopay30dollarsforahaircut?—Youshouldtrythebarber’sIgo.It’sonly15.A.asB.whichC.whereD.that

【2011陕西】Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,__________weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.A.whichB.whereC.whoD.that

【2011】Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudents____allowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.who

【2012江西】By16:30,wasalmostclosingtime,nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensold.A.whichB.whenC.whatD.that



先行词是anything,something,nothing,everything,等不定代词时

关系代词一般只用that,不用which。

Heneverreadsanything______isnotworthreading.whichB.asC.whoD.that

Isthereanything__________toyou?A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongsC.thatbelongD.whichbelongs

【2010全国2】Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething________wassomeoneelse’sfault.A.whoB.thatC.asD.what

先行词是all,much,little,none或先行词被all,much,little,no,any修饰时关系词只能用that,不能用which。Allthepeoplethatarepresentburstintotears.



Thesepeopleoncehadfameandfortune;now____islefttothemisutterpoverty.A.allthatB.allwhatC.allwhichD.thatall

Thedoctordidall____tosavethewoundedboy.A.whathecouldB.hecouldC.everythingwhichhecouldD.forwhichhecoulddo

Thereisnotmuch___canbedone.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how

【2010浙江】_________that''simportantisthatyouaredoingyourbestandmovingintherightdirection.A.OneB.AllC.EverythingD.Anything

Thereisnodifficulty____can''tbeovercomeintheworld.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what

Alltheapples_____felldownwereeatenbythepigs.A.thatB.thoseC.whichD.what

Youcantakeanyseat___isfree.A.thatB./C.whichD.it

先行词被最高级、序数词以及thefirst,thelast,thevery,theonly,thesame

等类似特指这类词修饰时,关系代词常用that,不用which.

Themostimportantthing______weshouldpayattentiontoisthefirstthing______Ihavesaid.Awhich;thatBthat;whichCwhich;whichDthat;that

Mywatchisnottheonlything______ismissing.A.thatB.itC.whichwho

TheTVplayIwatchedlastnightisthebestone____Ihavewatchedthisyear.A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.that

Thisistheveryfilm___I''velongwishedtosee.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom

Ilikethesecondfootballmatch__________washeldlastweek.A.whichB.whoC.thatD./

Thisisthelasttime__Ishallcomeheretohelpyou.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.what

It’sthethirdtime__________latethismonth.A.thatyouarrivedB.whenyouarrivedC.thatyou’vearrivedD.whenyou’vearrived

先行词有两个,一个指人,一个指物,关系代词用that

We’retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist__________wereintheconcertweattendedlastnightA.whichB.whomC.whoD.that

Boththegirlandherdog____werecrossingthestreetwerehitbyacomingcar.A.whichB.whoC.theyD.that

Allthepassengersandsuitcases____werestillwaitingonthebrokendownbushadtobetransferredtoanotherlongdistancebus.A.theyB.whoC.whichD.that

Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what

注意:关系副词不受这些规则的影响

这只是在选用关系代词时才使用这些规则。如:

【2010福建】StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanet_______lifehasdevelopedgradually.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whose

Thisisthesamehouse_____hergrandfatherwasborn.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whose



其它有关关系词选择的规则



关系代词直接放在介词后面时,要用which,whom;不能用that,who

【2011】JuliewasgoodatGerman,FrenchandRussian,allof_________shespokefluently.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.that

【2008湖南】Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,_____arebeyondourcontrol.A.mostofthemB.mostofwhichC.mostofwhatD.mostofthat

Thisisthemuseum____wesawanexhibitiontheotherday.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat

【2009全国I】Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneofIhadevermetbefore.A.themB.whoC.whomD.these

【2010浙江】Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyof_______lefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.A.whomB.whichC.themD.those

【2012上海】Haveyousentthank-younotestotherelativesfrom__youreceivedgifts?A.whichB.themC.thatD.whom

引导非限制性定语从句时,要用which,who,whom不用that,也不能省略

【2008浙江】Yesterdayshesoldhercar,______sheboughtamonthago.A.whomB.whereC.thatD.which

【2010全国1】Asachild,Jackstudiedinavillageschool,________isnamedafterhisgrandfather.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that

【2012全国Ⅱ】Thatevening,___Iwilltellyoumoreaboutlater,Iendedupworkingverylate.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when

Yesterdayshesoldhercar,______sheboughtamonthago.A.whomB.whereC.thatD.theone

当先行词前面有which,who等疑问代词时,为避免重复,用关系代词that同理,当先行词是that,those时,用关系代词which或who。

What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk?在桌子底下的那些东西是什么WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?

Whoistheperson___isstandingatthegateofBeijingTourismTower?A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whom

Who____hasthesameideaasitwilldoitinthisway.A.whoB.thatC.whomD.which

Who_____hascommonsensewilldosuchathing?A.whichB.whoC.whomD.that

Those__________notonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.A.learnB.whoC.thatlearnsD.wholearn

关系代词在从句中作表语或therebe结构中的实意主语时,that可指人或物,而且通常省略

Hestilltalksliketheman(that)hewastenyearsago.他谈起话来仍像十年前一样。Thetrainisthefastesttrain(that)therehaseverbeen.这列火车是有史以来最快的火车。Mytypewriterisnotthemachine(that)itwas.我的打字机已不是过去的机器了。

Shewasnolongerthewoman___shewas.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.who

Sheisnolongerthesweetgirl___sheusedtobe.A.whatB.whoC.whenD.that

当先行词为one,ones,anyone,everyone,none,all(指人)

Anyonewhoisagainstusisourenemy.任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。Allwhoheardthestorywereamazed.所有听到这个故事的人都很惊讶。hose可指人也可指物

whose做关系代词可以指人也可指物,用作定语。若指物,它还可以同ofwhich互换,指人,则不可与ofwhom互换

Helivesinahouse.Itswindowfacessouth.Helivesinahouse.Thewindowofitfacessouth.

