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初一同步辅导英语Unit3
2013-11-19 | 阅:  转:  |  分享 
  
本周学习重点

七年级上册Unit3?TheEarth

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重点语法:

1.可数与不可数名词

2.therebe句型

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重点及难点解析

一、可数与不可数名词

〖教材典句〗

1.Theearthprovidesuswithair,waterandfood.

2.Therearemanydifferentplants.

3.TherearealsomanypeoplelikeyouandmeonEarth.

4.Thereisalotofpollution.

5.Wemuststopdoingthesethings.

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以上5个句子是本单元的主要句型,也是我们本单元的语法知识点。

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〖语法全解〗名词详解

?考点归纳

1.可数名词的复数变化

1)规则变化

(1)大多数都直接在名词后加-s。

(2)以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词加-es。

(3)以元音字母+y结尾的名词加-s,如boys,days;但以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,先变y为i,再加-es,

如babies,flies,libraries;以辅音字母+y结尾的专有名词直接加-s,如Marys,Henrys等。

(4)以-o结尾的名词,大多数在词尾加-s,如bamboos,radios,photos,kilos,但也有少数加-es,如potatoes,tomatoes,heroes;而zero两种形式均可。

(5)-f,-fe结尾的名词,大部分将-f,-fe改成v,再加-es,如knives,halves,thieves,shelves,leaves,wives,

wolves;但也有少数直接加-s,如roofs,beliefs,safes;而handkerchief和scarf两种均可。

背记小口诀:

妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去砍狼(wolf),小偷(thief)吓得发了慌;躲在架(shelf)下保己(self)命(life),半(half)片树

叶(leaf)遮面包(loaf)。

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2)不规则变化

(1)单复数同形sheep,fish,deer,Chinese,Japanese。

(2)变内部元音man-men,tooth-teeth,mouse-mice,foot-feet,goose-geese。

(3)其他形式。

child-children?ox-oxen?grown-up-grown-ups(成年人)passer-by-passers-by(过路人)

?brother-in-law-brothers-in-law(姐夫,妹夫)

man与woman作定语修饰的名词改为复数时,两者都要改为复数,如:twowomendoctors,manymenleaders。

但是boy,girl作定语修饰复数名词时用单词形式。例如twogirlstudents.

3)特殊的复数形式

(1)只有复数,没有单数形式。如:trousers裤子,clothes衣服,shorts短裤,goods商品,glasses眼镜,shoes鞋子

等。

(2)集合名词不能用具体的数字修饰,只能在其前加the表示全体,如:thepolice,theEnglish,thepeople,动词也

用复数形式,但family,class,team,group等集合名词,若指整体,看作单数形式,若指其中的成员,则看作

复数形式,动词也应该有相应变化。

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【注意】:可数名词的量可以用many,few,afew,several,a(large/great)numberof,等来修饰,

?而some,any,enough,alotof,lotsof,plentyof,等既可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词。

?而much,alittle,little,agreatdealof修饰不可数名词。

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2.不可数名词

(1)不可数名词一般只有单数形式,前面不能直接加冠词,但在一些固定短语中有些不可数名词也可转化为可数名词,

??如haveagoodtime,aheavyrain,astrongwind等。

(2)不可数名词一般没有复数形式,只有单数形式,它的前面不能用不定冠词a/an,若要表示它的个体意义时,

??一般需要将其量化。

不可数名词如何量化:就是在不可数名词前面加上“数词+量词+of”,比如:

paper(纸),?cloth(布),?news(新闻),?advice(意见),?information(信息),?,?meat(肉)?)

?a?piece?of?paper?一张纸条??two?bottles?of?ink?两瓶墨水;?a?piece?of?bread一块面包。

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3.常以复数形式出现的名词

People(人),clothes(衣服),trousers(裤子),police(警察),glasses(眼镜),这些名词做主语时,同学们应特别注意它们的谓语要用复数。

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4.复数形式的单数名词

有些名词看似复数形式,实际上是单数。这一点是同学不易掌握的,应特别加以记忆。???

如:news(消息),maths(数学),physics(物理),Nonewsisgoodnews.

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5.名词的所有格

(1)名词所有格一般都是在结尾加’s,如Kate’s,但以-s结尾的复数,只加“’”,如Teachers’Day;of+名词用来表

示无生命东西的所有关系,如theproblemoftheAmericans。???

