高考英语专项复习--短文改错讲解分析

NMET短文改错的命题特点1.短文改错的命题通常从以下几方面考虑:i.考察英语的屈折附加成分(以表现英语学科的显著特
点)。ii.学生受本族语影响容易犯的错误。iii.估计考生可能出现的错误。2.用于改错的短文题材为中学生
所熟悉,不会象阅读理解那样,发生因题材陌生而丢分。NMET短文改错的命题内容I.英语的屈折附加成分1.现在
时第三人称单数2.时态3.被动语态4.动名词5.分词
6.不定式7.名词复数8
.代词9.比较形容词10.词性的变化(从一类词派生另一类词)
II.学生受本族语影响容易犯的错误1.英语介词和活跃的动词搭配,构成表达法,是NMET短文改错的重要内容2.
汉语中没有和英语冠词相对应的词语3.英语中的一致现象(一致包括动词与其主语的一致,称谓的一致,主从句中时态的一致等)
4.英语中的平行结构现象(在表达平行概念时,要使用相同的语法结构,平行结构常借助于并列连词and,or,not
only...butalso等。)1.Shesaidsheandmyclassmateallwished
mesuccess.2.Visitingfriendsisoneofthemostcommonoccu
rrenceinoureverydaylife.3.Isawyournameonalistoftea
cherwhowishedtospendtheirholidaysinFrancethissummer.4
.ThisisreallyaproblemweChineseofficialpaymoreattention
to.错误类型例析(1)名词错误错误类型例析(2)冠词错误1.AsIaminexperiencedtea
cher,I’mafraidIhavelittletosayaboutthesubject.2.One
ofthestudentswhoweresittinginfrontgaveadifferentanswer
tothequestion.3.Thecomputerisanusefulmachinethatcan
domanythingsforus.4.AgreatcelebrationwasheldinthePe
ople’sSquareontheNationalDay.5.Manypeopleagreethatthe
knowledgeofEnglishisamustininternationaltrade.6.Hefa
iledbuthewantedtotrythesecondtime.7.Howbeautifullyshe
sings!I’veneverheardthebettervoice.8.Afewfriendshe’d
madetherewereallinvitedtohisbirthdayparty.错误类型例析(3)代词
错误错误类型例析(4)词性错误I’msureyourillnessiscausedbysomethingmo
reseriouslythanoverwork.2.Themixtureofcoffee,milk,and
sugartastesdifferentlyfromtea.3.Myhometownhastakenona
newlook.Howgreatithaschanged!4.Helistenedtohisheart
andsaidtherewasnothingseriouswrongwithhim.错误类型例析(5)时态
与语态错误1.Doyouknowwhatsubjectstheystudywhiletheywereat
college?2.ItwasalongtimesinceIsawTomatmyuncle’sand
Idon’tknowwherehe’sbeenthesemonths.3.Theshiphardlyl
efttheportwhenaterriblestormcame.4.Thetimeissureto
comewhenmywordscometrue.5.Therulerequiresthateveryone
havehisbike,neworold,checkedonceayear.6.Therebythe
riversittinganoldmanwhoseemedtobefishing.7.Youarew
etallover.Youmusthavecaughtinthesuddenheavyrain.8.I
nthesummerof1998,seriousfloodswereoccurredinmanyparts
ofChina.错误类型例析(6)非谓语动词错误1.Wemustdoeverythingwecanhelp
LinPinginhisfirstyearofteaching.2.Shedidnothingbut
criedallday.3.Jackwassaidtobemadestaybehindbyhiste
acherafterschoolyesterday.4.Peopleexpecttheirelectingof
ficialstobehonest.错误类型例析(7)冗言错误1.Ineverknewthataride
downarivercouldbesomuchexciting.2.Wemuststudyhardi
nordertoserveforthepeoplebetterinthefuture.3.Ihope
thatbothyoutwocouldcomeandvisitussometimesoon.4.Tod
ayIvisitedtheSmiths-----myfirsttimevisittoanAmerican
family.错误类型例析(8)连词错误连词(conjunction)错误主要有并列连词and,but,
