ReadingComprehension10
Questions1-5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
????Duringherchildhood,Rachelshowedaninterestinnatureandinwriting.Afterhighschool,sheenrolledinPennsylvaniaStateCollegeforWomen,intendingtobecomeawriter.Sheswitchedtobiology,however,therebysettingthecourseofherlife.RachelwenttoJohnsHopkinsUniversityinBaltimoreforfurtherstudyandbecameamemberofthezoologystaffattheUniversityofMaryland.
????Forfifteenyears,RachelworkedfortheUnitedStatesFishandWildlifeService,writingandeditingpublications.Fortunately,heremployerencouragedhertoreachalargeraudience.Rachel''spoeticstyleofwritinginthreebooksabouttheoceancaughttheimaginationofthegeneralreader.HerraretalentasbothaphysicalscientistandagiftedwriterearnedhertheNationalBookAwardforTheSeaAroundUs.
????Rachel''snextbookmarkedherasaleadingconservationistandacrusader(努力消除公害的人)forthepreservationofthenaturalenvironment.ShebeganwritingSilentSpring,knowingthatshewouldbepersonallyattackedandridiculed.Shecontinuedwritingdespitetheillhealththatslowedherprogress.Uponcompletingthebook,shewrotetoaclosefriend,"IhavefeltboundbyasolemnobligationtodowhatIcould—ifIdidn''tatleasttryIcouldneveragainbehappyinnature.ButnowIcanbelieveIhaveatleasthelpedalittle."
????RachelCarsondidmorethanhelpalittle.Althoughbothgovernmentandindustryopposedher,specialistsinpublichealth,thepress,andthepublicitselfallsupportedherfightagainsttheirresponsibleuseofinsecticides.HerbookeventuallyledthegovernmenttobanDDT.
1.Thispassageisconcernedmainlywith_____.
A)theenvironmentalrevolutionintheUnitedStates
B)RachelCarsonasapoeticwriter
C)thepopularityofTheSeaAroundUsandSilentSpring
D)RachelCarsonasaconservationist
1.D）文章首句点明RachelCarson自幼即“showedaninterestinnatureandwriting”，尔后以笔为武器致力宣传环境保护，并作出显著的贡献。
2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?
A)Asachild,Rachellovedbooksandthenaturalworld.
B)Rachelstartedherhighereducationaimingatbecomingawriter.
C)ShedecidedtoswitchhermajortobiologyinJohnsHopkinsUniversity.
D.)RachelwontheNationalBookAwardforTheSeaAroundUs.
2.C）她是在“PennsylvaniaStateCollegeforWomen”而并非在“JohnsHopkinsUniversity”内念书时改学biology的。
3.ShebegantowriteSilentSpringbecause_____.
A)heremployerencouragedhertodoso
B)shefeltobligedtofightagainstthepoisoningoftheearth
C)herpoeticwritingstylewasverymuchappreciatedbythegeneralreader
D)sheknewthatitwouldnotbringheranypersonalharm
3.B）第三段第一句“Rachel''snextbook（即SilentSpring）markedherasacrusaderforthepreservationofthenaturalenvironment”，即说明此点。
4.Thestatement"RachelCarsondidmorethanhelpalittle"inthefourthparagraphsignifiesthat_____.
A)sheplayedasignificantroleintheenvironmentalrevolution
B)shehadprovedherselftobeanoutstandingwriter,poetandscientist
C)sheknewtheimportanceofwhatshewasdoingandshesucceeded
D)shedevotedherwholelifetohelpingfriendsandthosesufferingfromthepoisonedenvironment
4.A）“R.Carsondidmorethanhelpalittle”一句所说明的，正是此项所包含的内容。
5.Wecandrawfromthepassagetheconclusionthat_____.
