英语写作方法
英语写作方法六大原则：1.advancedwords(高级词汇原则)2.adverbialadvanceed(状语提前原则)3.phrasespreferred(短语优先原则)4.compoundsentence,compositesentenceandsentenceofspecialkind(并列句、复合句和特殊句式原则)5.longandshortsentencesalternately?(长短句交替原则)6.passagesinparagraphs(短文分段分层原则)
高分作文的五大特性1.senseoforder(条理性:段落完整，层次分明）2.accuracy?(准确性:语法准确，用词精当）3.fluency??(流畅性:层次清晰，行文连贯）4.conciseness&variety(简洁、多样性:语言简洁，不重复）5.ideologicalcontent(思想性:文章立意高，表达个人观点内容积极向上）
过渡词的使用过渡词是一种关系指引词，一般由副词或起副词作用的短语承担。此外，代词、连词、上下文的近义词等也可作过渡词。过渡词犹如“桥梁”，在文章中发挥着连接上下文的作用，学会恰当地运用过渡词会使文章结构紧凑，启、承、转、合，过渡自然，融会贯通，连成一体。1、根据意思和作用的不同，过渡词可以分为以下十六类：?（1）表并列关系的过渡词：?and,also，aswell,aswellas，or,too,notonly…butalso,both…and,either…or,neither…nor等。?（2）表递进关系的过渡词：?besides,inaddition（加之，除……之外）,moreover(此外，而且),what’smore，what’sworse等。?（3）表转折对比的过渡词：?but,however,yet,instead,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,although,differentfrom,despite,inspiteof,whereas,unlike,nevertheless,notonly…butalso,here…there,yearsago…today,this…that,theformer…thelatter,then…now,thefirst…whereasthesecond,once…now,ontheonehand…ontheotherhand,some…others等。?（4）表原因的过渡词：?because,becauseof,since,as,for,nowthat,thanksto,dueto（由于）,forthisreason,owingto,?asfaras,consideringthat,seeingthat等。?（5）表结果的过渡词：?so,thus,therefore,asaresult,sothat,then,thereby,hence,so…that,such…that?,accordingly等。???（6）表条件的过渡词：?if,unless,onconditionthat,as/solongas等。?（7）表时间的过渡词：?when,while,after,before,until,assoonas,later,afterwards,soon,lately,recently,since,fromthenon,?eventually,inthemeantime,then,suddenly,atthesametime,next,earlythismorning/year/century,afterawhile,inafewdays,now,presently,finally,atlast,allofasudden,formnowon,atpresent,immediately,themoment等。?（8）表特定的顺序关系的过渡词：?first,firstly,second,secondly,third,thirdly,aboveall,firstofall,then,next,finally,intheend,atlast,afterward(s)（后来）,meanwhile（几乎同时）,thereafter（在那以后）,last,finally,eventually（终于）等。?（9）表换一种方式表达的过渡词：?inotherwords,thatistosay,toputitanotherway等。?（10）表进行举例说明的过渡词：?forinstance,forexample,take…asanexample,namely,suchas,like,inotherwords,thatistosay,thatis等。?（11）表陈述事实的过渡词：?infact,actually,asamatteroffact,totellyouthetruth等。?（12）表强调的过渡词：?certainly,indeed,aboveall,surely,mostimportant,infact,nodoubt,withoutanydoubt,truly,obviously,ofcourse,actually,asamatteroffact,chiefly,especially,primarily,inparticular,undoubtedly,absolutely等。?（13）表比较、对比的过渡词：?like,unlike,inthesameway,similarly,besimilarto,ratherthan,onthecontrary,bycontrast,oneonehand…,ontheotherhand,otherwise等。?（14）表目的的过渡词：?forthisreason,forthispurpose,sothat,inorderto,soasto等。?（15）表总结的过渡词：?inaword(总之，简言之),ingeneral,inshort(总之),aboveall,afterall,generallyspeaking,tosumup,finally,inconclusion,toconclude,atlast,insummary,onthewhole等。?（16）表增补的过渡词：inaddition,furthermore,again,also,besides,moreover,what’smore,similarly,next,finally等。2、文章段落之间的逻辑关系主要由过渡词来完成，在修辞中称为启、承、转、合。“启”就是开头,“承”是承接，“转”是转折，“合”是综合或总结。?（1）“启”。?用于表示“启”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落或文章的开头：?过渡词：first,firstofall,atfirst,inthefirstplace,firstly,tobeingwith,tostartwith,recently,now,atpresent,inrecentyears,ingeneral,generallyspeaking,atpresent,lately,currently,?过渡句：Itisoftensaidthat…,?Astheproverbsays…,?Itgoeswithoutsayingthat…,?Itisclear/obviousthat…,?Manypeopleoftenask…?（2）“承”。?表示“承”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落中的第一个扩展句中：?过渡词：second,similarly,inaddition,besides,then,furthermore,moreover,whatismore,what?isworse,forexample,forinstance,certainly,surely,obviously,inotherwords,especially,particularly,inparticular,indeed,still,third,truly,infact,atthesametime,nodoubt，?过渡句：Itistruethat…,?Everybodyknowsthat…,?Itcanbeeasilyprovedthat…,?Noonecandenythat…?Thereasonwhy…isthat…,?Thereisnodoubtthat…,?Totake…foranexample(instance)…,?Weknowthat…,?Whatismoreseriousisthat…?（3）“转”。?用于“转”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落中的第二个扩展句中：?过渡词：but,however,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,incontrast,inanycase,atanyrate(无论如何),nevertheless(虽然如此),otherwise,or,orelse,while,whereas,but,despite,inspiteof...,yet,instead,?过渡句：Idonotbelievethat…,?Perhapsyou’llaskwhy…?Thismaybetrue,butwestillhaveaproblemwithregardto…,?Thoughweareinbasicagreementwith…,yetdifferenceswillbefound,?That’swhyifeelthat…?（4）“合”。?用于“合”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落的结论句或文章的结论段中：?过渡词：inaword,ingeneral,inshort,aboveall,afterall,generallyspeaking，tosumup,finally,inconclusion,atlast,insummary,therefore,asaresult,aboveall,thus，afterall(毕竟),eventually,hence,inshort,inconclusion,inaword,insum(总之),onthewhole(就整体而言),tosumup?过渡句：Fromthispointofview…?Onaccountofthiswecanfindthat…?Theresultisdependenton…?Thus,thisisthereasonwhywemust…?长短句结合（1）句子既要生动，又要简明扼要。（2）在写作中应避免使用相同长度的相同句型，而应注意句式的变化，如长短句结合，简单句、复杂句和复合句并用，还可以使用简化句等，一些较复杂的结构如独立结构，分词结构等也可以使用。（3）可以使用一些特殊句式，如强调句、感叹句、倒装句等，增强语句的表现力，以增加文章“亮点”。强烈建议：在文章第一段（开头）用一长一短，且先长后短；在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉！文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。
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