or的误用、固定搭配中的连词使用错误以及根据上下文的关系连词使用错误等。解题时要根据词与词、句子与句子之间的关系来判断连接词的使
用是否正确或是否多余或遗漏，要注意句子结构的完整性。1.Itisaveryimportantexamination
butIcan’taffordtofailit.2.Thenewpersononthejob
feelsbetterafter heandshehasplayedtenniswithother peop
leintheoffice.3.Insomeplacesyoucanborrowmanybooksas
youwant.4.Peopleinindustrialcountriescanexpectto
livefortwicesolongaspeoplewholivedafewhundredyearsag
o.6.Mostpeoplecangethelpfromadoctororgotoahospital
sincetheyareill.7.It’syearsafterIpaintedapicture.8
.Wetriedtofixitandtherewasnothingwecoulddo.错误类型例析(9
)介词错误1.Willyoujoininusifwedecidetodothenewexperime
nt?2.Lisawasworkingasasecretaryinabigfirmforthefir
sttimeImether.3.Shegoestovisitherparentsinthecount
ryonceinamonth.4.Thediscoveryshe’smadeinmedicineisgr
eatimportancetoscience.5.Shehadafeelingthatthesad-l
ookingmanwasnotapersonshecouldtrustortalk.6.Ittook
placeintheafternoonwhenImetyouinthestreet.7.Weareh
opingthataconcertwillsoonbegiven,onwhichtheworksofLi
sztwillbeplayed.8.CaribbeanmusicisquitepopularinBrita
in,anditisverygoodmusictodance.错误类型例析(10)定语从句错误1.The
firstpassengershadleftthesinkingshipwerewomenandchildr
en.2.Thetechnicianstookasingledaytocomplete thewo
rkIhadplannedtofinishitwithina week.3.Allofasu
ddenthelightswentoutinthe dinning-room,wheretheguestsw
erehaving dinnerthere.4.Inclassourteacherspoketou
saboutthe writerandhisworkswhichwerestill unknowntous
all.5.Idon’tthinkitisoneofthebestfilmsthathaseve
rbeenshownthisyear.6.Itwasnotuntil1979whenhegothap
pilybacktowork.7.Atthattimesomethingunexpected h
appenedtohisfamily,thismadeit necessaryforhimtostops
choolandworkinsociety.8.IdecidedtowriteChaplin,o
neofhisfilmsIhadseensevenyearsbefore.错误类型例析(11)主谓一致错误
谓语动词的人称和数与主语不一致。1.Thenumberofpassengerskilledintheacci
dentweresurprising.2.Noteverystudentinalltheclasseskn
owtheimportanceofmasteringtheEnglishlanguage.3.Allthro
ughhislifeEinsteinbelievedfightingandkillinginwarwerew
rong.4.Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyareagoodhabi
t.5.Althoughmanyofthehousesinthesmalltownarestillin
needofrepair,therehavebeenmuchimprovementintheirappeara
nces.6.Thefirsttwoquestionsinthetestpaperweredifficul
t,buttherestwaseasy.7.Nickislookingforanotherjobbec
ausenothinghedoessatisfyhisboss.8.Anyonecanborrowbook
sanditcostnothingtoborrowthem.错误类型例析(12)名词性从句错误主要是连接词
的多余、遗漏和误用。1.Itdidn’tmatterthatIwouldwinornot.2.If
youhearsomethingyoudon’tunderstand,justlistencalmly,and
itwillhelpyoutomakeclearthatyoudon’tunderstand.3.Li
ttleisknownabouthischildhoodexcepthebegantoworkinafa