→Helivesinahousewhosewindowfacessouth.Helivesinahouse,thewindowofwhichfacessouth.Helivesinahouse,ofwhichthewindowfacessouth.

Heisthefarmer.HissonisstudyinginQinghuaUniversity.

由于我们一般说hisson不说thesonofhim,说mybook,不说thebookofme,因此我们只能说HeisthefarmerwhosesonisstudyinginQinghuaUniversity.

而不能说:Heisthefarmer,thesonofwhomisstudyinginQinghuaUniversity.

名词前有冠词the时用ofwhich,名词前没有冠词时用whose

Thattree,__________branchesarealmostbare,isveryold.A.whoseB.ofwhichC.inwhich

Isawsometrees______theleaveswereblackwithdisease.A.whereB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.whose

【2010陕西】Theoldtemple,_______roofwasdamagedinstorm,isnowunderrepair.A.whereB.whichC.itsD.whose

【2011I】Theprizewillgotothewriter________storyshowsthemostimagination.A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.what

Shehadtwobrothersandasister,_____facesshecouldremember,becausetheyhaddiedwhenshewasveryyoung.A.noneofwhoseB.noneofthemC.neitherofwhoseD.allofwhose

【2008陕西】Themanpulledoutagoldwatch,weremadeofsmalldiamonds.A.thehandsofwhomB.whomthehandsofC.whichthehandsofD.thehandsofwhich

【2009安徽】Manychildren,parentsareawayworkinginbigcities,aretakengoodcareofinthevillage.A.theirB.whoseC.ofthemD.withwhom

【2012天津】IwishtothankProfessorSmith,without_______helpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.which





as,but,than用作关系代词

as引导限制性定语从句

as引导限制性定语从句时,as是关系代词,代指thesame,so,such和as引导的短语,在定语从句中通常语、宾语和表语。常用于下面四种情况:

such...as/suchas意为“...的那种...,像那样的”Don’ttrustsuchmenaspraiseyoutoyourface.(as做主语)不要相信那种当面吹捧你的人。Youshouldreadonlysuchbooksasyoucanunderstandwithoutmuchdifficulty.(as作宾语)你应当只读那些你读起来不太难懂的书。

thesame...as/thesameas意为“与...同样的”Wehavearrivedatthesameconclusionastheyhave.(as作宾语)我们已得出和他们同样的结论。ThisisthesamewatchasIlost.(as作宾语)这同我丢的那块表一样。

as+形+冠+n+as,是as+形+as的一种变化形式。Heisasgoodashisbrother他和他弟弟一样好。这句话还可以表达为:Heisasgoodaboyashisbrother.It’saspleasantafilmasIhaveeverseen.(as作宾语)这是一部和我以往看的同样好的电影。

so+形+冠+n+as,是such+冠+形+n…as的一种变化形式。Heissuchaniceboy.用so可以表达为:Heissoniceaboy.Itwassodifficultaproblemasnooneworkedout.这是一道没有人算出来的难题。

thesame…as与thesame…that

thesame…as指同一类,thesame…that指同一个

Iboughtthesamecarasyours.我买的那辆汽车和你的一模一样。

Thisisthesamebag(theverybag)thatIlostyesterday.这就是我昨天丢失的那个包Thatisthesamemanthataskedforhelpthedaybeforeyesterday.那就是前天来求助的同一个人

such…as和such….that的区别(该用定语从句还是用结果状语从句)

such…as像……样的,as引导的是定语从句,as做句子成分such…that“如此……以至于that引导的是结果状语从句,that不做句子成分判断办法:如果后面成分完整,用that来引导结果状语从句;如果后面句子成分不完整,则用as来引导定语从句。Heissuchalovelyboythatwealllovehim.(成分完整,结果状语从句)译为:他如此可爱,我们都喜欢他Heissuchalovelyboyaswealllove.(成分不完整,是定语从句)译为:他是那种我们都喜爱的男孩练习

Heissuchalazyman____nobodywantstoworkwith___.AashimBthat;/C.as;/D.whom;him

Itwasn’tsuchagoodpresent___hehadpromisedme.A.thatB.asC.whichD.what

Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowprice___peopleexpected.A.likeB.asC.thatD.which

Heisn''tsuchaman______heusedtobe.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as

Heisnotsuchaman_______wouldleavehisworkhalfdone.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as

Weshouldreadsuchbooks____willmakeusbetterandwiser.A.when B.as C.whose D.what

Thisissuchaheavybox____Ican’tmoveit.A.asB.thatC.whichD.whose

Popmusicissuchanimportantpartofsociety___ithaseveninfluencedourlanguage.A.asB.thatC.whichD.where

LasttermourEnglishteachersetsodifficultanexaminationproblem____noneofusworkedout.A.asB.thatC.whichD.whose

Themanshowedussoheavyastone___noonecanlift.A.thatB.asC.whichDand

Ireceived___niceagift__mymotherpromised.A.thesame,asB.as,asC.such,asD.thesame,that

Iwanttousethesametools_______usedinyourfactoryafewdaysago.A.aswasB.whichwasC.aswereD.which

Ihaveboughtthesamedress__________sheiswearing.A.asB.thatC.whichD.what

Ifoundthebookjust___IborrowedyesterdaysoIgotitbackatonce.A.thesamethatB.thesameasC.suchasD.suchthat

Tomdidnottakeawaythecamerabecauseitwasjustthesamecamera____helostlastweek.A.which B.that C.whom D.as

but用作关系代词(选学内容)

but既可指人,也可指物,常在定语从句中充当主语。but本身含否定的意思,其作用相当于that/which/who...not。它前面的主句通常有否定的词(如:no,not,little,few,hardly等)。(为了快速培养语感,也可把but意译为除了)。