A)RachelCarsonwasthefirstandthelastleadingconservationist
B)peoplewillrememberRachelCarsonasagiftedandoutstandingwriter
C)whoeverdoeshisbesttoworkintheinterestofmankindwillenjoysupportfrom,andprestigeamong,thecommonpeople
D)itisduetothecontributionsofRachelCarsonthatpeoplearenowlivinginacleanenvironment
5.C）A）项和D）项意思太绝对，可排除；B）项内容只提及她作为一个作家的才能，而忽略了文章更侧重的一面��即她作为一个conservationist所做的贡献。所以C）项是我们能从文章中所得出的合理而完整的结论。
Questions6-10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
????Haveyoueverbeenstartledbyaloudnoiseorbysomeoneappearingsuddenlybehindyouonadarknightorbyasnakeinthegrass?Doyourememberthesudden,tightfeelinginyourchest,thewayyourheartstartedtopound,thewayyouseemedtobreathemorerapidly?Suchreactionsoccurredbecauseyouwerefrightened.Yourbrainsentasignaltothespecialglandinyourbodycalledtheadrenalgland.Otherpartsofyourbodywereinvolved,too,buttheadrenalglandhasaveryspecialfunction.
????Theadrenalglandislocatedontopofyourkidney.Sinceyouhavetwokidneys,youalsohavetwoadrenalglands.Eachadrenalglandisdividedintotwoparts:acortexandamedulla.Thecortexformstheoutershell;themedullaformsthecentralcore.Boththecortexandthemedullasecretehormones,buttheyhavedifferentfunctions.
????Thecortexproducesmorethanfortydifferentchemicalcompoundsandhormones.Allthesethingsareessentialtosustainlife.Themedullasecretesadrenalin(alsocalledepinephrine,thehormonethatpreparesthebodyforemergencies).
????Whenyouaresuddenlyfacedwithadangerousorstressfulsituation,partofyourbraininstantlysendsasignaltotheadrenalgland,andallsortsofthingsbegintohappeninyourbody.Themedullareleasesanextraamountofadrenalinintothebloodstream.Theadrenaliniscarriedrapidlythroughoutthebody,stimulatingotherglandsandsystems.
6.Inthispassage,theauthorismainlydiscussingthefunctionof_____.
A)thehumanbrain
B)glandsandsystemsinthebody
C)thecortexoftheadrenalgland
D)themedullaoftheadrenalgland
6.D)关于cortex文章虽也提到，但更侧重于讲述medulla的功能。
7.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?
A)Theadrenalglandislocatedontopofthekidney.
B)Eachkidneyiscomposedoftwoadrenalglands.
C)Themedullaisinsidethecortex.
D)Thecortexandthemedullahavedifferentfunctions.
7.B)文章第二段第一行“Sinceyouhavetwokidneys,youalsohavetwoadrenalglands”，说明“Eachkidneyonlyhasoneadrenalgland”。
8.Itis______thatmainlyhelpsyourespondtoadangerousorstressfulsituation.
A)asignalsentbyyourbrain
B)thespecialfunctionoftheadrenalgland
C)allstimulatedpartsofyourbody
D)Allofthese
8.B)见最后一段第一句“Whenyouaresuddenlyfacedwith...”。
9.Whatcouldbesaidabouttheadrenalin?
A)Itissecretedbythekidneysintothebloodstream.
B)Itisthehormonethatpreparesthebodyforemergencies.
C)Itistheonlyusefulhormoneproducedinthebody.
D)Itisessentialtosustainlife.
9.B）见第三段第二至第三行“Themedullasecretesadrenalin...thehormonethathormonethatpreparesthebodyforemergencies”一句。
10.Whatdoyousupposetheauthorwillgoontodiscussinthefollowingparagraphs?
A)Thebrainsystem.
B)Functionsofthekidneys.
C)Otherhumanorgansrelatedtothekidneys.
D)Reactionsofthebodytostressanddanger.