但表示时间、距离、国家、地点等无生命的名词,所有格也有’s的形式,如twodays’trip。

(2)当某物为两人共有时,名词所有格为A+B’s,eg.JimandTom’sroom(共同所有)。

?而当某物为各人所有时为A’s+B’s,Jim’sandTom’srooms(各自所有)。

(3)双重所有格则指:of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词,如acousinofmyfather''s,afriendofmine。

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链接中考题

【例1】

Thebiggest??32?isthatinJapan,onlygirlsandwomengivechocolatestoboysandmen.(2012广州市中考试题)

????A.difference?????????????????B.differences??????????????C.different???????????????D.differently

【解析】本题出自于语法填空,指最大的一个不同点,所以应该选择名词的单数形式,Cdifferent是形容词形式,

?Ddifferently是副词形式,因此正确答案为A。

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【例2】

Mostpeoplelookforwardtothe43,atimewhentheycanenjoyachangefromtheirnormallife.(2008广州市中考试题)

43.A.dreams????????B.gifts????????C.meals????????D.holidays

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【解析】本题出自于完型填空,根据题目的意思,应该是指大部分的人都期待一个假期来过一段不同于日常生活的时光,所以正确答案为D.

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考点精练

.Choosethebestanswer

1.We’llhavea_______holiday.WhataboutgoingtotheWestLake?

??????A.twodays??????????B.two-day???????????C.two-days?????????????????D.two-days’

2.Linda,I’veboughtmany______.Nowlet’smakethebirthdaycake.

??????A.fresheggs????????B.chocolatemilk??C.frozenfood????????????????????D.ricedumplings

3.??Doyouknowwhosethispairof_____is?

?????A.taxis??????????????????B.flowers??????????????????C.jeans????????????????D.umbrellas

4.?Inhisletter,UncleLeetoldusmany______abouthisvisittotheUnitedStates.

A.news??????????????????B.stories??????????????????C.information??????????D.truth

5.?LiDongisafriendofmy_____.?Weoftenplaycardgamestogether.

A.brother?????????????B.brothers????????????????C.brother’s?????????D.brothers’

6.?MissSmithdoesn’thave_____houseworktodotoday.

A.apiece??????????????B.many????????????????????C.alot????????????????D.much

7.?Ididn’tthinkiteasyforayounggirltofinishsomuchworkin_______.

??????A..twodays’time????????????????????B..two-daystime

??????C..twoday’stime????????????????????D..twodaystime

8.?Wehadmanypens,but?????????ink.

A.few????????????????????????B.afew??????????????????????C.notmany?????????????????D.notmuch

9.??Hewrote???????lettertohisparentsyesterday.

A.a800words????????????????????B.an800—word??????????C.an800—word’s???????D.a800—word

10.?A_____usuallyhelpspeopleputoutthefire.

?????A.farmer?????????????????B.managers????????????????C.fisherman??????????????D.fireman

11.Thereare_____birdsinthatbigtree.

???????A.hundredsof????????B.fivehundredsof????C.fivehundredof?????D.hundredof

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Keys:1-5BACBC?????????6-11DADBDA

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重点及难点解析

二、therebe句型学习

therebe句型基本认识

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1、定义:Therebe句型表示某处存在某物或某人。

2、结构:(1)Thereis+单数可数名词/不可数名词+地点状语.

????????(2)Thereare+复数名词+地点状语.

注意事项:?there是引导词,在句中不充当任何成分,翻译时也不必译出。句子的主语是某人或某物,谓语动词be要与主语(某人或某物)的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时,谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。如:

①Thereisabirdinthetree.??树上有一只鸟。????Thereisateacherandmanystudentsinourclassroom.?我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。????Therearetwoboysandagirlunderthetree.树下有两个男孩,一个女孩。?

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therebe句型的常考点

考点一:各种句型转化。

1:变成否定

Therebe句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样,在be后加上not或no即可。注意not和no的不同:not是副词,no为形容词,nota/an/any+n.相当于no+n.。例如:??1)Therearesomepicturesonthewall.

??→Therearen''tanypicturesonthewall.

???=Therearenopicturesonthewall.????

?2)Thereisabikebehindthetree.