Thereisnomotherbutlovesherownchildren.(=Thereisnomotherthat/whodoesnotloveherownchildren.)没有不爱自己孩子的母亲。

Thereisnomanbutfeelspityforthestarvingchildren.没有人不为这些饥饿的孩子感到同情的。

Thereareveryfewbutadmirehistalents.(but=whodon''t)很少有人不赞赏他的才干的。

Thereisnorulebuthasexception.凡规则都有例外。

than用作关系代词(选学内容)

than在定语从句中作关系代词,在从句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语,但仍以充当主语为多。在定语从句中,它与关系代词that所起的语法作用是差不多的,只是在翻译或解释时,要比that多一层比较的意味。另外,由than含有比较意味可知,该类定语从句的先行词前通常要有形容词的比较级形式。例如:

Youmakemoremoneythanisintendedtomake.(主语)你挣得的钱比预计的要多。

Thereweremorecasualtiesthanwasreported.伤亡人数比报道的要多。

Newspapersandothermediadomorethansimplyrecordwhathappens.报纸和其它媒体做的不仅仅是记录发生的事情。

as做关系代词很有用(P17)





关系副词

关系词

【2008北京】I’llgiveyoumyfriend’shomeaddress,Icanbereachedmostevenings.A.whichB.whenC.whomD.where

【2008安徽】Alltheneighboradmirethisfamily,______theparentsaretreatingtheirchildlikeafriend.A.whyB.whereC.whichD.that

【2009重庆】Lifeislikealongrace_____wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.A.whyB.whatC.thatD.where

【2009北京】–Ifinditfunandchallenging.Itisajob___youaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting.A.whereB.WhichC.WhenD.that

【2012重庆】Salesdirectorisaposition_____communicationabilityisjustasimportantassalesability.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where

【2012浙江】Weliveinanage________moreinformationisavailablewithgreateasethaneverbefore.A.whyB.whenC.towhomD.onwhich

theway做先行词

首先要确定theway在定语从句中做什么成分。如果theway在定语从句中做主语或宾语,要选用关系代词。如:

Idon’tliketheway____willcosttoomuchmoney.

Theway____hethoughtoftosolvetheproblemwasnotpractical.

在句1中,theway在定语从句中做主语,因此要填关系代词that/wich在句2中,theway在定语从句中做宾语,因此也要用关系代词:that/which/省略

如果theway在定语从句中做状语,关系词下面三种情况的的任一种都行①inwhich,②that③省略

Theway____heansweredthequestionwassurprising.

A.howB.thatC.inwhichD.不填E.B\C\D

答案:定语从句恢复为完整的一句话后为:Heansweredthequestionintheway.intheway在定语从句中做状语,因此选E。



Theway______helooksatproblemsiswrong.A.whichB.whoseC.whatD./

Thatisnottheway______Idoit.A./B.whichC.forwhichD.withwhich

Thisistheonlyway_____youcanfind.A.thatB.不填C.inwhichD.A,BandCE.AandB

Idon’tliketheway_____hespoketohismother.A.thatB.不填C.inwhichD.A,BandC

situation,case,point,business常用where

【2007江西】Aftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareer___sheneededtodecidewhattodo.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where【09浙江】IhavereachedapointinmylifeIamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.AwhichBwhereChowDwhy

【2003上海】Icanthinkofmanycases____studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn''twriteagoodessay.A.whyB.whichC.asD.where【08江西】Laterinthischaptercaseswillbeintroducedtoreaders__consumercomplaintshaveresultedinchangesinthelaw.A.whereB.whenC.whoD.which

【2004湖南】Iworkinabusiness____almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.A.howB.whichC.whereD.that

【09福建】It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituationtheycanseethemselvesdifferently.A.thatB.whenC.whichD.where

Inexperiments____youngteensareallowedtosleepaslongastheywant,theytendtosleepanaverageofhours.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when



occasion(时机做先行词用关系副词时用when

Itwasarare-indeedunique-occasionwhenIwasabletoputRitchieright

hen引导非限制性定语从句

Itwasanexcitingmomentforthesefootballfansthisyear,___forthefirsttimeinyearstheirteamwontheworldcup.A.thatB.whileC.whichD.when

Therainbowcan’tbeseenatnoon,____thesunishighinthesky.A.whileB.whenC.soD.that

Christmasistheonlytimeoftheyear,___menandwomenopentheirheartsfreelyandthinkofotherpeople.A.whileB.whenC.soD.that

Weplayedinthegardentillsunset,___itbegantorain.AwhenB.afterC.whileD.then







关系词的省略(仅供了解)



关系代词的省略

关系代词作宾语时的省略当关系代词在定语从句中用作动词宾语或介词宾语且关系代词不直接位于介词后面时,可以省略。如:Isthereanything(which)youwant?想要什么东西吗?Whoistheman(that,who,whom)youweretalkingto?刚才和你讲话的人是谁?但是,如果是直接用于介词后作宾语,则不可省略。如:ThisistheroominwhichIlive.这是我住的那间房间。

关系代词在从句中作表语或therebe结构中的实意主语时,that可指人或物,而且通常省略Chinaisnotthecountry(that)itwasintheoldtimes.中国已不是旧时代的中国了。Theoldmanisnottheman(that)hewas.这个老人已不是以前那个样子了。Thisisthefastestcomputer(that)therehaseverbeen.这是有史以来运算最快的计算机。

关系副词的省略

关系副词when的省略

用作时间状语的关系副词when通常不能省略,但若用于day,year,time,themoment等少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。如:

Thatwastheyear(that)Ifirstwentabroad.就是那一年我第一次出国了。

I’llneverforgettheday(that)wemet.我永远也忘不了我们见面的那一天。

.Bythetime(when)hewasfourteenyearsold,Einsteinhadlearntadvancedmathematicsallbyhimself.