10.D）本文最后一段已述及人体遇到危险和压力时,medulla立即发挥作用，将adrenalin分泌至身体各部位，下文很可能进一步具体讲述身体各部位是如何作出反应的。
Questions11-15arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
????Theoutsideworldbeginscreepingintotheschoolswhenthechildrenreachtheageof13andolder,theagewhentheybegintomakesubjectchoicesandwhen,accordingtoacareersofficer,"theyknow-ifthey''reascientificlotormoreinclinedtothearts".Thedifficultpartisbringingtheoutsideworldtolifewithallitsopportunitiesandrealities.Schoolsarehandicappedbecausetheyarestaffedbypeoplewhoonlyknowaboutschools.Careersservicesareheavilyinfluencedbywhatisreadilyavailableinthearea,whichmaybesausage-makinginWiltshireorship-buildinginClydeside.SomewhereoutintheworldtherearesnailgeneticistsandlandscapegardenersandgirlswhopolishElizabethTaylor''sdiamonds,butthecareersofficerknowslittleofthem.WhatheknowsaboutisengineeringandhairdressingandopportunitiesintheArmy.Itisnotsurprisingthatthisconstantfrictionbetweengrandaspirationsanduninspiredrealityproducescynicisminbothparties.
????Wherevertheywork,sixteenandseventeen-year-oldscanfindthemselvesusedascheaplabour,pickingthingsupofffloors,fetchingandcarrying.Somearepaidareasonablewagebutitisquitepossibletobepaidonlypocket-money.That''sintheliving-injobslikehotelwork.Thereisasmallbreakthroughofgirlsintotraditionallymalepreserveslikeagriculture,butthatmaybebecauseveryfewboysnowwouldputupwiththelowwages.Mostgirls,despitewomen''sliberation,headstraightforhairdressing,nursingorofficeworkanddreamofbeingsweptofftheirfeetbytheboss.
11.Inwhatsensedoestheauthorsaytheoutsideworldbegins"creepingintoschools"whenchildrenfirstmakesubjectchoices?
A)Childrenbegintobecomeinterestedincareerspossiblyopentothem.
B)Childrenknowwhattheyaregoodat,scienceorarts.
C)Childrenstarttomakeconstantcontactwithcareersofficers.
D)Childrenstarttobeconcernedwithwhatoccupationstheywillbeabletoobtain.
11.A)文章第一段提及当学童“begintomakesubjectchoices”时，实际上他们也就是根据自己的气质或爱好（ascientificlotormoreinclinedtothearts），开始对今后的事业在作准备。
12.Theresultofthepresentstaffingarrangementsinschoolsisthat_____.
A)teacherscanconcentrateonteaching
B)schoolscanofferlittlehelpinfindingcareeropportunities
C)studentsarewellpreparedforwhateverjobstheywillget
D)studentsleaveschoolunqualified
12.B)见文章第五、六行“Schoolsare...staffedbypeoplewhoonlyknowaboutschools"一句。
13.Accordingtothepassage,theyouthbecomecynicalbecause_____.
A)theyfeeltheyaremisledbycareersofficers
B)theycan''taccomplishinrealitytheirstrongdesirestobecomescientistsortodosomethinggreat
C)whattheylearnatschoolisquitedifferentfromwhattheyseeinsociety
D)theyaretreatedunfairlyinsociety
13.B）见第一段最后一句:“Itisnotsurprisingthatthisconstantfrictionbetweengrandaspirationsanduninspiredrealityproducescynicisminbothparties”。
14.Accordingtotheauthor,somegirlsstarttoengageinagricultureprobably_____.
A)becausetheythinktheycandowhatboyscando
B)becausetheyhavenootheralternatives
C)becausetherelienewcareeropportunities
D)becausethat''swhattheWomen''sLiberationMovementadvocates
14.D）文章第二段第四行先点出“…asmallbreakthroughofgirlsintotraditionallymalepreserveslikeagriculture…”接下来又提及‘despitewomen''sliberation”，说明虽然大部分年轻的妇女仍从事传统性的妇女职业，而这部分从事农业的年轻女子，很可能是在身体力行“Woman''sLiberationMovement”的主张。
15.Asuitabletitleforthepassagemightbe_____.
A)TheGloomyJobSituationfortheYouth
B)TheDifficultiesinJobHuntingfortheYouth
C)TheDisabilityofCareersOfficers
D)TheFrictionbetweenAspirationsandReality
15.B）文章主要讲述了青年人在选择工作方面的困难。
Questions16-20arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
????Testinghasreplacedteachinginmostpublicschools.Myownchildren''sschoolweekisframedbypretests,drills,tests,andretests.Theyknowthatthebestwaytoreadatextbookistolookatthequestionsattheendofthechapterandthenskimthetextfortheanswers.IbelievethatmydaughterErica,whogetsexcellentmarks,hasneverreadachapterofanyofherschooltextbooksallthewaythrough.Andteachersareoftenheardtostateproudlyandopenlythattheyteachtothemandatedstatetest.