??→Thereisn''tabikebehindthetree.

???=Thereisnobikebehindthetree.

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2:变成一般疑问句

Therebe句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首,再在句尾加上问号即可。但同时要注意:当肯定句中有some时,要将其改为any(否定变化也一样)。

ThereissomewateronMars.→IsthereanywateronMars??Therearesomefishinthewater.→Arethereanyfishinthewater?

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?3:特殊疑问句

对主语提问:当主语是人的时候,则用who引导,当主语是物的时候,则用what引导。注意:无论原句的主语是单数还是复数,对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如:????Therearemanythingsoverthere.→What''soverthere?????Thereisalittlegirlintheroom.→Whoisintheroom???4对地点状语提问:则用where引导。如:

Thereisacomputeronthedesk.→Whereisthecomputer??Therearefourchildrenontheplayground.→Wherearethefourchildren?

?5.对数量提问:一般有两种句型结构:?Howmany+复数名词+arethere+介词短语??Howmuch+不可数名词+isthere+介词短语?

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考点二:therebe句型的时态。

be可以有现在时(thereis/are)、过去时(therewas/were)、将来时(thereis/aregoingtobe或therewillbe)和完成时(therehave/hasbeen);还可用theremustbe,therecan’tbe,thereusedtobe等。如:?【典例】?---There______aconcertthisevening.

??---Yeah.Excitingnews!???A.aregoingtobe???B.isgoingtobe???C.isgoingtohave???D.willhave

?Keys:B

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考点三:therebe句型反意疑问句的构成:be(not)there??如:

【典例】Thereissomemilkinthebottle,____?

?A.isn''tthere??B.aren''tthere??C.isn''tit??D.arethere

?Keys:A?

考点四:therebe句型的主谓一致:

Therebe结构中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致,遵循就近原则。如:

1.There___anyriceinthebowl.

??A.are????B.is???C.isn’t???D.aren’t????2.There___manyapplesonthetreelastyear.????A.havebeen???B.were????C.are???D.is

Keys:1)B??2)B???

考点五:therebe句型用的其他动词:

therebe句型中有时不用动词be,而用come,live,stand,lie,seemtobe,happentobe,等。如:

【典例】There____aknifeandaforkonthetable.?A.seemstobe??B.seemtobe???C.isseemingtobe??D.are

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?剖析:根据就近原则,首先排除B、D,而therebe句型中有时不用动词be,而用come,live,stand,lie,seemtobe等,所以答案应从A、C中选。感官动词一般不用进行时,故C也不正确。答案:A??

注意事项:therebe句型与have句型的区别(1)Therebe句型和have都表示“有”的含义。区别如下:Therebe表示“某处存在某物或某人”;have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”,它表示所有、拥有关系。?如:???Hehastwosons.??他有两个儿子。

Therearetwomenintheoffice.???办公室里有两个男人。(2)当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时,Therebe句型与其可互换。如:?????Aweekhassevendays.

=Therearesevendaysinaweek.一个星期有七天。

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一.单项填空。(?)1.There___not____milkinthecuponthetable.????A.are,many??B.are,much??C.is,many???D.is,much?(?)2.Howmany___arethereintheroom????A.apple???B.students???C.milk???D.paper?(?)3.-Isthisthelastexamwehavetotake??

???-No,butthere____anothertestthreemonthslaterfromnow.????A.willbegoingto??B.is????C.willbe???D.hasbeen(?)4.----Thereisnoairorwateronthemoon.Isthere?

?????----____.??????A.Yes,thereare???B.No,thereisn''t?????C.Yes,thereisn''t??D.No,thereis

(?)5.There?_____afilmtomorrowevening.????????A.willhave???B.have???C.isgoingtobe???D.has(?)6.There________afootballmatchonTVthisevening.??????A.willhave??B.isgoingtobe??C.has???D.isgoingtohave(?)7.There____aschoolatthefootofthehill.?

????A.have???B.stand??C.are???D.stands(?)8.There''sgoingto____intomorrow''snewspapers.

?????A.havesomethingnew??B.havenewsomething???C.besomethingnew???D.benewsomething

(?)9.Thereislittlewaterintheglass,____?

???????A.isn''tthere??B.isn''tit??C.isit??D.isthere(?)10.There____alotofgoodnewsintoday''snewspaper.