到十四岁时,爱因斯坦已经自学了高等数学。

Doyoustillremembertheday(when)wefirstmet?

你还记得我们第一次见面的那一天吗?

关系副词where的省略

用作地点状语的关系副词where通常不能省略,但若用于place,somewhere,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere等几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。如:

Thisistheplace(where)wemetforthefirsttime.这是我们第一次见面的地方。

Doyouhaveanywhere(that)Icanliedownforanhour?你有没有一个什么地方可以让我躺一个小时?

关系副词why的省略

关系副词why通常只用于thereason后引导定语从句,且通常可换成that或forwhich,均可省略。如:

That’sthereason(why,forwhich,that)hecame.这就是他来的原因。

Givemeonereason(why)weshouldhelpyou.给我举出一个我们应当帮助你的理由

介词+关系代词

关系代词直接跟在介词后时,只可用whom或which,不可用who,that

(参看P4)

fromwhere为“介词+关系副词“结构,可以引导定语从句

例如:Westoodatthetopofthehill,fromwherewecanseethetown..

Chinaisthebirthplaceofkites,_____kiteflyingspreadtoJapan,Korea,ThailandandIndia.A.fromthatB.fromwhereC.fromthereD.fromhere



像lookafter,lookfor等固定短语动词

在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如:Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.

Thisisthebaby__tomorrow.A.afterwhomIshalllookB.whomIshalllookafterC.whoseIshalllookafterD.afterwhomIshalllookafter



部分与整体用of

Thecoursenormallyattracts20studentsperyear,___uptohalfwillbefromoverseas.AinwhichB.forwhichC.withwhichD.ofwhom

Therearemanybooksonscience,___thisisoneexample.A.whichB.fromwhichC.ofwhichD.intowhich

【08四川】Formanycitiesintheworld,thereisnoroomtospreadoutfurther,____NewYorkisanexample.A.forwhichB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.fromwhich

【2012四川】Inourclassthereare46students,_____halfwearglasses.A.inwhomB.inthemC.ofwhomD.ofthem



介词的选择:看前看后看意思

看与先行词的搭配

Thebicycle___heoftenridesneedsrepairing.A.onwhichB.inwhichC.bywhichD.withwhich

Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthedegree_____theycanbecontrolledonpurpose.A.withwhichB.towhichC.ofwhichD.forwhich

【2012全国Ⅱ】100℃isthetemperature___whichwaterwillboil.A.for B.atC.onD.of

Theworld______ismadeupofmatter.A.inthatweliveB.onwhichweliveC.whereweliveinD.welivein

【2008上海】Wewentthroughaperiod______communicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.A.whichB.whoseC.inwhichD.withwhich

【2012湖南】Careofthesoulisagradualprocess_____eventhesmalldetailsoflifeshouldbeconsidered.A.whatB.inwhatC.whichD.inwhich



看谓语的搭配

Thetwothings__________theyfeltveryproudareJim’sgoldwatchandDella’shair.A.aboutwhichB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.forwhich

Henrysetupaclubforfootballfans,______heinvitedallhisfriends.A.forwhomB.towhomC.towhichD.fromwhich

【2010上海】Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergy_______?wemayreturninthenearfuture.A.onwhich??????B.bywhich??????????C.towhich???????D.fromwhich

Isthisjustthecity____theforeignguestswishtopayavisit_____.A.which,inB.towhich,/C.that,toD.tothat,/

Heisamanofgreatexperience,__________muchcanbelearned.A.whoB.thatC.fromwhichD.fromwhom

Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson____shecouldturnforhelp.A.whom B.who C.towhom D.formwhom

Thepen______heiswritingismine.A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich

LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,______Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.A.forwhichB.forthatC.inwhichD.what

【2009陕西】Guncontrolisasubject____Americanshavearguedforalongtime.AofwhichB.withwhichC.aboutwhichD.intowhich



根据句子意思

Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,_______hecouldsee_____wasgoingoninsidehouse.A.which;whatB.throughwhich;whatC.throughthat;whatD.what;that

IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30p.m.,___manypeoplehavegonehome.A.whosetimeB.thatC.onwhichD.bywhichtime

【2008上海春】Villagersheredependonthefishingindustry,_________therewon’tbemuchworkA.whereB.thatC.bywhichD.withoutwhich

【2008福建】Bynineo’clock,alltheOlympictorchbearershadreachedthetopofMountQmolangma,____appearedararerainbowsoon.A.ofwhichB.onwhichC.fromwhichD.abovewhich







限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形式上 不用逗号和主句隔开 用逗号和主句隔开 意义上 是先行词不可缺少的定语,不能删除 是对先行词的补充说明,删除后意思仍完整 译法上 翻译成先行词的定语,“…的…” 通常翻译成主句的并列句 关系词的使用上 A做宾语时可省略B可用thatC可用who代替whom A不可省B不用thatC不用who代替whom



限制性和非限制性

⑴限制定语从句紧跟先行词,同先行词间一般不加逗号,仅修饰先行词,可以由关系代词关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明,用逗号与主句隔开,既可修饰先行词,又可修饰整个主句,不可用that引导。

例如:Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。【限制性】Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。【非限制性】

当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的,例如:

CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.我的房子去年买带着个漂亮的花园。Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。翻译下列句子,注意体会限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句在表达意思上的区别:

Hehasabrotherwhoisaphysicist.Hehasabrother,whoisaphysicist.

HereturnedallthebookswhicharewritteninEnglish.Hereturnedallthebooks,whicharewritteninEnglish.

Themanwholivesnextdoorisadoctor.Mysister,wholivesnextdoor,isadoctor.

Astudentwhostudieshardwillmakegoodprogress.Thestudent,wholivesfarfromschool,isthecaptainoftheirfootballteam.

