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初中英语倒装句用法小结
2013-12-16 | 阅:  转:  |  分享 
  
倒装句用法小结

一般来说,倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装,有的倒装是因为语法需要而出现的,有的倒装则是因为结构平衡的需要而出现的。

一、完全倒装(主谓倒装)是指把谓语全部提到主语的前面。例:InalecturehallofauniversityinEnglandsitsaprofessor.

1.以here,there,now,then引导的句子,要完全倒装。这种句子中的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。

如:Herecomesthetrain!/Theregoesthebell!

注意:若代词作主语,只把该副词提前主谓语序不变。Herehecomes./Hereitis.

2句首是拟声词或out,in,up,away,down等副词,句子要完全倒装。(注意,这时句子的主语也必须是名词。如果是人称代词,也不能使用倒装结构。)如:Upwenttherocket./Upitwent.

3.介词短语作状语在句首,句子要完全倒装。注意,这时句子的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。

如:Inthefrontofthelecturehallsatthespeaker.

4.表语置于句首,且主语较长或结构较复杂的句子要用全部倒装。如:Gonearethedayswhenwehanothingtoeat.

5.so/neither/nor表前面所说的情况也适合于后者,其倒装结构为“so/neither/nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词”,这里的主语同前一个句子的主语指的是同一人或物。如:Shehasfinishedherhomework,sohasherbrother.

Shehasn’tgonethere,neither/norhashe.

二、部分倒装(助动词倒装)是指把谓语的一部分(助动词)提到主语的前面。例:NeverinmylifehaveIseensuchathing.

1.用于疑问句中。如:Howdidyoudothat?Didyouseethefilmyesterday?

2.if从句中如有were(had,should),if省去后,要部分倒装,把were,had,should提到主语前面。如:

Ifyouhadcomeyesterday,youwouldhaveseenhim.

---Hadyoucomeyesterday,youwouldhaveseenhim.

3.as引导的让步状语从句,要部分倒装(表语、状语倒装)。有以下几种形式:

1)??MuchasIlikeit(=AlthoughIlikeitverymuch),Iwillnotbuyit.

2)??Waitasyoumay(=Althoughyoumaywait),hewillnotseeyou.

3)??Proudasthenoblesare(=Althoughthenoblesareproud),theyareafraidtoseeme.

Childasheis(=Althoughheisachild),hecantellrightfromwrong.

注意:如果名词前有形容词修饰时,as引导的倒装句中要保留不定冠词。如:

Abad-temperedmanasheis(=Althoughheisabad-temperedman),helovesmedeeply.

4.句首为否定词或否定意义的词语时,句子要部分倒装。(not,notonly,never,little,seldom,notuntil,hardly(scarcely),nosooner,notonce,atnotime,...)

Littledoweknowabouthim.

Nosoonerhadheclosedhiseyesthanhefellasleep.

SeldomdoeshecomebackonSundays.

NotuntilhecamebackdidIknowaboutit.

5.only在句首引导状语,或notuntil引导的状语在句首,主句要部分倒装。如:

OnlythendidIrealizetheimportantofEnglish./Onlywhenachildgrowsupdoesheunderstandhisparents’intentions.

但若only修饰的是句子的其它成分,则无需倒装。如:OnlysocialismcansaveChina.(only修饰句子的主语,仍用正常语序)

6.notonly...butalso...引导两个并列句,前倒后不倒。如:

Notonlydoeshedowellinhislessons,butalsoheoftenhelpsotherswiththeirlessons.

7.在以often,well,manyatime,nowandagain等方式或频度副词(短语)开头的句子中,要用部分倒装结构

ManyatimehasJohngivenmegoodadvice./Oftenhavewemadethattest.

8.Mayyousucceed!

9.so或so引导的短语放在句首,要部分倒装。

Soloudlydidhespeakthatevenpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.

so…thatso所修饰的形容词或副词,常将so连同它所修饰的形容词或副词一起提到句首。这时,主句要用倒装结构。如:

Herunssofastthatheisfaraheadofothers.---Sofastdoesherunthatheisfaraheadofothers.

Heissocleverthathecanworkoutallthedifficultproblemsinthebook.

--Socleverishethathecanworkoutallthedifficultproblemsinthebook.(全部倒装)

10.状语位于句首表示强调或使句子平衡,或使上下文紧密衔接,句子要部分倒装。

倒装句的用法

1.在以here,there,in,out,up,down,away,back,now,then等副词开头的句子里,如果主语是名词,常用全部倒装。

Outrushedtheboys./Thenfollowedthreedaysofheavyrain.

若代词作主语,只把该副词提前主谓语序不变。Herehecomes./Hereitis.

2.当句首状语是表示地点的介词词组时,也常常引起全部倒装。Southofthecityliesabigsteelfactory.