????Teachingtothetestisacuriousphenomenon.Insteadofdecidingwhatskillsstudentsoughttolearn,helpingstudentslearnthem,andthenusingsomesensiblemethodsofassessmenttodiscoverwhetherstudentshavemasteredtheskills,teachersareencouragedtoreversetheprocess.Firstonelooksatacommerciallyavailabletest.Thenonedistillstheskillsneedednottomasterreading,say,ormath,buttodowellonthetest.Finally,thetestskillsaretaught.
????Theabilitytoreadorwriteorcalculatemightimplytheabilitytodoreasonablywellonstandardizedtests.However,neitherreadingnorwritingdevelopssimplythroughbeingtaughttotaketests.Wemustbecarefultoavoidmistakingpreparationforatestofaskillwiththeacquisitionofthatskill.Toomanydiscussionsofbasicskillsmakethisfundamentalconfusionbecausepeoplearetestobsessedratherthanconcernedwiththenatureandqualityofwhatistaught.
????Recentlymanyschoolshavefacedwhatcouldbecalledthecrisisofcomprehensionor,insimpleterms,thephenomenonofstudentswithphonicandgrammarskillsstillbeingunabletounderstandwhattheyread.Thesestudentsarecompetentattesttakingandfillinginworkbooksanddittomasters.Howevertheyhavelittleornoexperiencereadingorthinking,andtalkingaboutwhattheyread.Theyknowthedetailsbutcan''tseeorunderstandthewhole.Theyaretaughttobesoconcernedwithgradethattheyhavenotimeoreaseofmindtothinkaboutmeaning,andrereadthingsifnecessary.
16.TheauthorgivesanaccountofErica''sperformanceinherstudyinorderto_____.
A)illustrateherclevernessintest-taking
B)revealtheincompetenceofteachers
C)showthereissomethingwrongwithcurrentpracticeinteaching
D)demonstratethebestwaytoreadtextbooks
16.C)见第一段第四行：“IbelievethatmydaughterErica，whogetsexcellentmarks，hasneverreadachapterofanyofherschooltextbooksallthewaythrough”一句。
17.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?
A)Thephenomenonofteachingtothetesthasarousedcuriosityinmanyeducators.
B)Skillsingeneralarenotonlyuselessbutoftenleadstudentsastray.
C)Abilitytoreadandwriteisonething,andabilitytodowellonstandardizedtestsisquiteanother.
D)Preparationforatestofaskilldoesnotnecessarilymeantheacquisitionofthatskill.
17.D）见第三段第三行“Wemustbecarefultovoidmistakingpreparationforatestofaskillwiththeacquisitionofthatskill”一句。
18.Theauthorinsiststhat_____.
A)mandatedstatetestsbereplacedbysomemoresensiblemethodsofassessment
B)teacherspaymoreattentiontothenatureandqualityofwhatistaught
C)studentsnotbeconcernedwithgradesbutdomorereadingandthinking
D)radicalchangesbebroughtaboutinthegeneralapproachtoteaching
18.B)第三段最后一句，作者批评某些人“aretestobsessedratherthanconcernedwiththenatureandqualityofwhatistaught”，根据作者的观点，自然是理应对后者予以充分重视的。
19.Wecansafelyconcludethat_____maycauseeducationalproblems.
A)testobsession
B)standardizedtests
C)test-taking
D)preparationformandatedstatetests
19.A)见第三段第四行至五行：“Toomanydiscussionsofbasicskillsmakethisfundamentalconfusionbecausepeoplearetestobsessed...”。
20.By"crisisofcomprehension"theauthormeansmanystudents_____.
A)aretoomuchconcernedwithgrades
B)failtounderstandtherealgoalofeducation
C)lackproperpracticeinphonicandgrammardrills
D)areunabletounderstandwhattheyread,thoughtheydoreasonablywellonstandardizedtests
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