As,which引导的非限制性定语从句

①as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活,可以位于主句前面.中间或后面,一般用逗号与主句隔开,但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。

②as引导非限制性从句,常带有''正如''。当从句为否定时不能用as

③as,which可指代一句话,也可指代一句话的一部分。

④非限制性定语从句将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。

⑤asisoftenthecase是常用说法,意为象往常那样;正如经常发生的那样

Hereturnedhomesafeandsoundafterafiercebattle,____wasunexpected.A.which B.as C.that D.it

【2010四川】Aftergraduatingfromcollege,Itooksometimeofftogotravelling,______turnedouttobeawisedecision.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where

Ericreceivedtrainingincomputerforoneyear,____hefoundajobinabigcompany.A.afterthatB.afterwhichC.afteritD.afterthis

Youwereveryimpolitetohim,for______youshouldmakeanapologytohim,Ithink.A.thisB.whichC.whatD.that

【2011】MarywasmuchkindertoJackthanshewastotheothers,_________,ofcourse,makealltheothersupset.A.whoB.whichC.whatD.that

Hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival,___wasbeyondhiswildestdream.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it

【2008全国II】Theroadconditionsthereturnedouttobeverygood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.itB.whatC.whichD.that

【2009全国II】Myfriendshowedmeroundthetown,______wasverykindofhim.学A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it

【2009山东】WheneverImether,_________wasfairlyoften,shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.A.whoB.whichC.whenD.that

【2012北京】Whendeeplyabsorbedinwork,______heoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when

____mightbeexpected,theresponsetothequestionwasverymixed.A.AsB.ThatC.ItD.What

【2004江苏】________isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As

Ifthelow-incomefamiliescannotaffordtopurchasemedicalinsurance,___wasthecasewithWangLin,othermeasurestoreducepovertywillnotsucceed.A.It B.Which C.As D.That

TheBeatles,_____manyofyouaretoldenoughtoremember,camefromLiverpool.A.whatB.thatC.howD.as

HemustbefromAfrica,__________canbeseenfromhisskinA.thatB.asC.whoD.what

【2012福建】Theairqualityinthecity,______isshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.A.thatB.itC.asD.what

【2012安徽】Alotoflanguagelearning,hasbeendiscovered,ishappeninginthefirstyearoflife,soparentsshouldtalkmuchtotheirchildrenduringthatperiod.A.asB.itC.whichD.this



as,which引导非限制性定语从句(P17)





使用非限制性定语从句,是写出长的高级句子的最常用的方法(P18)









同位语从句和定语从句

同位语从句和定语从句很相似,但还是有区别的,区别主要在以下三方面:

1.从词类上区别

同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定内涵的名词而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词,主句的一部分或是整个主句如:

Wearenotlookingintothequestionwhetherheisworthtrusting.我们正在调查的问题不是他是否值得信赖的问题同位语从句Wordcamethathehadbeenabroad.据说他已经出国了同位语从句Ourteamhaswonthegame,whichmadeusveryhappy.我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴定语从句Thedoctorwhomyouarelookingforisintheroom.你找的那位医生在房间里面定语从句

2.从性质上区别

定语从句对其先行词起修饰或限制作用,功能上相当于形容词;而同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴。如:Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegamewastrue.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywastrue.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的<定语从句,ImadeapromisethatifanyonesetmefreeIwouldmakehimveryrich.我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有。同位语从句,补充说明promiseThemothermadeapromisethatpleasedallherchildren.妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺<定语从句,promise在从句中作pleased的主语

3.引导词上的区别

1.引导词that

引导词that引导定语从句时,做从句的一个成分,有时可用which替换,作宾语时常常省略;而that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替。判断下列句子是同位语从句还是定语从句:

①Theorderthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroupswasreceivedyesterday.我们应派几个人去帮别的小组的命令昨天收到了②Theorderthatwereceivedyesterdaywasthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups.我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组解析:

①是同位语从句,是对order的具体解释,that虽不作成分,但不能省略。

②是定语从句,是名词order的修饰语,that在从句中作received的宾语,可以换为which,也可以省略。

2.who,whose,whom,which,when,where,why除引导定语从句外,也可引导同位语从句。how,whether,what虽不能引导定语从句,却可引导同位语从句错误!未定义书签。错误!未找到引用源。)

区别:

A.定语从句的引导词在意思上反映的是先行词的意思,而同位语从句的引导词在意思上和前面的词没有联系。

B.在定语从句中,关系副词可以换为介词+关系代词,而引导同位语从句的连接副词却不能换为介词+连接代词的形式。

练习:判断下列句子是同位语从句还是定语从句:

Thatquestionwhetherweneedithasnotbeenconsidered.Ihavenoideawhathashappenedtohim.

Ihaven’tansweredthequestionhowIwilldealwithit.

TheschoolwhereBobstudiesisinthemiddleofthecity

Thedecisionwhenweshouldgetstartedhasn’tbeenmade.

答案及解析:

1),2),3)是同位语从句,它们是在说明前面词的内容,whether,what和how不能引导定语从句。4)是定语从句,where反映的是先行词的意思,可以换为inwhich.5)是同位语从句。从句是在说明decision的内容。when并没有反映thedecision的意思。when也不能改为atwhichtime.