????A.is???B.are??C.was????D.were(?)11.There____pencil-box,twobooksandsomeflowersonthedesk.????A.isa????B.aresome???C.hasa????D.havesomekeys:?1-5DBCBC?6-11BDCDAA

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自我检测—做一做

一.选择题

()1.Look!Therearemany______overthere!(广州市西关外国语学校2012学年第一学期期中考试卷)

??Awomandoctors?????Bwomandoctor?????Cwomendoctors?????Dwomansdoctors

()2.Arethereany______wecandotoprotectourearth?(华师附中2012-2013学年度上学期期中考试)

??????A.otherthings???????????B.theotherthings?????C.othersthings??D.thingsother

()3Thereare_______andsomebreadonthetableforbreakfast.(2012-2013学年第一学期天河区期末考试卷)

???A?twoglassesofmilk???????????????????B.twoglassofmilk

C.?twoglassesofmilks???????????????????D.twoglassofmilks

()4There______somemoneyandtwobottlesofjuiceonthedesk.(广州市第二中学2012学年第一学期英语期中考试)

?A.is??????????????????????????????B.are????????????C.has????????????????????????D.have

?(?)5.PeopleinGuangzhouthrow______rubbishawayeveryday.?(广州市第二中学2012学年第一学期英语期中考试)

?????A.many????????????????????B.alot????????????C.much????????????????D.afew

()6.–WhatcanIdoforyou,sir???(广州市第二中学2012学年第一学期英语期中考试)

--I’dliketwobottlesof________?andapieceof________.

????A.milk,bread????????B.orange,eggs????????????????C.applejuice,breads????????????D.water,oranges

()7.Youcangotodifferentkindsofcinemas.Therewillbealotof__36__foryoutoenjoy.

???????36.A.films???????????????B.books????????????????????C.pictures??????????D.animals?

(广州市第二中学2012学年第一学期英语期中考试—完形填空题)

(?)?8.Youcanalsogoshoppingin__37__tobuythingsfromallovertheworld.

????.A.bookshops??????????B.supermarkets??????????C.houses????????????D.museums

(广州市第二中学2012学年第一学期英语期中考试—完形填空题)

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()9.Butthereareserious__38__inbigcitiestoo.Thecostoflivingishigh,andthereare__39__people

????????insomeofbigcities.

?????38.A.competition?????????B.problems????????C.people????????????D.questions

?????39.A.many??????????????????B.no?????????????????????????C.few????????????????D.every

(广州市第二中学2012学年第一学期英语期中考试—完形填空题)

()10.Thesheepeat______grassanddrink_____watereveryday.

????Amany,alotof???Bmuch,lotsof??????Cmany,.much????Dmuch,many

?(?)11Wehaveboughttwo_________forthecomingparty.

????(广东省实验中学2009-2010学年度第一学期期末考试)

?A.boxofapple??????B.boxesofapples???C.boxofapples?????D.boxesofapple

(?)12Hewantstowritedownsomething,soheasksmefor____?

????????????????(广大附中2012-2013学年第一学期期中测试

A.apaper???????????B.somepapers???C.apieceofpaper?????D.somepiecesofpapers

(?)13There______stillsomemilkinthefridge.Wedon’tneedtobuyany.

A.was??????B.is????????C.are???????????????????D.has

?????(广大附中2012-2013学年第一学期期中测试)

(?)14IlivewithmyfatherandmotherinaverybighouseinDongguan.Myparentsare???26??verybusy.

????????????26.A.both??????????????B.two????????C.all??????????D.second

???????????(广大附中2012-2013学年第一学期期中测试)

(?)15Hehad________.Hewasveryhungry.

?(2012学年第一学期广州二中初一年级应元、苏元期中考联考)

A.threebowlofrices?B.threebowlofrice??????C.threebowlsofricesD.threebowlsofrice

(?)16There________alotofbreadandsomeapplesonthetable.

A.has?????????????????????????B.is????????????????????????????C.are??????????????????????????D.were

(2012学年第一学期广州二中初一年级应元、苏元期中考联考)

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自我检测—做一做参考答案

一,选择题?Keys:1-5CAAAC???6-10AAB(BA)B??11-16BCBADB



























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