3.以带有否定意义而且修饰全句的词开头的句子,要用“部分倒装”语序(倒装的方法跟变一般疑问句的方法相似)。这类常见词有never,hardly,seldom,not,notonly,notuntil(引导从句时,主句“部分倒装”),little,rarely,nosooner...than,hardly...when,scarcely...when。例:NevershallIdothisagain.

其中nosooner...than,hardly...when,scarcely...when表示“一……就……”的意思。nosooner,hardly,scarcely引出的主句要用“部分倒装”形式的过去完成时,than,when引出的从句用过去时。

NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.

如果带有否定意义的词不是修饰全句,只是修饰主语,那么句子的主谓不必倒装。

Scarcelyasoundcamefromamongthecrowd.

4.so修饰形容词或副词,only修饰副词或状语放在句首时“部分倒装”。

Sobadlywasheinjuredintheaccidentthathewassenttothehospitalfortreatment./OnlyinthiswaycanyoumasterEnglish.

如果only修饰主语,句子则不倒装。例如:OnlyWangLinknowsthis.

5.neither,nor或nomore放在句首,作“也不”讲时,所引导的句子部分倒装。Hecan’tanswerthequestion.NeithercanI.

6.为了保持句子平衡或为了强调表语或状语,或使上下文紧密衔接时,需倒装。

Gonearethedayswhenweusedforeignoil.

7.由as,though(although)引导的表示“虽然”,“尽管”的让步状语从句,用倒装语序,即把从句中的表语或状语等放在as的前面。

1.______canyouexpecttogetapayrise.(2001北京春季卷)

A.WithhardworkB.AlthoughworkhardC.OnlywithhardworkD.Nowthatheworkshard

2.Ifailedinthefinalexaminationlasttermandonlythentheimportanceofstudies.(2004重庆卷)

A.Irealized B.IhadrealizedC.hadIrealizedD.didIrealize

3.----Iwouldnevercometothisrestaurantagain.Thefoodisterrible.----______.(2004全国卷)

A.NoramIB.NeitherwouldIC.samewithmeD.SodoI

4.____snacksanddrinks,buttheyalsobroughtcardsforentertainmentwhentheyhadapicnicintheforest.(2004上海卷)

A.NotonlytheybroughtB.NotonlydidtheybringC.NotonlybroughttheyD.Notonlytheydidbring

5____aboutwildplantsthattheydecidedtomakeatriptoMadagascarforfurtherresearch.(2005江苏卷)

A.SocuriousthecouplewasB.SocuriouswerethecoupleC.HowcuriousthecouplewereD.Thecouplewassuchcurious

6.—Davidhasmadegreatprogressrecently.—_____,and_____.(2005上海卷)

A.Sohehas;soyouhaveB.Sohehas;sohaveyouC.Sohashe;sohaveyouD.Sohashe;soyouhave

7.Maybeyouhavebeentomanycountries,butnowhereelse____suchabeautifulpalace.(2004年辽宁卷)

A.canyoufind B.youcouldfind C.youcanfind D.couldyoufind

8.______,Carolinacouldn''tgetthedooropen.(05广东卷)

A.TryasshemightB.AsshemighttryC.ShemightastryD.Mightsheastry

9.Neverbefore_______ingreaterneedofmodernpublictransportthanitistoday.(2005上海卷)

A.hasthiscitybeen B.thiscityhasbeen C.wasthiscity D.thiscitywas

10._____,hetalksalotabouthisfavoritesingersafterclass.(05重庆卷)

A.AquietstudentashemaybeB.QuietstudentashemaybeC.BeaquietstudentashemayD.Quietashemaybeastudent

11.Inthedarkforests________,somelargeenoughtoholdseveralEnglishtowns.(2005辽宁卷)

A.standmanylakes B.liemanylakesC.manylakeslie D.manylakesstand

(key:CDBBBBAAABB)

1.only所修饰的状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句)位于句首时,谓语动词要部分倒装。(1、2题)

2.含有否定意义的副词(notuntil,never,hardly,seldom,little,not,neither,nor,scarcely等)位于句首时,谓语动词要部分倒装。(7、9)

3.Notonly放在句首,从句不倒装,主句倒装。(4题)

4.so位于句首,表示前面的内容也适用于另一人或物时;neither,nor位于句首表示另一人或物也不这样时,谓语动词要用部分倒装。(3,6)

5.so...that...结构中表示程度的副词so位于句首时要用部分倒装。(5题)

6.为了保持句子结构平衡,或为了强调状语或表语,或使上下文紧密衔接时,谓语动词要全部倒装。(11题)

7.as引导让步状语从句时,从句中表语、谓语要倒装,注意:如果从句的表语是可数名词单数,且该名词前又没有形容词修饰时,其名词前不加冠词.(8、10题)

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