练习题:

【2004上海春】Alongwiththeletterwashispromise____hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether

Youcandependonwhateverpromise_______hemakes.A./B.whyC.whenD.whose

Thenews____hehasbeenelectedpresidentoftheUnitedStatesistrue.A.thatBwhichC.whatD.where

Thenews____youtoldmeyesterdayistrue.A.thatBwhenC.whatD.where

【2006重庆】Nobodybelievedhisreasonforbeingabsentformtheclass_____hehadtomeethisuncleattheairport.A.whyB.thatC.whereD.because

Isthisthereason______heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?A.thatB.whatC.howD.why

Galileocollectedthefacts_____provedtheearthandalltheotherplanetsmovearoundthesun.A.thatB.whichC.不填D.AandB

Galileodiscoveredthefact_____theearthandalltheotherplanetsmovearoundthesun.A.thatB.whichC.不填D.AandB

【2006安徽】Awarmthoughtsuddenlycametome____Imightusethepocketmoneytobuysomeflowersformymother''sbirthday.A.ifB.whenC.thatD.which

【2012上海】Thereismuchtruthintheidea_kindnessisusuallyservedbyfrankness.A.whyB.whichC.thatD.whether









定语从句与易混句型



一个句子如果出现两个主谓结构,要么是并列句,要么是复合句。是并列句时要有and,so,but等并列连词。是复合句时也要有连接词。总之,只用逗号而不用连接词简单的把两个主谓结构连接到一起的句子是错误的。如:

IlikeEnglish,myEnglishisverygood.×

IlikeEnglishandmyEnglishisverygood.√

AsIlikeEnglish,myEnglishisverygood.√

English;myEnglishisgood.√

IlikingEnglish,myEnglishisgood.√

<参看P错误!未定义书签。错误!未找到引用源。>

定语从句与同位语从句

(参看P11)

定语从句与地点状语从句

定语从句有表示地点的先行词,而地点状语从句则没有;定语从句的关系词根据需要可用“介词+which”来代替where,而地点状语从句则通常只能由where引导。

A.where;Bwhere/onwhich

①Rice?doesn‘t?grow?well?__?there?is?not?enough?water

②I?still?remember?the?farm?___?my?parents?worked?ten?years?ago.

答案:①A②B



Sometimesthewagonshadtobeliftedorpulledup,___werenoroads.A.whereB.wherethereC.inwhichD.inwhichthere【D为什么不行?】

Goandgetyourcoat.It’s___youleftit.A.thereB.whereC.therewhereD.wherethere【C为什么不行?】

Whenyoureadthebook,you''dbettermakeamark_____youhaveanyquestions.A.atwhichB.atwhereC.theplaceD.where

Thehousestood_____therehadbeenarock.A.whichB.atwhichC.whenD.where【B.为什么不行?】

.【2006四川】---Mom,whatdidyourdoctorsay?---Headvisedmetolive____theairisfresher.?A.inwhere???????????B.inwhich?????????????C.theplacewhere??????D.where?

【2006天津】Ifyouaretraveling?____thecustomsarereallyforeigntoyourown,pleasedoastheRomansdo.?A.inwhich???B.what??????C.when??D.where?

定语从句与结果状语从句

这里主要指such...as/that(参看P6)

定语从句与并列句

并列句有像and,but,so等并列连词或分号连接,这时就不必再用关系词了;而定语从句中,关系词起着连接作用,不必要再用and,but,so等连词。

(参看两个主谓结构时P错误!未定义书签。错误!未找到引用源。)

A.them;B.theyC.whom

①He?has?three?daughtersnone?of?___?is?an?engineer.②He?has?three?daughters,but?none?of?__?is?a?dancer.③He?has?three?daughters;?_____?are?doctors.

答案:①C②A③A

Inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsof____arewomen.A.themB.whichC.whomD.who

Ihavefivefriends,butnoneof_____arebusinessmen.A.thatB.whomC.theyD.themE.who

Ihavefivefriends,_____arebusinessmen.A.thatB.whoC.theyD.them

【2012山东】Mariahaswrittentwonovels,bothof________havebeenmadeintotelevisionseries.A.themB.thatC.whichD.what

_____isreportedinthenewspaper,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A.ItB.AsC.WhatD.That

_____isreportedinthenewspaperthattalksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A.ItB.AsC.WhatD.That

____talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogressisreportedinthenewspaper.A.ItB.AsC.WhatD.That

____isreportedinthenewspaperisthattalksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A.ItB.AsC.WhatD.That

Asurveywascarriedoutonthedeathrateofnew-bornbabiesinthatregion,___weresurprising.A.asresultsB.whichresultsC.theresultsofitD.theresultsofwhich

Theyoungmothersawherbabyfalltotheground,______broughtherhearttohermouth.A.itB.andthatC.andwhichD.that

Hestudiedhardandlaterbecameawell-knownwriter,____hisfatherexpected.A.thatwaswhat B.whatwasthat C.andwhichwas D.whichwaswhat

Theybelievedthatthespiritsarewiththebodyofthedeadpersonforthreedays;___thereisalwayssomeonetostaywiththedeadperson.A.duringthistimeB.duringwhichtimeC.duringwhichD.duringwhen

定语从句与独立主格结构

有关系词引导的定义从句要有完整的谓语,而独立主构结构则没有完整的谓语,且不需要连接词。参看P错误!未定义书签。错误!未找到引用源。>

定语从句与强调句型

看下面两个题

①ItwasontheNationalDay___shemetwithherseparatedsister.A.thatB.whereC.whenD.which(选C可以吗?为什么?)

②Whendidyougettoknowhim?ItwasonthemorningofMay1st_____IwasplayinginthePark.A.thatB.when

在①中,如果选C,把后面看作定语从句,语法上也说得过去,是在她遇到与她分别的妹妹的那个国庆节,但什么是在这个国庆节?语义不完整。错误!未定义书签。错误!未找到引用源。】因此要选A,她遇到她分别的妹妹是在国庆节。这样语义就完整了。我们可以看出:

该用强调句型的如果用定语从句,语义不完整。

在②中,如果选A的话,则译为“我在公园玩是在五一的上午(而不是别的时间)”;这样,就是所答非所问了。选B的话,译为“是在我在公园玩的那个五一的上午”。因此答案为B。B可以看作后面省略了thatIgottoknowhim.该用定语从句的,如果用按强调句型去理解,所答非所问。



【2008全国II】ItwasinNewZealand___ElizabethfirstmetMr.Smith.A.thatB.howC.whichD.when

ItwasontheNationalDay___shemetwithherseparatedsister.A.thatB.whereC.whenD.which

Itwasevening_______wereachedthelittletownofWinchester.AthatB.untilC.sinceD.before

It?is?our?parents?____we?depend?on?when?we?are?in?trouble.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.不填

【2007山东】—Wheredidyougettoknowher?—Itwasonthefarm_________weworked.AthatB.thereC.whichD.where







定语从句的常见考点



先行词与定语从句隔离

定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后,但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分,构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。例如:ThisisthearticlewrittenbyhimthatIspoketoyouabout..