ctoryattheageoften.5.Whattheoldman’ssonwantedtokn
owiswhythegoldhadbeenhidden.6.Whatmodernscienceandt
echnologyhelpsthesocietyprogressisafactacceptedbymostp
eople.7.Whatthedoctorreallydoubtsisthatmymotherwillr
ecoverfromtheseriousillness.8.You’reresponsibletowhomev
erisinchargeofsales.错误类型例析(13)平行结构错误1.Helookedatthe
childrenplayingunderthetreeandfeelingverypleased.2.Pl
ayingfootballnotonlymakesusgrowtallandstrongbutalsogi
veusasenseoffairplayandteamspirit.3.Ikeepabakeryo
pennottodobusinessbutmakesuretheshopissafe.6.Thefir
stthingshecoulddowasgouptohertrainerandthankedherfo
rallthehelpshehadgivenher.7.CharlesandLindaMansondo
allofthesethingsaswellasclimbedbuildings.8.ItoldFath
er,Mother,Sister,allmyfriendswhatatimeIhad.错误类型例析(14)
词语误用主要是对英语中的同义词、近义词辨认不清而造成的错误。1.Theteachersawabroke
ncupandtriedtofindwhohadbrokenit.2.Itmakesyougood
tolieinthesunshineorswiminthesea.3.Shefixedallthe
radiosbesidesthesmallestone,becausetherewerenopartsfor
it.4.Fromthefactwecansaywho’srightandwho’swrong.5
.Pleaseopentheletterandtellmewhatitwrites.6.Theroo
mwastoocoldforaninety-year-oldwomantolivein,sotheyma
deafiretogetthetemperaturerisen.7.Inmyopinion,theyw
erenotpossibletogiveupthechanceoftakingpartintheinte
rnationalbookfair.8.Icouldn’tseeawordontheblackboard
asIdidn’tsitcloselytoit.错误类型例析(15)行文逻辑错误行文逻辑错误是短文改错
中最难的一种设计形式。要识别和改正这种错误，必须通篇考虑，从全文以及句与句之间的逻辑关系上去判断是否有与全文或句与句之间的语境不一
致的错误表达。asorsoasbutsincewhenTherewason
ceafarmerworkedveryhard1._____every
day.Onedaywhenhewashoeinginthe2._____sunshine,hesudd
enlylistenedalowsound3._____“Pe
ng!”.Heturnedandhurriedtothetree.
Hefoundarabbitdying.Hetookheldofthe4._____
rabbitandwasexciting.“Whatarabbit!I’l
l5._____haveittodinner!”Thenhe
hadagoodidea,6._____“Whycan’tIwaitfor
morerabbitshere?It’scoolunderthetr
ee.”Sohedroppedoffhishoeandwaitther
e.Butdayafterday,there7._______
hadnomorerabbitscoming.Whatwasworse,8_____
allthehiscropsweredead.Thestorytells 9.__
_____usthatyouwanttogetsomething,youmust10.____wo
rkhardforit.Remember,“Nopains,nogains!”^who√heardho
ldexcitedforwaitedwerethe^if介词错误有介词的遗漏、副词性和连词性词组前使用多余的介词及
固定搭配中的介词误用等。(in)(for)(in)(of)(to)(on)(at)(to)①从句中缺少作主语的
关系代词。②从句中使用了多余的人称代词。③that与which的误用。④关系代词与关系副词的误用。⑤非限制性定语从句中使用人
称代词、物主代词、指示代词。⑥从句谓语动词的人称和数与先行词不一致。⑦定语从句与强调句型误用。(who/that)(that
)(it)(there)(whose)(which)(that)(have)(was)(knows)(was)
(is)(has)(were)(satisfies)(costs)(whether)(what)(that)(Th
at)(where)(whether)(whoever)在表达相同的概念是要使用相同的语法结构，即动词与动词想配（其时态及
其他变化形式要一致），形容词与形容词相配，分词与分词相配，短语与短语相配等。平行结构常借助于连词and,or,but,以及连词