②Hewastheonlypersoninthiscountrywhowasinvited



【2011】Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudents____allowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.who

【2011】You’llfindtaxiswaitingatthebusstation____youcanhiretoreachyourhostfamily.A.which B.whereC.when D.as

【2011】Thedaysaregone________physicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.which

【2012浙江】Ellenwasapainterofbirdsandnature,_______,forsomereason,hadwithdrawnfromallhumansociety.A.whichB.whoC.whereD.whom

【2012江苏】Aftertheflooding,peopleweresufferinginthatarea,_____urgentlyneededcleanwater,medicineandsheltertosurvive.A.whichB.whoC.whereD.what

oneof,theoneof,theonlyoneof

oneof加名词复数后跟定语从句时,先行词是前面名词复数,从句谓语用复数;theoneof/theonlyoneof加名词复数后跟定语从句时,先行词是theone/theonlyone,从句谓语用单数。Tomisoneofthestudentswho______goodatplayingfootball.

②Tomistheonly/veryoneofthestudentswho______goodatplayingfootball.

③Tomistheoneofthestudentswho______goodatplayingfootball.

在中,定语从句的先行词是thestudents,这些学生都擅长踢足球,而Tom是他们中的一个,因此who代指的是thestudents,因此填are。

在中,Tom就是那些学生中唯一擅长踢足球的那一个。擅长踢足球的只有一人,因此,who代指一个人,后面填is。此时,先行词是theone。此时,theone有两个定语,ofthestudents和后面的定语从句。

第句同第句差不多。擅长踢足球的还是只有一人,因此,先行词是theone。

Sheisoneofthefewgirlswho_____passedtheexamination.A.wasB.wereC.hasD.have

Itisoneofthebestbooks_____.A.thathaveeverbeenwrittenB.thathaseverbeenwritten!C.WhichhavebeenwrittenD.whichhasbeenwritten

Jackwastheoneofmyclassmateswho______invitedtoattendthecontest.A.hadB.haveC.wasD.were

Thisistheveryoneofthemostinterestingfilms_____shownlastweek.A.whichwasB.thatwasC.whichwereD.thatwere

Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho___awinnerofscholarshipfor3years.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen

what不能引导定语从句one作同位语

Meetingmyuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemoment,__Iwillalwaystreasure.A.thatB.oneC.itD.what

Hersisterhasbecomealawyer,__shewantedtobe.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which

MissSmithisastrictbutgoodteacher,___oftencaresaboutourlifeandstudyatschool.A.onewhoB.whoeverC.theoneD.theperson

ForTimthiswasthebeginningofanewlife,____hethoughthewouldneversee.A.whatB.thatC.oneD.it

【2010山东】Helpingothersisahabit,________youcanlearnevenatanearlyage.A.itB.thatC.whatD.one

Isthisschooltheone与Isthistheschool

看下面两题:

Isthisschool____wevisitedthreeyearsago?A.theone B.which C.that D.where

Isthistheschool____wevisitedthreeyearsago?A.theone B.where C.inwhich D./

要简化难题,可把疑问句恢复成陈述句。在第一句中,恢复陈述句,is要放到school的后面。如果放到is的后面的话,就构成了thisisschool,而school作为可数名词单数是不能单独使用的,前面要用冠词或物主代词或指示代词。(参看:P错误!未定义书签。错误!未找到引用源。)

两题的答案:ADIsthisphoto___youtookontheGreatWallthatday?A.whichB.whatC.theoneD.that

Isthisfactory__________someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone

Isthisthefactory__________heworkedtenyearsago?A.thatB.whereC.which

Isthisfactory_____colorTVsetsareproduced.A.whereB.theonewhereC.thatD.inwhich

Thisisthefactory____producescolorsTVsets.A.whereB.theonewhereC.thatD.inwhich



综合运用本章所学定语从句内容(P18)





第二部分专题过关测试







【2011】Whateverisleftovermaybeputintotherefrigerator,_____itwillkeepfortwoorthreeweeks.A.whenB.which C.whereD.while

I’lltellyou__________hetoldmelastweek.A.allwhichB.thatC.allthatD.which

Mr.JohnsaidthatSuzhouwasthefirstcity___hehadvisitedinChina.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what

Theschool______myfatherteachesisaworld-famousone,___wassetup100yearsago.A.where;whichBwhich;whichC./;whereD.where;that

Whoisthewoman____issweepingtheflooroverthere?A.who B./ C.that D.when

Ihaveboughtsuchawatch_______wasadvertisedonTV.A.thatB.whichC.asD.it

Soundwavestravelintheairinmuchthesameway___waterwavesspreadonthewater.A.asB.thatC.whereD.inwhich

Thetimeisnotfaraway___modemcommunicationswillbecomewidespreadinChina’svastcountryside.A.whenB.beforeC.untilD.as

Thisistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoseperformance____wonaprize.A.is B.are C.has D.have

【2006山东】We''rejusttryingtoreachapoint____bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.A.whereB.thatC.whenD.which

I,___yourgoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.A.whoisB.whoamC.thatisD.whicham

Theoldmanhastwosons,___arelawyers.A.bothofthemB.bothofwhoC.bothofwhomD.bothofthey

Air,___webreatheeveryday,isaroundusallthetime.A.thatB./C.whichD.it

Thisisthemuseum____wesawanexhibitiontheotherday.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat

Thismuseumis___youvisitedtheotherday.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.theone

Thisisthemuseum___yousawtheotherday.A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.inthat

Itisthethirdtime___latethismonth.A.thatyouarrivedB.whenyouarrivedC.thatyou’vearrivedD.whenyou’vearrived

Weoftenthinkofthedays___wespenttogetherontheisland.A.whenB.whichC.inwhichD.duringwhich

HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai,____Ilefttenyearsago?A.whereB.whichC.thatD.when

HehasleftforBeijing,___ameetingistobeheld.A.whenB.whereC.asD.which

Thisistheveryplace___I’mwishingtolivein.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.inwhich

Ihaveboughtthesamedress____sheiswearing.A.asB.thatC.whichD.than

Canyousolvesuchproblems___raisedbytheaudience?A.whatwereB.aswereC.thatwereD.whichwere

Thereason___hedidn’tcomewas____hewasinjured.A.that,becauseB.why,thatC.why,becauseD.that,that

HemustbefromAfrica,____canbeseenfromhisskin.A.thatB.asC.itD.what

Hisfatherdiedlastyear,____madeitimpossibleforhimtogoabroad.A.whenB.whichC.asD.that

___isnatural,hemarriedMary.A.ItB.WhatC.WhichD.As

Thebuses,____werealreadyfull,weresurroundedbyanangrycrowd.A.mostofthemB.mostofwhichC.whichmostD.thatmost

Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson______shecouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom

Sheshowedmethedictionary___shepaidalotofmoney.A.bywhichB.towhichC.forwhichD.onwhich



第三部分写作能力提升



as做关系代词很有用(参看P5考点1)

他如此幽默以致我们都大笑起来。(hishumorwassuch,burstintolaughter)



起初,我认为李老师有点怪,因为他总是问一些没人能回答的问题。(kindofodd,suchquestionsas)



他不是一个把今天事拖到明天做这样的一个人。(suchaman,putoff…untiltomorrow)



我们应当读一些使我们明智的书。(suchbooksas,wiser)



在我生日那天,我收到了像母亲承诺的那样好的一件礼物。(receiveasgoodagift)



我在他的书包里发现了我前几天丢的那只钢笔,这支笔是我朋友送给我的生日礼物。我怒不可遏了。(thesame,agiftfrom,containmyanger)



as,which引导非限制性定语从句(参看P10考点2)

我发现一个老人躺在马路上,我乘出租车立即把他送到了医院,这就是那天上午我迟到的原因。(findsomebodydoing,take…to,)



正在一句谚语所说,"AllworkbutnoplaymakesJackadullboy."如果没有一个强壮的身体,一个人会一事无成。(saying,asoundbody,achieve)



正在图表所显示的那样,这个城市的空气质量在过去两年越来越糟。(asisshowninthechart,theairquality)



我在汉语演讲比赛中获一等奖,这我做梦也没有想到。(winthefirstprize,Chinesespeechcompetition,beyondmywildestdreams.)



在我国,许多学生上不起大学,李华就是这种情况,但这些人却花这么多钱买奢侈品。(can’taffordthefeesto,asisthecasewith,wastemoneybuying,luxury)



使用非限制性定语从句,是写出长的高级句子的最常用的方法(参看P10考点1)

我们的学校,位于内乡西北角,有34年历史。(belocatedin,haveahistoryof)



我们学校里的老师,大多数都是三十多岁,把他们一切都奉献给了我们。(inone’sthirties,devoteoneselfto)



我们学校的领导,都年轻有为,他们也都是教学方面的专家,还经常到外地学习先进的教学和管理经验。(youngandsuccessfulintheircareers,expert,advancedtheoriesinteachingandmanagement)



我们学校有四千多学生,大多数都能用心学习。(themajorityof,putone’sheartinto)



我为我们的学校而感到自豪。在这里,如果我们好好学习的话,一定会考上名牌大学。(beproudof,thereisagoodchancethat,beadmittedto)



综合运用本章所学定语从句内容,翻译下列句子(参看P错误!未定义书签。错误!未找到引用源。)

但是,现在许多公司关心的却是怎样挣到更多的钱,不管环境受到怎样的破坏。(However,all,careabout,makemoney,nomatterhowseriously,theenvironment,damage)



我的家乡已不再是十年前的那个小村庄了,那时到处都是破旧房子,人们食不果腹。(Myhometown,thelittlevillage,when,wornoldhouses,hardlyfeedthemselves)



那个小学的许多学生,他们的父母远在大城市打工,不得不由他们的祖父母照看,而他们的祖父母许多连自己都照顾不了了。(primaryschool,whoseparents,workasmigrantworkers,betakencareof,grandparents)



他是那些学生中唯一一个连续三次获得一等奖的学生。(theonlyone,winthefirstprize,inarow)



参观你所在地城市是一次难忘的经历,一次我将永生珍视的经历。(visitingyourcity,experience,one,valuefortherestofmylife)



















高中英语语法通霸,适合高三复习,也适合高一高二学生学习



如果说学习有捷径可走,那么它就是勤奋;如果说知识就是力量,那么它就是实践。



6

学而时习之,不亦悦乎?



3

Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿,无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试,是成功的一半)











如果说学习有捷径可走,那么它就是勤奋;如果说知识就是力量,那么它就是实践。







高中英语语法通霸,适合高三复习,也适合高一高二学生学习



如果说学习有捷径可走,那么它就是勤奋;如果说知识就是力量,那么它就是实践。







高中英语语法通霸,适合高三复习,也适合高一高二学生学习



如果说学习有捷径可走,那么它就是勤奋;如果说知识就是力量,那么它就是实践。



7

Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿,无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试,是成功的一半)





































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