词组notonly…butalso,not..but,either…or,aswellas,rathertha
n等。(felt)(gives)(to)(thank)(climbing)(and)(out)(well)(
except)(tell)(close)(likely)(raised)(about)
高考英语专项指导短文改错HowtodoProof-readingMarch16th,2009ste
psofdoingproof-reading1.Gothroughthewholepassagetoget
ageneralidea.(浏览全文，掌握大意）2.Readthepassagesentencebysente
nceandfindthemistakes.（分句阅读，逐行找错）3.Readthepassageforthe
thirdtime,checktheanswersandcorrectthedifficultones.（检
查核对，攻克难点）Weallhadagoodtimetoday.2.Icanreturntoschoo
lnow.3.Ilikeplayingpiano.4.Imajorataccounting.the
Wrongword∧MissingwordintoUnnecessaryword√rightword动
词形，名词数．还要注意形和副．代词格，细领悟介词短语须关注．习惯用法要记住．冠词连词常光顾．ALi
merick(classmates)(occurrences)(teachers)(officials)名词错误主要考查
名词单复数错误。确定名词单复数的方法：①看修饰语。可数名词前若有数词及many,alotof,quiteafew,o
neof…,allthe(one’s)…等修饰时，要用复数。②主谓的一致。③可数名词前无单数修饰语，一定要用复数。④看其他
限定。5.IsittruethatsomeGermenwillcometovisitourschool
nextweek?6.Therearesomanykindsofcomputersonsalethat
wecan’tmakeupourmindwhichtobuy.7.Allthewomando
ctorsinthehospitalgotapresentontheeighthofMarch.
Germansmindswomen冠词是英语中特有的词类。由于汉语中没有相对应的词类，所以中国学生对它的用法感到非常难以掌握
。短文改错对冠词的考查几乎年年都有，但多是基本用法如：不可数名词表泛指，前面多冠词；专有名词前多冠词；单数可数名词前缺冠词;不定冠
词a,an与定冠词the的误用以及固定搭配中的冠词错误等。(an)(the)(a)(the)aaa(The)
1.Mr.Johnsongavehisfriends,MaryandI,ateaparty.2
.Ihavethesameideaashis.3.Wegotontheschoolbusandw
hichtookusstraighttothePeople’sPark.mehe/himit代词错误主要有
人称代词格的误用，不定代词使用错误，作形式主语与形式宾语it的遗漏或误用以及代词所指代的内容与先行词在性和数方面不一致等。5.
Thefootballteamhasdonewellthisyear.Alloftheirmembers
havetrainedhard.6.Hedesignednewtoolswhichwerefitfort
heuserswhentheyworkedwithit.7.Haven’tImadethisclear
thatyoumustn’tspiteverywhere?itsthemit根据词在句中的位置及与其他词的
修饰与被修饰的关系来确定词的正确形式，词在句中不同的句法功能要求使用相应的词性。词性误用包括形容词副词误用和其他词性误用。连系动词
后或名词前用形容词，修饰行为动词、形容词副词、过去分词或整个句子用副词。seriousdifferentgreatlys
eriously5.Usuallyatthebeginofameeting,wesangthenation
alsong.6.WhenIheardthestepsoutside,Ihurriedlywentuptothewindowtoseewhopastby.beginningpassed时态错误：根据语境用错时态;根据句子结构或句意用错时态;根据连词对称性原则用错时态及根据时间状语用错时态。解题时应根据特定的语境、特定的时间状语提示，正确调整时态。语态错误：是该用被动语态却用了主动语态或不能用于被动语态的词如happen,takeplace,occur,sellwell,belongto等却用了被动语态。studiedishadwillhassatbeen(were)主要是不定式符号to的多余与遗漏，动名词作主语和介词宾语时误用原形动词，现在分词与过去分词的误用等。to(cry)toelected6.Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadtosetupsomeschoolsforpoorchildren.7.DrTichauerhasdiscoveredthatusethesametoolsalldaylongformanyyearswillcauseseriousillnesses.8.Therewasnomorebuses,theyhadnochoicebuttowalkhome.settingusingbeing冗言错误是指受汉语的影响，句中用了多余的词，造成语义重复。主要有形容词副词比较级前用了多余的more，动词后接介词或副词造成语义重复以及句中使用多余的词等。(time)(both)(for)(much)